Ukutyelela Inkqubo Yokuphefumula

Funda indlela Iimilo Zakho Zisebenza ngayo

Ukuze ufumane uncedo olungakumbi lwe-COPD unyango , kubalulekile ukwazi oko kwenzekayo ngaphakathi emiphakeni yakho. Umsebenzi wemiphunga ukufumana umoya kunye nokungena ngaphakathi komzimba. Thatha uhambo lwenkqubo yokuphefumula ukuze ubone indlela le nkqubo ivela ngayo.

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I-Nose neNasal Cavity

Impumlo yile nxalenye kuphela ebonakalayo yangaphandle yenkqubo yokuphefumula. Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo ekujoliswe kuyo ingcikivo engenakunxaxha, ekuqwalaseleni ukubaluleka kwayo, impumlo ifaneleke kakhulu. Impumlo iqulethe i-receptors ngenxa yokuziva iphunga. Enye yeendlela ezingaphandle kwomoya engena kwinkqubo yokuphefumula apho ihlonywa, ifudumala kwaye iyanconywa.

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Inkqubo Yokuphefumula Ephezulu

Inkqubo yokuphefumula ephezulu iquka impumlo, isicu somsi, i-pharynx (umphimbo), kunye ne-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi). Enye yeendlela iindlela zokungena emoyeni zingena kwinkqubo yokuphefumula ziphuma emakhaleni empumeni apho zihlonywa khona, zihlanjululwe zifudumale ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Emva koko idlula kwi-pharynx (i-pass passage for both air and food) kwaye iqhubeka i-larynx, enye indlela yokuhamba emoyeni. I-larynx iphinda isebenze ukukhusela ukutya ukungena kumgangatho ophantsi wokuphefumula.

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Isistim sezantsi sokuphefumula

Izakhiwo eziphambili zendlela yokuphefumula ephantsi ziquka i-trachea (i-windpipe), kunye nemiphunga, i-bronchi, i-bronchioles kunye ne-alveoli.

Emva kohambo lwayo nge-larynx, umoya okhuphayo ufikelele kwi-trachea. I-trachea yenziwe yomeleleyo, i-C-shaped cartilage izindandatho ezinika i-trachea ukuqina kwayo kwaye ivumela ukuba ihlale ivulekile ngokuqhubekayo. I-trachea i-intshi ezine-intshi ubude kunye no-intshi enye ububanzi yaye iguquguquke kakhulu kwimvelo. Njengomtya wamanzi, i-trachea inceda ukucoca, ukufudumala nokuhlaziya umoya owela kuyo.

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Ngaphakathi kweeLung

Emva kokushiya i-trachea, ukuphuma kwe-air kuya kwi-bronchi. Enye i-bronchus iholela kumphunga wesobunxele kwaye enye, ngakwesokudla. Efana ne-trachea, i-bronchi yenziwe nge-cartilage ene-C eqinile ukuze ibanike inkxaso kunye nokuqina.

Ukujula emiphakeni, i-bronchus nganye iyahlukana kwi-bronchi yesibini kunye neye-tertiary bronchi, ize ibe yindlela encinci yomoya ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchioles. Ngokuphambene ne-bronchi, i-bronchioles ayenziwe nge-cartilage eqinile kwaye ngenxa yoko ixhomekeke ekunciphiseni nasekukhuseleni, njengokuba kwenzeka ngexesha lokukhushulwa kwe- COPD . I-bronchioles iphelela emagodini e-air abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli. I-alveoli yindawo yokutshintshwa kwegesi ngaphakathi kwemipompo.

I-Alveoli zizinto ezincinci, ezincinci ezihlanganiswe kunye namagqabi afana namagilebhisi ukwenza ama-alveolar sacs. Emhlabeni we-alveoli unxibelelwano lwama-capillary (iminyana emininzi yegazi) ethwala igazi kwiimvumba zamanye amalungu omzimba. Kulapha apho ukutshintshwa kwegesi kuvela khona - i-carbon dioxide egazini ichitshiyelwa i-oksijini evela kwi-alveoli. Emva kokuba igazi le-oxygen lishiye i-alveoli, liya entliziyweni, eliphakathi kwemipuphu emibini, apho iphoswe khona kuwo wonke umzimba. I-carbon dioxide iyaxoshwa emzimbeni wakho rhoqo xa uphuma.

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Indima ye-Diaphragm

Ingqungquthela iyisiphako esifane nesigxina, ehleli phakathi kwesigodlo sakho okanye isifuba sakho nesisu sakho okanye isisu. Ukusuka kwimibono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, zonke izilwanyana ezinesilwanyana kunye nesilwanyana asikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwelungu. Ukongeza kwendima yayo ebalulekileyo ekuphefumlweni, ilungu lijongene nenkulumo enzima, iintetho ezahlukeneyo zokuqamba, ukucula kunye nolwimi.

Uncedo lwe-Diaphragm Uncedisa njani ukuphefumula?

Efumaneka ngqo ngaphantsi kwemiphunga, i-diaphragm (i-DY-uh-fram) yenye yezona zihlunu ezinkulu ezibandakanya ukuphefumla. Iikontraki, idonsa, iphinde ihluthe ngexesha lokuphuza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isigxina sesifuba sande. Lo mkhangeli udala i-vacuum ekhupha umoya kwindawo enkulu yemiphunga. Ngethuba lokuphefumula, i-diaphragm yabuyisela kwakhona, iya kubuya kwimo yayo yangaphambili, kwaye umoya uphuma emiphakeni.

Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo iqhutywe kwaye iholele kwii-hiccups. Izivumelwano zengqungquthela ezivela kwi-synnc okanye zibacaphukisa (umz. Ukusela ngokukhawuleza okanye ukutya ngokukhawuleza), umoya ujikeleza ngaphakathi, kwaye ukukhethwa kwezwi ngokukhawuleza kukuphendulela kukungqubana komoya ngokukhawuleza. Ukutshatyalaliswa komzimba wakho kukukhokelela kwisandi esihambelana ne-hiccups.

Kukhona ukuvulwa apho i-oophagus okanye ibhulophu yokutya idlula esifuba ukuya kwisisu. Ukongezelela, ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-phrenic nervous (nerve elawula ukunyakaza kwe-diaphragmatic), i-aorta (isitya segazi esithwala igazi eline-oksijeni egazini kumzimba), kunye ne-vena cava (inxalenye yesistim esinobuhlungu esithwala igazi elixhambileyo kwimiphunga) bonke badlula i-diaphragm.

Iimpawu ezingabonakalisa ingxaki ngefowuni yakho ingaquka:

• Ukuphefumula okunzima
• Ukuphefumula ngokuthe ngcembe kunexesha eliqhelekileyo
• Amanqanaba aphantsi oksijini egazini
• Ubuhlungu kwisifuba, egazini okanye esiswini

Ziziphi izifo ezibangelwa iingxaki zeDiaphragm?

• Iintsilelo zokuzalwa
• Sulelo
• Lupus
• Ukungondleki
• Unyango
• Stroke
• Iingxaki zesakhiwo emva kwengozi okanye ukulimala
• Iingxaki zeTyroid

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezinokuthi uMgqirha wam uyalela?

• I-xst ray ye-Chest: inikeza umfanekiso ukuze ubone ukuba kukho into ethile eyenza ukuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo
• I-Fluroscopy: i-x-ray yangempela-time evumela ukuba ubone kakuhle ukuba isithintelo sakho siyakwenza njani kwaye ukhululeke.
• Uvavanyo lwemiqathango yokusebenza : Ezi mvavanyo zivavanya indlela ohamba ngayo emoyeni nangaphandle kwemiphunga.
• Izifundo zokuqhuba i-nerve: ezi mvavanyo zivavanya ukuba i-nervous phrenic ithumela iimpawu kwi-diaphragm ukuthenga isivumelwano.

Ukonyango ngokubanzi kuxhomekeke kwisizathu esibalulekileyo kwaye kunokubandakanya imishanguzo, unyango oluxhasayo ukuze uncede isilathisi sisebenze kangcono (umz. I-pacemaker ifana kakhulu ne-pacemaker ye-cardiac) okanye utyando.

_Imithombo

_{IThala leSizwe leMicrothelo. Isidumbu kunye nemiphunga. Kufumaneke ngo-Juni 15, 2015.}

_{Kitaoka H, ​​Chihara K. Ingqungquthela: inxalenye efihliweyo kodwa ebalulekileyo yezilwanyana ezincinci kunye nomntu. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 669: 167-71. Kufumaneke ngo-Juni 15, 2015.}

Ehlelwe nguPat Bass, MD

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Inkqubo yokuPhepha

Ukuphefumula kunezigaba ezibini: ukuphefumula (uphefumula, kwaye umoya ugeleza emiphakeni) kunye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi (uphefumula, kwaye uphephe emaphepheni). Ngethuba lokuphefumlelwa, i-diaphragm kunye ne-intercostal imisipha yomnqophiso evumela umoya ukuba ungene emiphumeni. Ngethuba lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, i-diaphragm kunye ne-intercostal imisipha iyanqanda ukunyanzelisa ukuphuma kweemiphunga.