Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luguquka ngokufa
I-hypertension eyingozi kakhulu yindlela enzulu yokuxinzelelo lwegazi okwenza umonakalo kwelinye iqumrhu okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona iinqabileyo-ezichaphazela kuphela iipesenti enye zabantu abaneembali zegazi eliphezulu-uxinzelelo olubi kakhulu lunokubangela ukuba umonakalo ongenakuguquka kunye nokufa ukuba awunakuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ixinzelelo olubi kakhulu luchazwa njengengcinezelo yegazi efunda ngaphezu kwe-180/120.
Ngokwahlukileyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo luyinto engaphantsi kwama-140/90.
Nangona zonke iinjongo ezinkulu zegungu zisengozini yokulimala kwisiganeko esinobungozi obubi, izintso, amehlo, ubuchopho, kunye nentliziyo zizona zilungele ukulimala. Ingozi ephezulu yomshuwalense ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kubangela ukuphuka kwemithambo encinci yegazi emzimbeni.
Iimbangela ze-Hypertension
Iimbangela zesifo sengxakeko esichengileyo asiqondanga kakuhle. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kubonakala ngathi yiphumo lezinto ezinobangela ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo:
- Ukuyeka imishanguzo yegazi ephezulu
- Imbali yokuhluleka kweengso okanye isifo se-stenosis (ukuxinwa kweengxaki zeentliziyo)
- Ukuxinzelela kwixesheni ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye iingxaki ezithile ezinokukhulelwa ezifana ne-preeclampsia
- Abantu abaneesifo se-collagen vascular njenge- scleroderma
- Ukuxhamla kwi-adrenal gland
Nangona imbali yexinzelelo lwegazi ephezulu ithathwa njengeyona nto ingundoqo kumngcipheko, enye, izinto ezingahambelani ngokupheleleyo zingabangela isiganeko esibi kakhulu.
Ezi ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni (ezifana ne-cocaine okanye i-methamphetamine), iipilisi zokulawula ukuzala, ukuxhwaleka kwentloko, kunye nokulimala kwentambo yomgudu.
Ezinye zezinto ezinokuthi zingabangela isizathu sokuba abantu abatsha banamathele kwingozi yengozi ephezulu kunabantu abadala. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu abadala asebekhulile banokuthi bangabikho kwiziyobisi ezinxamnye nokuxinzeleleka kwegazi kwaye banciphise umngcipheko wabo.
Iimpawu ze-Hypertension ezimbi
Ngenxa yokuba ingozi ephezulu yempembelelo yentsholongwane ichaphazela iinjongo ezona zinzulu kwiinguqulelo zengcinezelo yegazi, impawu zixhomekeka kakhulu kwindawo yokulimala kwe-vascular. Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Umbono ogqabileyo
- Intloko
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Intliziyo engavumelekanga
- Zihluthe
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukulinganisa, ukuphazamiseka, ukutshisa, okanye ukukhutshwa kwesikhumba
- Ukutyhafa okanye isisu
- Ukunciphisa umchamo
- Isihlunu okanye ukuhlanza
- Ingqondo yengqondo
- Ama-capillari e-retinal ebandayo
- Ukuxhamla
Nangona ezi zibonakalisi zingezona zodwa kwixinzelelo olubi, zidibene nenani leemeko ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlasela kwentliziyo, ukuphazamiseka, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwezintso. Ngenxa yesi sizathu sodwa, iimpawu ezinjengalezi akufanele zinyanzeliswe.
Ukunyanga I-Hypertension Eyingozi
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sengxakeko esichengileyo senziwa ngokuthatha uxinzelelo lwegazi lomntu. Abo bafunyaniswe kufuneka bavunyelwe ngokukhawuleza esibhedlele ukuze baqwalaselwe ngokuthe ngqo kunye nonyango. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko enzulu ngayo, ukungeniswa kwinkathalo enzulu kunokufuneka.
Izidakamizwa ezingenakuthi ziza kusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa kancane ingcinezelo yegazi, kuquka ne-nitroprusside ye-sodium kunye ne-nitroglycerin. Iintso, ubuchopho, kunye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo nazo zikwahlolwa ngokukhawuleza ukuvavanya naziphi na izitenxo ezifuna ukungenelela ngongxamiseko.
Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, ukusetyenziswa kwegazi kungasetyenziswa ukuba iziyobisi ezingenakusebenza ngokukhawuleza.
Emva kokuzinzileyo, iimvavanyo zengcamango zinokuyalelwa ukuba zikhangele nayiphi na ukuphuma kwegazi okanye ukulimala. Ezi zibandakanya i-ultrasound, i- computed tomography (CT) yokukhangela , okanye i-IMRI) .
Emva kokuba umntu ezinzileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba akhululwe, iziyobisi ezinxamnye negazi ezinjenge- beta blockers okanye i-ACE inhibitors zinokumiselwa ukuba zingekabikho.
> Imithombo:
> Cremer, A .; Amraoui, F .; Lip, G. et al. "Ukususela kwixinzelelo olubi kakhulu kwi-hypertension-MOD: inkcazo yanamhlanje yexesha elidala kodwa liyingozi." Umbhalo we-Human Hypertension. 2016; 30: 463-466.
> Kessler, C. kunye noJoudeh, Y. "Ukuvavanya nokuPhathwa kwe-Hypertension eyingozi kakhulu." WaseMerika ugqirha. 2010; 81 (4): 470-476.