IiHormones zeeNtsholongwane eziLawula uxinzelelo lwegazi
Inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin iqela lamahomoni ahlobene asebenza kunye ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo kuba inxalenye nganye ithonya ezinye iindawo kwaye zonke ziyimfuneko ukuba yonke isebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin, esebenzisana kunye neentso, yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yexesha elide lokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Nangona iinguqu zengcinezelo zegazi zangexesha elifutshane zibangelwa ziinkalo ezahlukeneyo, phantse zonke iinguqu zengcinezelo yegazi ede elide zixanduva lweentso kunye ne-renin-angiotensin system.
I-System ye-Renin-Angiotensin isebenza njani?
Amalungu abalulekileyo kwenkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin yile:
- URenin
- Angiotensin I
- Angiotensin II
- I-Angiotensin Ukuguqula i-Enzyme (ACE)
Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luhla ngenxa yezizathu, iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezintsheni zibona ukutshintsha nokukhupha i-renin kwigazi. URenin ngokwayo ayithinteli kakhulu uxinzelelo lwegazi . Esikhundleni salo, ijikeleza kwaye iguqula iifomu ezingasebenziyo ze-angiotensin zibe yi-angiotensin I. Ezi ndlela ezingasebenziyo ze-angiotensin, eziveliswa sisibindi, azikwazi ukuguqula uxinzelelo lwegazi kude kube yilapho iguqula i-angiotensin I.
I-Angiotensin Ndiyakwazi ukuguqula uxinzelelo lwegazi kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa alinamandla okwaneleyo ukudala utshintsho olukhulu.
Kunoko, ininzi ye-angiotensin ndiguqulwa ibe yi-angiotensin II, i-hormone enamandla kakhulu eyenza utshintsho olukhulu kwixinzelelo legazi. Ukuguqulwa kwesi sibini kwenzeka kakhulu kwimiphunga ngokusebenzisa isenzo somnye i-molecule ebizwa nge-angiotensin-guqula i-enzyme (ACE). (Olu tshintsho luya kugqitywa ngamachiza abizwa ngokuba yi-ACE Inhibitors, uhlobo olubalulekileyo lwemithi yexinzelelo yegazi .)
I-Angiotensin II yi-hormone eqinile kwaye inokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwimithambo yegazi ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Inomnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-aldosterone. I-Aldosterone yi- vasoconstrictor enamandla kakhulu ebangela ukunyuka okukhulu kwixinzelelo lwegazi kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi kuba inokutshintsha ngokwenene umsebenzi wokuhlunga othotyelweyo. I-Aldosterone ibangela ukuba izintso zigcine ityuwa kunye namanzi, okwenza emva kwexesha lwandise inani lomkhuhlane emzimbeni. Olu konyuka, kwakhona luphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Emva kwexesha elithile, i-angiotensin I, i-angiotensin II, ne-aldosterone idilizwe kwezinye iimolekyuli. Inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin, ngokubanzi, iyaphendula kokubini kwexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide kwixinzelelo legazi. Isebenza ngokuxakeka ngokukhawuleza kwixinzelelo legazi, njengaleyo eyenzeka emva kokulahleka kwegazi, kodwa iphinde ivuselelwe yincinci yegazi, ingaphantsi kwengcindezelo.
Njengomlawuli wexesha elide loxinzelelo lwegazi, inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin inomgangatho osisiseko wokwenziwa komsebenzi, kwaye ngokwenene isebenza ngokufana ne-gas pedal yemoto. Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwi-gas pedal kuyadingeka ukuba igcine imoto iya phambili, nangona ufuna nje ukuhamba ngesantya esinye.
Ukuba ufuna, nangona kunjalo, unokuchukumisa i-pedal phantsi ngokukhawuleza ukuze ukhawulezise ngokukhawuleza. Ngokufanayo, umsebenzi oqhubekayo kwinkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin igcina uxinzelelo lwegazi lugxininisekile kwixesha elide, kodwa ukuqhuma kwangoko kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza xa kuphendulwa ngokukhawuleza.
Kutheni i-Renin-Angiotensin System ebalulekileyo kwi-High Blood Pressure?
Amaphepha enzululwazi, iintetho zeenkomfa, kunye neencwadi ezipheleleyo ezibhalwe ngokubaluleka kwenkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin kwinkqubo yegazi. Le ngingqi ebalulekileyo yophando eyenziwa ngabanye besayensi abanolwazi abanamakhono kwihlabathi.
Inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin ithola ingqwalasela enkulu kuba iyaziwa ngokuba yinto ebalulekileyo enokusinceda siqonde:
- Kutheni abantu bephakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kakhulu
- Kutheni abanye abantu bengaphenduli kakuhle kwiinkqubo eziphezulu zonyango lwegazi
- Kutheni abanye abantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi beba nobunzima obukhulu kunezinye
Ngokomzekelo, izigulane zase-Afrika naseMerika ezinexinzelelo lwegazi ngokuthe rhoqo aziphenduli kakuhle kwi-ACE inhibitors njengamanye amayeza. Oku kwenzeka ukuba abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika banomgangatho ohlukeneyo womsebenzi kwinkqubo yabo ye-renin-angiotensin, nto leyo eyenza ukuba bangacinci kwiziyobisi ezisebenza ngokukhusela inkqubo.
Uninzi lwezonyango eziphezulu zonyango lwezonyango luye lwaphuhliswa njengesiphumo esicacileyo sokuqonda kwethu inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin. Ngokumalunga ne-ACE inhibitors, ezenza ukuguqulwa kwe-angiotensin Ndiya ku-angiotensin II, ezinye iziyobisi zisebenza ngokujolisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo. I-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) , umzekelo, thintela i-angiotensin I kunye ne-angiotensin II ukubophelela kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kubangele i-vasoconstriction.
Nangona iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zenkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin zisafunyanwa, ukuqonda kwethu le ndlela ebalulekileyo yokulawula sele sele kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni unyango oluphezulu lwezonyango lwegazi kunye nokuqonda okungcono indlela yokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphezu kwexesha elide.