Uhlaziyo lweSiphumo soHlelo lwe-Urinalysis
Enye yeemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo eziqhutywe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okanye ngexesha lokubhedlelelwa ngumbhedlele. Uvavanyo luqheleke kakhulu kwiiklinikhi nakwiiofisi zonyango, njengoko zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga enye yezifo eziqhelekileyo eMelika: ukusuleleka kwe-urinary tract. Ngoxa ukulawula ukusuleleka kwe-urinary isifo esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo ukuba olu vavanyo luvame ukuqhutywa, kwenzelwa ukuvavanya umsebenzi wezintso-inxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvavanya ukhuseleko lokunika i-anesthesia yesigulane nokuqinisekisa ukuba izintso ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza kakuhle emva kwenkqubo.
Uvavanyo lwe-Urinalysis
Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis kuthatha isampuli yomchamo kunye nokuhlalutya umxholo kunye nokwenza imichiza. Nangona oko kuqhutyelwa kuqala phambi kotyando ukufumanisa nayiphi na ingxaki yeengxaki ezinokuthi zikhona, ukuvuthwa kwe-urinalysis kungenziwa kwiofisi yakho yonyango ukuba isifo sosulelo, ukusuleleka kwintlungu , okanye olunye umba ukhankanywe. Ukuvuthwa kwe-urinalysis akufanele kudibaniswe nokuhlolwa kweziyobisi zomchamo, okuhlola umchamo ngokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezingekho mthethweni.
Ixesha elithi urinalysis lithetha ngokubanzi ukuhlola umchamo, kodwa kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemvavanyo ezingenziwa. I-Urine ingahlolwa ukuba ichonge ukuba umntu usetyenzisile imithi okanye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kungekudala.
I-urinalysis ayifumaneki ukuxilongwa, oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo azifumani sisifo, kodwa kunokunxibelelana nokuvavanya okuqhubekayo ukuze kuchongwe uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwengxaki. Ngokomzekelo, u-urinalysis awukwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela , kodwa ukuba iziphumo zibonisa zombini amazinga aphezulu e-glucose kunye neetonone, uvavanyo lwesifo sikashukela luya kuba linyathelo elilandelayo.
Olu vavanyo kaninzi luyinkathelo yokuqala ekuxilongeni iingxaki zeengtso, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziza kubakho kwiimvavanyo zegazi kunye nokucinga (njenge-CT scan) ukuba iimeko zentsholongwane zikhankanywa.
Ukufumana iSample Urample
Isampuli yesisombululo sinokuqokelelwa ngumguli ngokwawo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokutshintshela kwisitya esinyumba, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukubamba okucocekileyo." Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiguli siyacelwa ukuba siqale ukuvota, kwaye emva kokuba umlambo sele uqalise kwaye imizuzwana embalwa yokugeleza ilahliwe, isampuli iqokelelwa.
Unokunikezwa ukucoca ukucoca ukusebenzisa ngaphambi kokuqokelela isampuli. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcola kwesikhumba.
Ukuba isigulane sinekhenta likaFoley , umhlengikazi uqokelela isampuli kwi-tubing ngaphambi kokuba umchamo ufumane isikhwama sokuqokelela.
I-Urinalysis Testing Phase One: Uvavanyo lweZiboniso
Ukuhlolisisa umbala nokucaca kwesampula somchamo kukuhlolwa kokuqala. Isampula yomchamo ihlolwe ngokugqithisiweyo ngombala, ngo "ophuzi," "utshani," okanye "phantse umbala" oqhelekileyo kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Imibala engaqhelekanga iyakwenzeka: i-orange ingaba yempembelelo yecala lomuthi wonyango, obomdaka ne-pinki kungabonisa ukuba khona kwegazi, kunye nokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka omnyama kungathi ukuphelelwa amanzi.
I-Urinalysis Testing Phase Two: Ukuhlolwa kweMichiza
pH: Olu vavanyo lubheka izinga le-asidi kumchamo. Ixabiso eliphakamileyo kakhulu okanye eliphantsi lingabonisa umba kunye neentso.
Ubunzima bemvelo: Le nxalenye yovavanyo ibeka indlela ekugxilwe ngayo umchamo. Ukuba isigulane sinyanzelisiwe, umzekelo, ubuninzi bendawo buya kuba phezulu. Ukuba umntu uphelelwe kakuhle, umphumo ophantsi ulindeleke. Isifo sikashukela se-insipidus, imeko apho umzimba uphuma khona umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, kuya kubangela ukukhulula okuthe ngqo.
Iprotheni: Ukufumana iprotheni kumchamo akukho ukufumana okuqhelekileyo. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo kakhulu angabonisa ingxaki ngenjongo yesifo.
I-glucose: Ukufumana i-glucose kumchamo akusikho ukufumana okuqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kufumaneka kwizigulane ezineesifo sikashukela, ingakumbi xa isifo sikashukela silawulwa kakuhle.
I-Ketones: Ukufumana i-ketoni emcinini akusikho ukufumana okuqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo sikashukela yimbangela yeetononi kumchamo. Ukufunyanwa kwamaketoni kuya kubangela ukuba kuhlolwe isifo sikashukela, okanye kungabonisa imfuneko yokulawula i-glucose engcono kwisigulana sesifo sikashukela.
I-leukocytes: i- Leukocyte yimizimba yamhlophe yamhlophe.
I-leukocytes kwimvini ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa intsholongwane esedlulileyo okanye yangoku kwi-urinary tract.
Igazi: Ukuba khona kwegazi kumchamo kukufumana okungavumelekanga. Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa isizathu sokuphuma ngaphandle kokuvavanya. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukusuleleka, ukuxhwaleka, iigciwane zamathambo, umhlaza, ukuhlinzwa ngendawo yomchamo, isifo sesifo, isifo-intlungu ekufakela i-catheter ye-urinary, nezinye izizathu ezininzi.
hCG: Olu vavanyo lokukhulelwa. Kwizigulane zesiganeko, umphumo kuthiwa "awusebenzi," ngelixa abafazi baya kuba neempembelelo ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi. Ukuvuthwa kwemithi kunakho okanye kungabandakanyi uvavanyo lokukhulelwa, kuxhomekeka kukuphi ukuhlolwa kwe-urine ejwayelekile kwiziko apho uvavanyo luqhutyelwa khona kunye nantoni na ugqirha.
I-Urinalysis Testing Phase Three: I-Microscopic Exam
Isamba esincinane sesampula somchamo, ngokuqhelekileyo amaconsi ambalwa, kufakwe kwisilayidi kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba kukho ukuba kukho iiseli kumchamo obonisa ukuvela kwegazi, ukusuleleka okanye ukungcola.
Iigazi zegazi eliMhlophe (i-WBCs): Akuncinci okanye akukho i-WBC kufuneka ibe khona kumchamo. Amanani amaninzi ngokuqhelekileyo abonisa ukufumaneka kosulelo.
Iibomvu zegazi elibomvu (iiRBC): Njengamaseli egazi ezimhlophe, kufuneka kube ncinane kakhulu okanye akukho namaseli ebomvu afunyenwe kumchamo.
Ama-epithelials: Iifom ze-epithelial akufanele zibe khona kwisiqhamo somchamo. Isona esona siqhelo seeseli ze-epithelial kwisampuli yiqoqo elingalunganga lomchamo, oku kuthetha ukuba umboniso oyinyumba uhlambulukile. Ukuba ukungcola kulawulwa kwaye iiseli ze-epithelial zifunyenwe kwakhona kwisivivinyo sesibini kwisesampula eyongezelelweyo yomchamo, kuya kufuneka ukuba kuhlolwe uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukucacisa ubukho beli seli.
Ibhaktheriya: Ubukho bebhaktheriya bungabonisa intsholongwane okanye ukungcola kwesampuli.
Iiposti: Ukuphosa, okubhekiselelwe kuyo njengobomvu obomvu, omhlophe okanye we-hyaline, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala ngathi kuluhlu oluncinci lweqanda elimhlophe elimisiweyo kumchamo. Ubungqina bezinto eziqhelekileyo aluqhelekanga kwaye lunokuba luncedo lweengxaki zezintso.
Imithombo:
Urinalysis. Medline Plus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003579.htm