Iinguqulelo zeengcingo Kwi-COPD ejongene noxinzelelo lweMpawu zeMpawu
I-COPD isifo esiphephayo somphunga esibonakaliswe ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okungagqibekanga ngokupheleleyo. Eyona nto ibangelwa ngokukhawuleza kwexesha elide ukukhupha umoya, isifo sesifo sibangela inani elincinane kakhulu, i-physiologic kunye neenguqu zomphunga zempuphu ezijongene nemilinganiselo ehlukeneyo yeempawu zeCOPD . Masiqwalasele ngokuthe kancinci ezine zezo zinguqulelo zomphunga.
UkuNciphisa koMoya
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide kwiingcingo zomoya, ezifana nentambo yocuba kunye nokungcola komoya , kubangela ukuba i-airways ikhubeke kwaye ivuke, ingavimbela ukuhamba komoya nokuphuma kwimiphunga. Le nkqubo, ekubhekiswe kuyo njengokunciphisa i-airflow, iyaqhubeka ihamba phambili nakwixesha, ingakumbi ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezinobungozi kuqhubeka.
Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza kuhambelana nokuncipha komsebenzi wamaphaphu obonwe kwiCOPD njengoko kulinganiswa ngomoya we- spirometry . Umkhulu wokukhutshwa komngcipheko womoya, ophantsi kwe- FEV1 kunye ne- FEV1 / FVC , ixabiso elincinci kwi-diagnostic of restrictive and restructive diseases .
Umoya wokuPhatha
Ukukhutshwa kwe-Airway kubangela ukuba umoya ogqithiseleyo uphumelele ngaphakathi kwimiphunga ngexesha lokuphumayo. Njengobhaluni obangelisekile, ukubetha emoyeni kubangelwa i- hyperinflation yemiphunga , leyo leyo ibeka umlinganiselo womoya owenziwe ngumntu. Njengoko ukuqhubela umoya kuqhubela phambili, umthamo womoya ushiywe kwimiphunga emva kokuphuma kwimoya evamile ( amandla okwehla okusebenzayo ) ukwanda, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuzivocavoca.
Esi sizathu esona sizathu sokuba abantu abaneCOPD banokuphefumula kakhulu ngexesha lokuzilolonga kwaye banakho ukunciphisa amandla okunyamezela umsebenzi okhuni.
Ukungavumelekanga kwiGash Exchange
Umzulu ngaphakathi emiphakeni i- alveoli , amaqela amancinci afana namashishini ekutshintshiselwa kwegesi. Umoya ombilini uqukethe i-oxygen; Umoya okhupha umoya uqulethe i-carbon dioxide, umonakalo wokuphefumula.
Ngeemeko eziqhelekileyo, i-oksijini iyaxinwa kwaye ihamba iphepheni yokuphefumula ibe yimiphunga kuze ifike kwi-alveoli. Ngesinye i-alveoli, ihluke kwigazi apho iphuma khona emzimbeni ukondla zonke izitho ezibalulekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-carbon dioxide eye yafunyanwa yi-blood exchanges kunye ne-oksijeni, yahlula emva kwe-alveoli, ibe yimiphunga kunye nendlela yokuphefumula apho ekugqibeleni igxothwa njengenkunkuma. Kwimpompo enempilo, ukutshintshwa kwe-oksijeni kunye ne-carbon dioxide kulinganiswe; Kwi-COPD, akunjalo. Ukuphinda kuphinde kubonakale kwinto enobungozi ebhubhisa i-alveoli, ukuphazamisa inkqubo yokutshintshwa kwegesi. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela kwi- hypoxemia kunye nokunyaniseka , zombini eqhelekileyo kwiCOPD. Njengoko eso sifo siyaqhubeka, ukuphazamiseka kokutshintshiselwa kwegesi kubonakala kukugqithiseleyo, okukhokelela ekudakaleni kweempawu , ukukhubazeka kunye nokugula okukhulu.
Ukuveliswa kweMucus excess
Ukuqheliswa kwe-mucus kunobangela ekunciphiseni umoya, ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi, ukukhwehlela okuvelisayo nokuphefumula okuqhelekileyo kweCOPD. Ikwadlala indima enkulu kwixesha kunye nobude be-bacterial infections.
I-Muc isisitye esinamathengi esakhiwe ngamaseli e-goblet kunye neeseli ezinamaqabunga ezigulane ezincinci.
Kwiimiphunga eziphilileyo, iiseli ze-goblet zininzi kakhulu kwi-bronchi enkulu, ukuncipha kwinani njengoko zifikelela ezincinci ze-bronchioles. Iingqungquthela ezincinci zithintela kwiindawo ezihamba phambili zomoya, kodwa ziba zikhulu kakhulu njengoko i-airways iminyene, ipheleka ngokupheleleyo kwi-bronchioles. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imisebenzi ye-mucus yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokuncedisa iifomphu kunye nokulahla iindawo zokungcola kwamanye amazwe. Kwi-COPD, imveliso ye-mucus , ngaphezulu-okanye-ngaphantsi, iyajika.
Xa iimpompo ziqhubekile zithotyelwa kwiingcingo zomoya, iiseli ze-goblet zanda kwinani kunye neengqungquthela ezingaphantsi kwenyuka ngobukhulu. Ngokubambisana, ziba zixhamla kwiindlela ezincinci zomoya, ngokugqithiseleyo iiseli ezinjenge-cilia ezinjenge-broom ezikunceda i-mucus ecacileyo emiphakeni.
Xa umkhiqizo we-mucus ungena kwi-overdrive kunye ne- clearway imvume , i-mucus iqala ukuhlamba e-airways, ukudala umqobo kunye nokuzalisa ngokugqibeleleyo indawo yokuzalisa ibhaktheriya. Njengoko iibhaktheriya zikhula ngenani, ukutheleleka kwintsholongwane yebhaktheriya kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuqhutywe yi- COPD .
Ungenzani?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu yonyango lweCOPD ukuyeka ukutshaya . Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi wokuphuka kwemiphunga okuya kuba kubi xa ukutshaya kuqhubeka.
Ukuba ungeyiyo , qiniseka ukuba ugweme, okanye ubuncinane umda, ukubonakaliswa kuzo zonke izikratshi zomoya. Oku kubandakanywa umsi wesibini , ukungcola komoya kunye neekhemikhali ezinzima emsebenzini.
Ukuthintela ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kubalulekile ekulawuleni kwimihla ngemihla yeCOPD. Uninzi lwezigulane zijongene nendima yazo kule nto, kodwa xa zithathwa, amanyathelo okuthintela anciphise ingozi yokuxakeka kwaye agcine izigulane zingahambi esibhedlele.
Ukuba ungakhange ufumane iCOPD kwaye ufumana iimpawu, jonga ugqirha wakho kuvavanyo lwe-spirometry . Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kweCOPD kubangela unyango olwangaphambili kunye neziphumo ezingcono kakhulu kulabo abahlakulela isifo.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo e-Global for Diagnosis, Management, kunye nokuKhuselwa kwezifo ezingagqithisiyo. I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Disease. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-2011.
Kuye, uToby J., no-Broadley, uKenneth J. Goblet Cell Hyperplasia, Umsebenzi we-Airway kunye ne-Leukocyte Infiltration emva kwe-Lipopolysaccharide engapheliyo kwi-Conscious Guinea Izingulube: Impembelelo yeRoprpram neDexamethasone. JPET 302: 814-821, 2002.