Imiqondiso kunye neempawu zomdlavuza wezintso eziqaphelisa abantu kunye noogqirha babo ukuba zikhona ziye zatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yamuva. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-classic triad yeentlungu zeplanki, igazi kumchamo, kunye nobunzima kwi-flank ziqhelekileyo. Namhlanje, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziyi-anemia, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo, ukulahleka kwesidlo, kunye nomkhuhlane.
Ukongezelela, ukusasazeka komhlaza wesifo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (isifo se-metastatic) sinika izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo (ezifana nokukhwehlela okanye iintlungu zethambo) kuma-20 ekhulwini ukuya kwi-30 ekhulwini labantu.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Kwizigaba zokuqala zomhlaza weengso, zikho impawu ezimbalwa, kwaye ezininzi izifo zixilongwa ngoku kusekelwe kwiingcali kunye nezifundo zokucinga ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zivele.
IAnemia
I-anemia okwangoku iyona nto ibonisa umdlavuza wezintso, kwaye ikhona kuma-20 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini abantu abaxilongwa. Iinjongo zenza iprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin, ekhuthaza ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zamathambo emnzini wethambo (kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoiesis). Ngomdlavuza weentso, ukunciphisa umveliso wale protein kubangela inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-anemia).
Ngokwahlukileyo, abanye abantu banokuthi babe nebala elibomvu lamanzi ebomvu (i-erythrocytosis) ngenxa yokuveliswa kwemveliso ye-erythropoietin ngamaseli omhlaza wengqondo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-paraneoplastic syndrome-iimpawu ezivela ngenxa yezinto okanye iirmone eziveliswa ngamaseli omhlaza (kuxutyushwa ngezantsi).
Igazi kwi-Urine
Igazi emthini (i-hematuria) sisifo esiqhelekileyo somhlaza wesifo, esenzeka ubuncinane kwisiqingatha sabantu abafunyaniswa ngethuba elithile. Oko kwathiwa, malunga neepesenti ezili-10 kuphela zabantu abanempawu zeklasi eziqhelekileyo zegazi kwimvini, ubuhlungu beentlanzi, kunye nobukhulu bomnxeba ngexesha lokuxilongwa, kwaye xa zikhoyo, i-tumor isele isasazeka (i-metastasized).
I-Urine ingabonakala ibe yigazi (ebizwa ngokuba "i-hematuria epheleleyo"), i-moderation, kwaye ibangela i-pinki nje kuphela kumchamo, okanye inokuba yinto encinci ukuze ibonwe kuphela kwi- urinalysis .
I-Flank Pain
Ubuhlungu buya kwenzeka emva, kwicala, okanye esiswini, kwaye luyakwazi ukuhluka kumxhesho obuqhetseba ukuya kwiintlungu ezibukhali. Ubuhlungu kwiplanki eyenzeka ngaphandle kokulimala ngokusoloko kufuneka kwenziwe uphando. Phantse ama-40 ekhulwini labantu abanomdla weengtso zeengtso ngexesha elithile kwisigaba sesifo sabo, kodwa ubuhlungu bentlungu buba yinto engaphantsi kakhulu njengento ebonisa ngayo isifo.
I-Flank Mass (Emuva, ecaleni, okanye eBimbilini)
Ubuninzi bomlenze (inkunzi kwicala, ngasemva, okanye ngesisu) kuye kwaphawulwa ngamaphesenti angama-45 abantu abanomdlavuza wezintso kwezinye iingcaphephe, nangona kungabonakali rhoqo njengempawu zokuqala kunexesha elidlulileyo. Naliphi na izibonda kule ndawo, nokuba ucinga ukuba enye yezinto ezixhaphakileyo ezinamafutha ezivela ubudala, kufuneka zijongwe ngugqirha wakho.
Ukungafihleki komzimba
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenaluliso ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo womhlaza wesifo, owenzeka kwiindawo ezimalunga nesithathu kubantu ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Kucaciswa njengelahleko lama-5 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kwesisindo somzimba ngaphezu kweenyanga ezili-6 ukuya kweenyanga ezili-12.
Ngokomzekelo, ukulahleka kweepounds ezili-10 kwiipounds ezingama-200 kwinyanga engama-6, okwenzeka ngaphandle kokutshintsha kokutya okanye ukuzivocavoca, kuya kuthathwa njengento engalindelekanga okanye engenzi lutho.
Ukongeza kwimihlaza yesifo, kukho imimiselo enzima ehambelana nale mpawu, kwaye abantu kufuneka bahlale bebona ugqirha xa belahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzama.
Ukukhathala
Ukukhathala kuyenzeka nakwi-third-quarters of people diagnostic diagnosis. Ukukhathala komhlaza , ngokungafani nokukhathala okuqhelekileyo, kunokuba kunzulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kudlula ixesha. Akunjalo uhlobo lokukhathala oluphucula ngobusuku obuhle bokulala okanye indebe encinci yekhofi.
Cachexia
I-Cachexia yi-syndrome ebonisa ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukulahleka kwesidlo, kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo somzimba. Kucinga ukuba i-cachexia ikhona malunga nama-30 ekhulwini abantu abaxilongwa ngumhlaza weengtso. Ukongezelela ekubeni ngumqondiso wokubonisa, kukholelwa ukuba iyona nto ibangela ukufa kubantu abangama-20 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza kwaye kufanelekile kunye noogqirha bakho xa bekhona.
Ukulahleka kwesidlo
Ukulahleka kwesidlo, okanye ngaphandle kwe-cachexia okanye ukulahleka kwesisindo, ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo womhlaza wesifo. Abantu bangaqaphela ukuba abalambileyo, okanye endaweni yoko, banokuziva bezele ngokukhawuleza xa besidla.
Fever
Umkhuhlane (ubushushu obunama-digre angama-100.4 degrees F) ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo womhlaza wesifo, owenzeka kwi-3% yabantu ngexesha loxilongo. Umkhuhlane unokuqhubeka, okanye endaweni yoko, ufike kwaye uhambe, kodwa uvela ngaphandle kwempawu ebonakalayo yentsholongwane. Umkhuhlane ongenayo inkcazelo ( umkhuhlane wesimo esingaziwa ) usoloko ufanele u tyelele ugqirha wakho.
Igazi elonyukayo
Izintso zivelisa amahomoni adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukunyamezela kwengcinezelo yegazi kungabonakalisa uphawu lomhlaza wengqondo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqhubeka kwengcinezelo yegazi kunokukhokelela ekuveliseni intlungu engakumbi.
Ukuvuvukala kwi-Ankles neLegs
Izintso zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukulinganisela kwamanzi (kunye ne-electrolytes) emzimbeni. Umhlaza wesifo (kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo) zingaphazamisa lo mgaqo, okukhokelela ekugcinweni kwamanzi okubonakalayo njengokukhukhuma ezinyaweni, ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni.
Ukuqhuma
Ukuqhuma, okanye iziqephu apho ulusu luba lubomvu, kunye nomva wokufudumala (okanye ukutshisa) ubuso, intamo, okanye iindawo eziphambili, luphawu olunokwenzeka. Kukho ezininzi ezinokubangela umdlavuza (ezinobungozi) ezibangela ukuxhamla, kunye nenye imithi yomhlaza. Qaphela ukuba le mpawu iyenzeka ngaphezu kokunye.
Iimpawu zeMetastases
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhankanya iimpawu zesifo somhlaza weesifo esasasazekayo (i- metastasized ) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengoko iimpawu ezinxulumene nale mizila zibonakalisa iimpawu ze-20 ukuya kwi-30 ekhulwini zabantu abafumene isifo.
Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-30 abantu anesifo esiphambili ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Umdlavuza weezintso usoloko usasazeka kwimiphunga, amathambo kunye nengqondo, kwaye kunokukhokelela kule miqondiso elandelayo.
Isiqhamo
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo yimiqondiso eqhelekileyo yomdlavuza isasazeka kwimiphunga . Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ziquka ukuvuthwa, ukukhupha igazi , okanye intlungu kwisifuba, emagxeni, okanye emva.
Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
Ukuphefumula okuqhelekileyo ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo womhlaza wesifo, zombini njengesigqirha somhlaza osasazeka kwimiphophu nangenxa yokuphelelwa kwegazi. Ekuqaleni, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunokuvela kuphela kumsebenzi, kwaye kunokugqithiswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuphuma kwimilo, ukufumana ubunzima, okanye ukuguga.
I-Bone Pain
Amathambo yindawo yesibini exhaphakileyo yomhlaza wesifo seminstases (emva kwemiphunga). Iintlungu zesifo se-metastase ziba nzima, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo azidibene naluphi na uhlobo lokulimala. Ngamanye amaxesha isibonakaliso sokuqala somhlaza sisiqhekeza kwindawo ebuthathaka.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Kukho ambalwa ambalwa kodwa iimpawu ezahlukileyo ezihambelana nomhlaza wesifo.
Varicocele
I-varicocele yi-vein wided vein (varicose vein) eyenzeka kwi-scrotum okanye i-testicle. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuvuvukala, intlungu, kunye nokuqhaqhalwa kwetekisi. Ininzi idla ngokuqhubekayo ngakwesokudla, i-varicocele ehambelana nomdlavuza weengtso ayisukeki xa umntu elele.
Izimpawu zeParanoplastic
I-Paraneoplastic syndromes ziyiqela leempawu ezivela ngenxa yokuveliswa kwamahomoni okanye ezinye izinto ngeeseli zesisu. Ngomdlavuza wezintso, ezi zi-syndromes zingakhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini eneempawu ezifana neentlanzi kunye nokuhlanza, ubuthathaka kunye nokudideka, isibalo se-red cells esiphezulu (i-erythrocytosis), kunye nokwanda kwimivavanyo yokusebenza kwesibindi nangona i-tumor ayisasazelanga kwisibindi (Stauffer syndrome).
Iingxaki
Kukho ubuninzi beengxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yesifo somhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi ziyakwenzeka nangaphambi kokuxilongwa, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka xa i-tumor iphambili. Zingenzeka ngenxa yesisu ngokwalo, ngenxa yonyango lwe-tumor, okanye ngenxa yesifo se-metastatic.
Hlalani nikhumbule ukuba abaninzi abantu abanakufumana zonke ezi nkxwaleko, kwaye abaninzi abantu abanakuphi na oku. Zixutyushwa apha ukuze abantu banako ukuxhotyiswa kwiinkonzo zabo zezempilo kunye nokuqonda ngezinto ezinokuthi zixhalabele.
Hross Hematuria
I-Urine egazini egazinikileyo ibonakala ingaphantsi nje njengempawu zokuqala zomhlaza wezintso, kodwa kwenzeka ekugqibeleni malunga nesiqingatha sabantu. Ingangethusa kakhulu ukuzulazula ngokukhawuleza inani elikhulu legazi, kodwa unyango olukhawulezayo lunokulawula ukulahla.
Pleural Effusion
Xa umhlaza wengqondo usasazeka kwimiphunga okanye umbane wemiphunga, kunokubangela ukwakhiwa kwamanzi phakathi kweembrane ezifaka imiphunga ( pleura ). Xa kukho iiseli zomhlaza, oku kuthethwa ngokuba ngumonakalo onobuhlungu onobubele . Ngamanye amaxesha umthamo omkhulu wamanzi (ilitha eziliqela) uqokelela, kubangela ukuphefumula okukhulu.
Inqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-thoracentesis ibandakanya ukubeka inaliti enhle ngesikhumba eludongeni lwesifuba kunye nesigxina sokukhupha umkhuhlane. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kungaphinda kuqhutywe kwaye kungaphathwa kunye nekathetha yesikhalazo esingahlaliyo (i-shunt evumela ukuba amanzi aqhubekileyo aqhubekileyo) okanye inqubo apho i-substance enomsindo (talc) ifakwa phakathi kweembrane ezibangela ukuba zidibane kunye ukuze asikwazi ukuqokelela (i- pleurodesis ).
Izahlulelo zePathological
Intlungu yesifo ingaba uphawu lokuqala lomhlaza wengqondo xa i-metastases ikhona. Xa umhlaza ungena kwisithambo, uyanciphisa ithambo kwaye kunokubangela ukuba i-fractures ingabi ncinane okanye ingabi nantlungu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizifucu ze-pathologic .
Xa umhlaza wengqondo usasazeka kumqolo ongaphantsi, i-microfractures emgodini ingakhokelela ekuhleni kwe-vertebrae uze ucinezele kwiingcambu zentliziyo, obangela ukunyanzeliswa kwentambo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubuthathaka kwemilenze kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesigxina kunye nokulawula isisu, kwaye yimeko engxamisekileyo yonyango.
I-Boneastast ye-Bone isuka kumdlavuza weengtso iyancipha kakhulu, idinga ingqwalasela ngokunyamekileyo intlungu, iinguqu ezikhoyo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemizwa, hypercalcemia (high blood calcium ngenxa yokuphuka kwethambo) nokunye. Ngenhlanhla, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo namhlanje ezinokunciphisa ezi ngxaki.
Igazi elonyukayo
Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, iintso zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi. Umhlaza wesibeleko ungabangela ukunyamezela kwengcinezelo yegazi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uxinzelelo lwegazi olunzima kakhulu ukulawula ( ingozi ephezulu yengozi ).
Hypercalcemia
Iqondo eliphakamileyo le-calcium lingafumaneka egazini, zombini ngenxa ye-paraneoplastic syndrome kunye ngenxa yokuphulwa kwethambo kunye neethambo zesifo. Iqondo eliphezulu le-calcium nomhlaza ( hypercalcemia ) lingakhokelela kuphela kwimpawu ezinjengezonyameko, kodwa ubuthakathaka obunzima bomzimba, ukudideka, i-coma, kunye nokufa. Oko kwathiwa, uyayiphatha ngokukhawuleza xa ifunyanwe.
I-High Red Cell Cell Count
Inani elibomvu lamaseli egazi (i- erythrocytosis ) inokwenzeka, nangona i-anemia iqhelekile ekuqaleni kwimihlaza yengqondo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yemveliso eyenziwa ngamangqamzana omhlaza weprotheni ekhuthaza umongo wethambo ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Amaseli egazi obomvu angaphezulu, angakwandisa umngcipheko wegazi, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye nokubetha, ngenxa yokuba igazi "likhulu kakhulu" (ngaphezulu kancinci).
Ukungabi Nobungozi
Umhlaza wesibeleko unokuchaphazela isibindi kokubili ukusasazeka komhlaza kunye nenye ye-paraneoplastic syndrome. Ekubeni isibindi sihlunga igazi, njengokuba iinjongo, ukudibanisa kwesibindi kunye nokukhubazeka kweengso kunokubangela ukuqokelela kweetekisi egazini, okukhokelela ekudidekeni, utshintsho lomntu, utshintsho lwemoya, nokunye.
Iingxaki Zonyango
Unyango lomhlaza wesifo unokubandakanya ukususa inxalenye okanye zonke iinjongo. Le yinkqubo ephambili yokugonywa kwaye inokubangela iintsikelelo zentliziyo, i-stroke, i-pulmary embolism (i-clot ephuka emlenzeni kwaye ihamba emiphakeni), i-pneumonia, okanye ukulimala ngexesha lotyando, njengesibindi, i-pleen, i-pancreas, okanye isilonda. Ukukhulelwa kwisisu kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi kuya kwenzeka.
Ugqirha unzima kakhulu xa i-tumor iqhubela ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-veal vein, kwaye idla ngokufuna udokotela ogqirha ogxininisekile kwisifo se-vascular (njengesifo sobuchopho-ntliziyo) ukususa umhlaza. Uphando luye lwaphucuka, kwaye iingxaki zimbalwa kuncinci kunokuba zenzeke, ngokukodwa ngeendlela ezinokungabonakali ezincinci ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, njenge-laparoscopic nephrectomy (ukususwa kweentso ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezincinci kwiisisu kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo). Ukuba uqhubeka nokuhlinzwa, kholosa iqela lakho lonakekelo lwezempilo kunye nelizwi naziphi na iinkxalabo onokuba nazo.
Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Renal
Ekubeni ukuhlinzwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukususa iinjongo, okanye ubuncinci inxalenye yeentliziyo, oku kushiya iinjongo ezilodwa kuphela ezisemva. Ukongezelela, ezinye zonyango ezisetyenziselwa umhlaza wengqondo, kunye nemithi, kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwizintso ezisele, ezikhokelela ekuphelelweni kwezintso . Ukuba ukungafihli kweengtso kubakho, i-dialysis ingadingeka (okanye ukutshintshwa kwezintso xa kuyisifo somhlaza wesifo).
Ngexesha lokujonga uDokotela wakho
Ukuba unayo impawu ekhankanywe ngasentla, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho. Uninzi lweempawu zomhlaza weengtso zinobangela obuninzi, kodwa kukho ezinye izizathu ezinzulu ukuba unokuba nazo ezi mpawu.
Iimpawu zindlela yethu yomzimba yokubonisa ukuba into ephosakeleyo. Kunokuba uloyike kwaye ungayinaki, yenza isenzo ukuze ufumene ukuba kutheni kwenzeke ukuze ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo nexesha elifanelekileyo. Thetha ugqirha uze ubuze imibuzo. Ukuba ungenayo iimpendulo, cinga ukufumana umbono wesibini.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. I-Cancer Cancer: Izimpawu kunye neMpawu. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-08/2017. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/symptoms-and-signs
> Lara, Primo N., no-Eric Jonasch. Iinqununu zeChincer Cancer and Practice . I-Springer International Publishing, 2015.
> Sadeghian, A., Rouhana, H., Oswald-Stumpf, B., no-E. Boh. I-Etiologies kunye noLawulo lwe-Cutaneous Flusihng: Izizathu ezimbi. Umbhalo we-American Academy of Dermatology . 2017. 77 (3): 405-414.
> Umer, M., Mohib, Y., Atif, M., noMnu Nazim. I-Skeletal Metastasis kwi-Renal Cell Carcinoma: Ukuphononongwa. Ama-Annal of Medicine and Surgery (eLondon) . 2018. 27: 9-16.