Asazi izizathu ezisemthethweni zomhlaza weengtso, kodwa kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezinokunyusa amathuba omntu wokuphuhlisa eso sifo.
Umdlavuza wezintso uqheleke kakhulu kumadoda, kulabo abatshitshisiyo okanye abagqithiseleyo, abo baye baveleleke kwiikhemikhali ezithile emsebenzini, kunye nalabo abanezifo zonyango ezifana nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi. Umngcipheko womhlaza weengtso uphezulu nakubantu abanentsapho yembali yesifo okanye abazuze iillytic syndromes.
Isiganeko somhlaza wesifo sele sanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona singabonakali ukuba uyazi ukuba kutheni. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba akukona ukwanda okwenene, kodwa kunoko ukwandisa ukwazi ukufumana nokuxilonga isifo ngenxa yeemvavanyo zokucinga ezifana ne-CT scans kunye ne-MRI.
Ukuba ufunda ukuba unobungozi obungakumbi, unokuziva ukhululekile. Khumbula, ukuba unomngcipheko ophezulu awuqinisekisi ukuba uya kuhlakulela umhlaza, kwaye kukho ezinye izinto ezikulawulwa kwakho. Thetha kwiprogram yakho yonyango malunga naluphi na utshintsho lwezinto zokuphila ongazenzayo njengokulawula ubunzima bakho, ukuzivocavoca, kunye nokutya okunempilo, kwaye uqaphele iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ukuze ulandele njengoko kufuneka.
Izinto zokuPhila kweengozi
Izizathu ezisemthethweni zomhlaza weengso azange zichongwe, kodwa siyazi ukuba umdlavuza usuqala xa uchungechunge lwezitshintsho kwiisilwanyana eziqhelekileyo zeentsholongwane ziguqula ukuba iseli kumgca wesifo somhlaza.
Nangona kunjalo, sinokufumana iziganeko ezinobungozi zesifo. Imiba yengozi inganyusa amathuba ukuba umntu ahlakulele umdlavuza weengxaki zomhlaza, kodwa akayi kubangela umhlaza. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu banokwenza kwaye bahlakulele umdlavuza wezintso nangona bengenayo imingcipheko yesifo.
Ezinye zezinto eziziwayo zengozi yomhlaza wengqondo ziquka ezi zilandelayo.
Ubudala
Umngcipheko womhlaza wesifo ukhula ukwanda kunye nobudala, nangona la maqhekeza afunyenwe kubantu abakudala, kunye nabantwana. Esi sifo sifumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-70.
Ngesondo
Umhlaza wesifo unesibini ngokuqhelekileyo njengabantu abasetyhini.
Uhlanga
Umngcipheko womhlaza wesifo uphezulu kakhulu kunabantu abamnyama kunabamhlophe.
Geography
Iintsholongwane zeentsholongwane ziqhelekileyo phakathi kwabo bahlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini kuneendawo zasemaphandleni.
Ukutshaya
Ukutshaya yinto ecacileyo yengozi yomdlavuza weengtso, kwaye abo bashunqayo bangama-50 ekhulwini ukuphuhliswa kwesifo. Ukucinga ukuba ukubhema kucingelwa ukuba kuxanduva lwee-30 zeepesenti zeentsholongwane zamagciwane kumadoda kunye nama-25 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini.
Umngcipheko uhambelana nenani leminyaka yepakethi etshayiweyo, okanye inani lababhegi libhema rhoqo imihla ngemihla yeminyaka umntu etshaya. Njengomzekelo ngomhlaza wamaphaphu, umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza usinciphisa xa umntu eshiya ukutshaya kodwa unokuhlala ephakamileyo ixesha elide. Umngcipheko ekugqibeleni wehla kumntu ongeke atshanje malunga neminyaka eyi-10 emva kokuyeka.
Ukunyanya
Abantu abagqithise ngokweqile okanye abagqithisileyo (abanomzimba wongxowankulu ophezulu kunama-30) banakho amathuba okuvelisa umdlavuza wezintso, kwaye ukukhuluphala kucingelwa ukuba kuxanduva lwe-1 kwi-4 yengqumbo yeentsholongwane.
Ukunyameka kukukhokelela ekutshintsheni kumazinga e-hormone emzimbeni onokudibana nalo mngcipheko.
Mayeza
Kukho amanye amayeza anxulumene ngokucacileyo nomhlaza wengqondo, kunye nabanye apho esingaqinisekanga nokuba kukho umngcipheko.
Enye iklasi yeentlungu zentlungu sele idibene nomhlaza wesifo. I-Phenacetin, i-painkiller eyayisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, yayivinjelwe e-United States ngo-1983 ngenxa yale nkxalabo. Oko kwathiwa, kukho abantu abaphila namhlanje abangase basebenzise amayeza, ngoko kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho malunga nayiphi na ingxaki yezokwelapha oye wayenayo ngaphambili. Kubonakala ngathi iPhenacetin yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi yokuphuhliswa kwesifo.
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba iziganeko zomhlaza wengqondo (kwi-renal pelvis) e-Australia zihlasele ngamaphesenti ama-52 kwabasetyhini kunye nama-39 ekhulwini kumadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 emva kokuba ivinjelwe kweli lizwe ngo-1979.
Kukho inkxalabo yokuba izidakamizwa ezingabhubhisiyo ezifana ne-Advil (ibuprofen) zinokunyusa umngcipheko. Ikhonkco sele ifumaneka phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-aspirin kunye neTylenol (acetominophen) kunye nomhlaza wesifo. Ezi ngcipheko zicingelwa ukuba zibangelwa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezi zinyango zentlungu kodwa sizathu esibalulekileyo sokusebenzisa ezi lungiselelo kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.
I-Diuretics okanye "iipilisi zamanzi" (ngokukodwa, i-hydrochlorothiazide) inokudibaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wemihlaza yengqondo. Ngexesha langoku, akaqinisekanga ukuba umngcipheko uhambelana nokusetyenziswa kwezi nkunkuma ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ngenxa yobunzima begazi ngokwalo.
Iimeko Zonyango
Izimo zonyango ezidibene nokuphuhliswa komhlaza wengqondo ziquka:
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, akuqinisekanga ukuba ingozi ephezulu yegazi ingumngcipheko weengxaki zomhlaza, okanye kunoko amayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga le meko.
- Imbali ye-lymphomas: Akuqinisekanga ukuba i-lymphomas ibeka umntu kwisifo somhlaza, nokuba ingaba isifo somdlavuza sinokwabelana ngesimo somzimba, okanye ukuba i-radiation esetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-lymphomas ibangela ingozi eyongeziweyo.
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-immunosuppression: Isistim somzimba sokuxhatshazwa kwegazi, nokuba kungenxa yobungozi begazi, izifo ezizizuze ngegazi, ezifumene izifo ezinjenge-HIV / AIDS, okanye ezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela komzimba zandisa ingozi.
- Imbali yesifo somhlaza we-thyroid: Abantu ababenomdlavuza we-thyroid babonakala ngathi banamathuba amabini ukuya kusixhenxe ukuba banomdlavuza wesifo. Akuqinisekanga ukuba umdlavuza we-thyroid (okanye unyango lwawo) udlala indima echanekileyo, nokuba kunokuba ukuba utshintsho lwezakhi ezifana nezo zithintelo zesifo somzimba zifaka ingozi kwimibini yomhlaza.
- Isifo sikashukela: Umngcipheko womhlaza wesifo uphezulu kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngakumbi abo baphathwe nge-insulin.
- Ukwelashwa komhlaza ngomnye umhlaza: Abasetyhini ababenomdlavuza wesibeleko somlomo wesibeleko, okanye amadoda anesifo somhlaza wesifo somhlaza, abanomngcipheko ophezulu.
- INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO / NGA- AIDS: Ukunyanzelwa kwe-immunosuppression yedwa yinto engumngcipheko womhlaza weengtso, kodwa amayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga i-HIV ibonakala akwandisa ingozi.
- Isifo esiphezulu sesifo: Abantu abanesifo seengxaki eziphambili, ngokukodwa abo basesifo se-dialysis, banomngcipheko ophezulu.
- Usulelo lwe-hepatitis C olungapheliyo: Kungekudala, i-hepatitis C ifunyenwe ukunyusa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza. Ngoku kucetyiswa ukuba nabani na abazalwa phakathi ko-1945 no-1965 banokuhlolwa kwegazi ukukhusela i- hepatitis C , njengoko eso sifo sisoloko singenazo iimpawu kude kube yenze umonakalo omkhulu.
- Amathambo eentso: Amatye eentso ingaba yingozi ebantwini, kodwa lo mbutho awubonakali kubasetyhini.
Iimpawu zeMichiza
Uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi kwizinto kunye neekhemikhali eziphakamisa umngcipheko zihlobene nomsebenzi wokusebenza (umsebenzi). Ezinye zazo zibandakanya ukuvezwa kwe-trichlorethylene (i-solvent egxininiswayo yokusetyenziswa kwepende kwizinto zinyithi), i-perchlorethylene (esetyenziselwa ukucoca oomatshini kunye ne-metal degreasing), i-cadmium (efumaneka kwiibhetri ze-cadmium), i-asbestos (efunyenwe kwisakhiwo esiphezulu), i-benzene (efunyenwe uphethiloli kunye nenkxalabo yabasebenzi beesitishi segesi), kunye nokunye utywala (esetyenziselwa ukulima).
Izinto ezizalisayo
Iziphumo ezivela ngaphando kolulodwa zibonakalisa ukuba abafazi abane-hysterectomy banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomdlavuza wezintso (malunga neepesenti ezingama-28 kwelinye kunye ne-41 ekhulwini kwelinye). Ngokwahlukileyo, umngcipheko womhlaza weengtso usezantsi kulabasetyhini abanokuqala (ixesha lokuqala) emva kwexesha elizayo, kunye nalabo basebenzise ipilisi yokulalisa (ukukhulelwa komlomo).
Genetics
Uninzi lwabantu abahlakulela umhlaza wengqondo abanalo imbali yentsapho yesi sifo, kodwa imbali yomndeni yesifo somhlaza iphakamisa umngcipheko. Ukuba nesidanga sokuqala esihambelana nesi sifo (umzali, umntakwabo, okanye umntwana) uphinda ubangele umngcipheko, kodwa umngcipheko uphezulu xa umntakwabo enesi sifo (ebonisa inxalenye yendalo). Umngcipheko womhlaza weengtso uphinde uphakame xa izihlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye (nokuba zandise izihlobo) zinesi sifo, kwaye ingakumbi kulawo malungu osapho afunyanwe ngaphambi kokuba aneminyaka engama-50 okanye abe nomdlavuza ongaphezu kwesinye.
Ukuba ngaba ilungu lentsapho elithile lithe lafunyanwa ngumhlaza wesifo, okanye ukuba amalungu omndeni sele afunyanwe ukuba sele eselula, kunokwenzeka ukuba enye ye-genetic syndromes engezantsi ikwazi ukuqhuba kwintsapho yakho. Ngethuba langoku, ke, ukuvavanywa kwemizimba kusebuncinaneni. Iimpawu zesifo somzimba kunye nokuguquka kwemfuza kuya kufumaneka kwixesha elizayo.
Ukongeza kwimbali yentsapho, abantu abaneempawu zentsholongwane yemvelo banomngcipheko ophezulu. Ezi zi-syndromes njengangoku zicatshangelwe ukuba zilandele i-5% ukuya kwi-8 ekhulwini zeentsholongwane zentsholongwane, kwaye zibandakanya:
- Isifo se-von Hippel-Lindau : Abantu abane-syndrome banomngcipheko omkhulu kakhulu we-cellular renal carcinoma (malunga nama-40 ekhulwini abantu bahlakulela lesi sifo), ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-VHL gene
- I-hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma
- I-leyomyoma-renal cell-renal cell carcinoma
- Isifo seBirt-Hogg-Dube
- I-Cowden syndrome
- Tuberous sclerosis
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. I-Cancer Cancer: Izinto zobungozi kunye nokukhusela. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-08/2017.
> Antoni, S., Soerjomataram, I., Moore, S. et al. Ibhanki kwi-Phenacetin inxulumene neenguqu kwiNgxelo yeCancer-Urinary Tract Cancers e-Australia. I-Australian ne-New Zealand Journal of Health Public . 2014. 38 (5): 455-8.
> Balakrishnan, M., Glover, M., Kanwal, F. et al. I-Hepatitis C kunye neengozi zeZingxowaniso ezingekho phantsi koMntu. Izifo zesifo sesifo . 2017. 21 (3): 543-554.
> Karami, S .., Indodakazi, S., Schonfeld, S. et al. Izinto ezizalisayo kunye neengozi zeKhenney Cancer kwi-2 US Studies Cohort, ngo-1993-2010. I-American Journal ye-Epidemiology . 2013. 177 (12): 1368-77.