Ukwahlulelwa Kukhokela unyango lwe-High Blood Pressure
Uxinzelelo lwegazi lento into oogqirha bethu bathetha ngaso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Sivakala ngokucacileyo ukuba ukunyanga kwengcinezelo yegazi akulungile kwaye ukuba ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi kuyingozi. Kodwa, ngaphaya koko, indlela kunye nokuthi kungani ixinzelelo lwegazi inokudideka kubantu abaninzi, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwinto esithethayo ngempilo yethu yexesha elide.
Ukuqonda Uxinzelelo lwegazi
Uxinzelelo lwegazi nje kuphela ukulinganisa kwamandla egazini ephikisana neendonga zemithambo yethu yegazi.
Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luphakamileyo, sibizwa ngokuba yi- hypertension . Xa liphantsi, sibhekisela kulokho njenge- hypotension .
Ukuxhalabisa ngexinzelelo lwegazi kukuba ukuba uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo ludinga ukuba intliziyo yethu isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Olu xinzelelo oluphezulu lunceda ekuphuhlisweni kwe- atherosclerosis (ukuqina kwama-arriyo). Iingxaki zibandakanya izifo ze-coronary disease (CAD) , izifo zesifo se-cerebrovascular, nesifo sesifo.
Ukunyuka kwegazi
Ukuba umntu uphakamise uxinzelelo lwegazi, ugqirha uya kubonisa ukuba unobungozi obuncitshiswayo (ukubonisa umngcipheko wexinzelelo ophezulu), isigaba 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu ( ukunyuka komgangatho ophantsi ukuya kumodareyitha), isigaba se-2 somfutho wexinzelelo (ukulinganisela ukuya phezulu), okanye ingxaki ephezulu ( kujongwe ingxamiseko).
Ugqirha uya kwenza oko nje ngokuthatha uxinzelelo lwegazi nokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-systolic (uxinzelelo ngexesha lentliziyo) kunye noxinzelelo lwe - diastolic (uxinzelelo phakathi kweentliziyo).
Uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiswa ngokwemithamitha ye-mercury, echazwe ngumqondiso mmHg. Ngokusekelwe kule milinganiselo, ugqirha uya kuchaza uxinzelelo lwegazi olusekelwe kwiimpawu ezihlukeneyo ze-systolic kunye ne-diastolic.
Ukuxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo, oku kuya kuguqulela kwisinyxipu se-systolic ngaphantsi kwe-120 mmHg kunye noxinzelelo lwe-diastolic ngaphantsi kwe-80 mmHg.
Ngokomzekelo, inani le-systolic le-110 kunye ne-diastolic xabiso lama-70 liza kuchazwa ngokuthi "i-110 ngaphezu kwe-70" kwaye ibhaliwe ngokuthi "110/70 mmHg."
Kutheni kubandakanywa izigqeba ezibalulekileyo
Isisigxina sexinzelelo lwengcinezelo sinceda ukukhokela kwinkqubo yokonyango kwaye iqikelela ukuba isiphumo (ukuxela).
Isigaba soku-1 i-hypertension ibalulekile kuba umda apho imeko iphathwa ngayo ngamachiza. Akufani nokuxiliswa kwegazi xa izigulane ziza kucetyiswa ukuba zitshintshe indlela yokuphila ngokusebenzisa, ukulahlekelwa ubunzima, nokunciphisa ukunyusa kwamafutha.
Izigaba zengcinezelo yokhuseleko zilandelayo:
- I-hypertension: i-120 ukuya kwi-139 ngaphezu kwe-80 ukuya kwi-89 mmHg
- Isigaba 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu: 140 ukuya ku-159 ngaphezu kwe-90 ukuya kuma-99 mmHg
- Isigaba sesi-2 soxinzelelo lwegazi: 160 mm okanye ngaphezulu kwe 100 okanye ngaphezulu mmHg
- Inkathazo ephezulu: Iphakamileyo kune-180 ngaphezu kwe-110 mmHg
Kubantu abangamashumi ama-60 nangaphezulu, ixabiso liya kutshintshwa ukuze lenze utshintsho lwezemvelo oluthathwa ngokuguga. Kulo mzekelo, umda wesigaba 1 somfutho wexinzelelo luza kubalwa njengaphezulu kwe-150/90 mmHg.
Iimpawu zeNqanaba 1 lokuxinzelela kwegazi
Ngelixa abantu abaneganga lokushushumbisa ingozi liza kubakho ukubonakalisa ngaphandle kwempawu zangaphandle, oku akufanele kuchaze ukuba akukho ingxaki. Njengesifo esiqhubekayo, uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo luya kuba lubi kakhulu xa izizathu ezingundoqo zingabhekiswa kakuhle.
Ukuba umonakalo ubangelwa ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwesifo, kuya kubakho ukungahlawuluki.
Ngexa isigaba 1 somfutho wexinzelelo luhlala sisifo "esingabonakaliyo", iziganeko ngezinye izihlandlo zingenzeka, kubandakanywa:
- Intloko
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Utywala
- Zihluthe
Akukho nanye yeempawu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba ziyaqhubeka, ziphindaphinda, okanye ziyanda. Ukufunyaniswa kwengcinezelo yegazi elula yinto efunekayo ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa.
Unyango lwe-Hypertension
Injongo yonyango kwisigaba 1 isifo kukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lomntu phantsi kwe-140/90 mmHg. Ukuba umntu unesifo sikashukela okanye unesifo sesigulo esingasigxina, ithagethi iya kuba yancinci ukuya kwi-130/80 mmHg.
Kukho konke, unyango luya kubandakanya iyeza ezimbini ezithathwe kwiiklasi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zamachiza, kuquka:
- Thiazide diuretics ("iipilisi zamanzi")
- ACE inhibitors
- I-Angiotensin receptor blockers
- Beta-blockers
- Abagcini bezithuthi zeCalcium
- Renin inhibitors
Njengoko usebenza ngokufanelekileyo njengoko izidakamizwa zingaba, unyango luya kufuna ukuba ulungise izinto ezinokuguqulwa kwigalelo legazi. Oku kuquka, phakathi kwezinye izinto umda we-sodium kunye namafutha azalisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ukumodareyitha kokutya kotywala, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu mhlawumbi, ukuyeka ukutshaya.
Ngaphandle kokwenza oku kutshintshwa, ukukwazi kwakho ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunokunciphisa kakhulu, ingakumbi njengoko ukhula.
> Umthombo:
> Gulec, S. "Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwinqanaba lokunyanga kwegazi 1: Yiyiphi imigaqo esimele siyilandele?" J Am Soc Hyper. 2014; 8 (5): 358. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.jash.2014.02.005.