Kwiindawo ezithile zeendawo kunye neendawo ezihlala kuyo, izidalwa ezinobuthi ziyakhula kwaye zibe yingozi kubantu abasemzini. Ukubetha kwezinye iintlobo zeenyoka, izicukuthwane, ii-scorpions kunye neengqungquthela kunye nemisipha ethile, kunokudala utshintsho oluthile lomzimba emzimbeni obangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokubetha.
I-Venom ephuma kwizilwanyana eziluma okanye isilwanyana sinezilwanyana ezingabangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha engaphazamisa ukuphefumula kunye nentliziyo kunye nemiphumo enokubulala.
Ezinye iintlobo zesifo zingaphazamisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuqhawula igazi, ukukhupha ukuphuma kwamanzi, ukuvuselela ukukhululwa kwehommone nokuguqula imilambo yegazi. Le miphumo ingenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokuba yomelele ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwesifo esidalwe kumzimba wexhoba.
Inyoka
Kukho iingxelo ezininzi zeenyoka ezinokubangela ukuba kubekho iimeko eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha-ezinjenge-stroke. Inyoka enyoka, efumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi emhlabeni jikelele, sele ichongiwe njengomthombo wokubetha kwabantu. I-venom ekhutshwe kwi-spin's bite circulation iqukethe iibhoksi ezininzi ezivelisa ubunzima obunzima nomzimba womntu.
Iimpembelelo ze-Toxin ziquka ukuphuma kwegazi ngokugqithiseleyo, okubangela ukubola kwegazi kumalungu amaninzi omntu olimele. Kwaye kunomdla, ngamanye amaxesha i-toxins kwindawo leyo ibangela umphumo ochaseneyo, obangela ukuba i-blood clots engqondweni okanye kwezinye izakhiwo zomzimba.
Ezinye iinyoka ezinetyhefu, ezifana ne-rattlesnakes, inambuzane yokukhupha kwi-system yexhoba elenzakalisiweyo, elibangela ukudibanisa ukuphuma kwegazi kunye negazi kwi-body. Iiprotheni ezinjenge-metalloproteinases, i-serine proteases, kunye ne-C-type lectin, etholakala kwinyoka ye-snake, i-antiticoagulation kunye ne-pro-coagulation.
Unyango olusebenzayo lubandakanya ukulwa nesifo kunye nokuhlolwa konyango oluphuthumayo kunye nokunyamekela, kubandakanya ukuphefumula, ukuxhaswa kwenhliziyo kunye neentso. Izilungiso kwonyango oluchanekileyo ziye zaxelwa xa kukho ukulibaziseka kwi-identification ye-reptile kunye nokulawulwa kwamathambo.
Izibhenkce
Izibilini zesibindi zidibaniswa nokukhubazeka kwemisipha ngenxa yokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwe-neurotoxins kwi-nervous and muscle transmission. Ukukhubazeka kwemizimba kunokujolisa nayiphi na imisipha emzimbeni wonke, kubandakanywa imisipha exhasa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo njengokuphefumula nentliziyo. Inambuzane yesinxeba nayo ingabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-coagulation, okubangelwa ukubetha.
Ngokufana nokulawulwa kwezobuchopho beentlanzi ezinobumnyama, ukulawulwa kwexesha eliphuthumayo lokuhlambalaza kwesohlwayo kubandakanya ukujova ngokukhawuleza nangokuphawuleza kwonyango olwenziwe ngentsholongwane.
Scorpions
Ukugquma kweentlobo ezithile zeesororha kunokubangela ezininzi iziganeko ezisongela ubomi, kubandakanywa nezitenxo zentliziyo, ukukhubazeka kwesisu kunye nokukhubazeka kokuphefumula. Ukongezelela, isifo se-scorpion sinokuphazamisa ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo eqhelekileyo elawula ukuphuma kwegazi kunye negazi. I-scorpion stings ikhuthaza umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo wama-catecholamines, anama-hormone e-excitatory.
Ukugqithiswa kwamathambo amakhokhamine kunokunyusa utshintsho olukhulu kwiimitha zegazi, ubukhulu beemithambo yegazi kunye neempatho zengqondo ezingavamile.
Isineyile
Uninzi lweemiski aluncedo. Kukho iintlobo zeentlanzi ezisemanzini ezondla kwiintlanzi kwaye zingabangela ukulimala kubantu ngenxa yesifo sabo-esinokubangela ukukhubazeka.
ILizwi
Ukuluma kwezilwanyana kunokuba yingozi ngenxa yexhoba. Ingqwalasela engxamisekileyo yezokwelapha isoloko iyimfuneko, njengoko iimpawu ezisongela ubomi zingase ziguquke ngokukhawuleza. Iintlobo zezilwanyana zendalo zihluka ngoxhomekeke kwimeko yendalo kunye nesimo sezulu, kwaye abasebenzi bezonyango bangxamisekileyo banokuqhelana neengozi zezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni kunye nokunyanga kwabo.
Unonophelo lwengonyango oluqhelekileyo luvamekile ukuba lunxamnye nemiphumo yomzimba yecandelo elixhatshazwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulawulwa kwendawo yokulwa nesifo kuyimfuneko ukunqanda inyathelo elomeleleyo lezinto ezinetyhefu ezijoyiweyo ngenxa yokuluma okanye ukubola.
Ngelixa ungeke ucinge ukuba uthatha 'selfie' impendulo efanelekileyo kwinyoka okanye i-bite, iingcali zicebisa ukuthatha isithombe sesilwanyana, njengokuchongwa kwezilwanyana ezithintelayo ukuba ufumane ilungelo lokulwa nesifo kunye nokuthintela ikamva iingxaki zonyango.
> Imithombo:
> I-Antivenom yokukhubazeka kwe-Neuromuscular Ukusuka kwiNyoka eyenzayo, uSilva A, i-Hodgson WC, u-Isbister GK, i-Toxins (iBasel). 2017 uMatshi 19; 9 (4). pii: E143. i-doi: 10.3390 / iibhoksi 9040143.
> Umbutho we-ischemic kunye ne-stroke eyingozi ye-cerebral ngenxa ye-envenomation enamandla yi-Sahara eneenyoka (Cerastes cerress), Aissaoui Y, Hammi S, Chkoura K, Ennafaa I, Boughalem M, Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exoque, uAgasti 2013
> Ukulimala kwabantu kunye nokufa ngenxa yemisipha yomnyoba enomdla we-Conidae, uKohn AJ, Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Julayi; 54 (7): 524-38. i-doi: 10.5414 / CP202630.
> I-Ischemic Stroke Emva kwe-Wasp Sting, i-Kulhari A, i-Rogers A, i-Wang H, i-Kumaraswamy VM, i-Xiong W, i-DeGeorgia M, i-J Emerg Med. 2016 Agasti 18.
> Imiphumo yeengxaki zeentsimbi eziqhumayo kunye nezilonda: izinyoka, izigulane, kunye neengqungquthela, u-Del Brutto OH, I-Handbook ye-Clinic Neurology, ngoJulayi 2013