Ukubhema ukubhema kubangelwa zizifo, ukugula kunye nokufa kwangaphambili
Inyaniso eyaziwayo ukuba ukutshaya ugwayi kuyingozi kwimpilo yakho. Phantse yonke umdlavuza unxulumene nobungozi obandayo phakathi kwabokutshaya. Ingqungquthela yeentlobo, ngoko, kutheni abangaphezu kwama-20% base-United States abahlali bentsholongwane. Izingozi zokutshaya zininzi, zichaphazela nangona umntwana ongakazalwa xa ehlala ngokusesikweni kwisibeleko sikamama.
Kwabo banomnqweno omncinci wokuyeka, eli phetshana lokubhema i-cigarette lingasiza:
- Ngokutsho kwe-American Lung Association, ukutshaya ugwayi kubaluleke kakhulu kwizifo kunye nokugula kunye / okanye ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha lonke.
- Unyaka ngamnye, ama-443,000 aseMelika alahlekelwa ubomi bawo kwizifo eziphathelele ukutshaya. Oku kubonisa ukufa kwe-1 kwaba-5, okwenza kube yinto ebangela ukufa e-US.
- Ababhemayo abaqhelekileyo bafa kwangaphambili kunabangabhemi (iminyaka eyi-13 ngamadoda kunye neminyaka eyi-14 kubafazi).
- Ngokumalunga nama-8.6 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika banesifo esithile esifana nokutshaya.
- Kulo lonke ukufa e-US, kukho abanye abantu abangama-20 abanesimo esisodwa sempilo esisemgangathweni esixhomekeke ekubhekeni.
- Ukubhema kuholele kwi-20-30% yabantwana abaphantsi kobunzima bokuzalwa, phantse i-15% ye-preterm yokudiliva, kunye ne-10% yabantwana abasweleyo.
- I-US isebenzisa ngaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezingama-190 zamaRandi ngonyaka kwiindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezinxulumene nokubhema kunye nemitha engama-4,260 kwiindleko ezizodwa kumntu omdala otshaya.
- Iicigarettes ziqulethe iikhemikhali ezili-7,000 - ezingama-69 zazo ziyaziwa ukuba zenze umhlaza.
- Ukubhema kubangelwa i-90% yomdla wokufa ngumhlaza kunye no-80% wama-COPD ukufa.
- I-Nicotine yinyango enomlutha kakhulu, okuyiyo, xa iphefumlelwe, ifinyelela ingqondo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba nayiphi na isicatshulwa esikhatywayo, kuquka heroin. Le nxalenye yezizathu zokuthi ukuyeka ukude kunzima kangakanani.
- Ukubhema kudibaniswa nokungabikho komntwana kumadoda.
- Ukubhema kunokukhokelela kwiinkalo ezininzi zokukhulelwa kubandakanya ingozi yokuzalwa kwangaphambili, ukuzala okuphantsi, i-SIDS, ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic
- Abazali abomileyo bangabangela iingxaki zempilo kubantwana babo, kubandakanywa ukwanda kwesifo se- asthma, ukwanda kwamaxesha okubanda kunye / okanye ukusulelwa kwindlebe, kunye ne-infant mortal syndrome.
- Ukubhema i-cigarette kubangelwa izifo ezinzulu ezibandakanya i- COPD , isifo senhliziyo, isifo soxinzelelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, inertic aneurysm esiswini, isifo se-pneumonia, isifo segum, i- osteoporosis cataracts kunye neendlela ezininzi zomhlaza. Ingakhokelela ekungabikho komntwana, izilonda zokuphulukisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nesifo sezilonda zesilonda.
- Phakathi kwalabo basasaza, isifo esingapheliyo sesifo samaphaphu sibalo i-73% yazo zonke izifo eziphathelele ukutshaya. Kwangaphambili abantu ababhemayo, isifo esingapheliyo sesifo sepayipi sibhalisela i-50% yazo zonke iimeko eziphathelele ukutshaya.
- Kunyaka ngamnye, umsi wesibambiso unobangela wokufa kwabantu abanomdlavuza wesi- 3 400 kunye neengxaki ezingama-46,000 ezifayo kwi-United States kuphela.
- Ukutshaya kwabazali kuholele kwii-episodes ezingaphezu kwama-200 000 kunye no-709,000 ukutyelelwa kwezifo zendlebe.
- Ukuthengiswa kotywala kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuxilisa njengoko kukhuthaza abantu abatsha ukuba baqalise ubudlelwane obungapheli kunye neekreyi phambi kokuba bekhulile ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde impembelelo yokubhema inempilo yabo.
- Ngo-2009, abafundi abangaphezu kwama-5% abaphakathi kwabafundi basesikolweni esiphakathi babesabhema namhlanje ngelixa phantse aba-20% babo bonke abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo baphawule ukuba babeshushu.
Ukuyeka ukubhema kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuselweni kwezifo kubantu abadala kunye nabantu abatsha ngokufanayo. Ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo iyancipha kakhulu emva kokuphela konyaka wokuphela komnyaka. Kwiminyaka emi-2 umngcipheko wokuba uhlangothi lube ngumntu ongaphantsi. Umngcipheko weengcingo zomlomo, umphimbo, isisu kunye nesantya senyuka ngama-50% kwiminyaka emi-5 kwaye umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu unciphisa isigxina kwiminyaka eyi-10,
Okwangoku, kukho amayeza angama-7 avunywe yi-FDA ukunceda abantu bayeke.
Ngenxa yokuba ukuyeka ukutshaya kudinga ukuzama ukuzama ukuzama ukuyeka ukutshaya , kunye nokucetyiswa komntu ngamnye, iqela okanye ucebisi ngefowuni kunconywa kakhulu ukuba ukwandise amathuba okuzama ukuyeka ukuzama ukuyeka ukutshaya.
Imithombo
I-American Lung Association. IiNkcazo zokuShatsha. Kufike ngoJuni 14, 2015.
Amaziko Okulawulwa Kwezifo. Iimiphumo zeMpilo yeCigarette Ukubhema. Kufike ngoJuni 14, 2015.
Ehlelwe nguPat Bass, MD