Ukuba igazi elilahlekileyo lilahlekile, kufuneke ukuba kutyelwe igazi
Kukho amaxesha apho abantu abanezifo zesibilini (inflammatory disease) (i-IBD) beza kufuna ukufumana igazi kumniki-mnikelo, njengokuba ngexesha locwangco okanye xa igazi elilahlekileyo lilahleka ngokuphuma kumgudu wesisu . Kukho iingozi ezibandakanyeka ekufumaneni igazi, kodwa ngokubanzi, yinkqubo enokunyamezela kwaye, njengoko sonke siyazi, ingasindisa ubomi.
Igalelo legazi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, igazi linikezelwa ngamavolontiya ahlolwayo kwaye "avunyelwe" ukunika igazi. Inkqubo yokuhlola iquka imibuzo malunga nempilo yonke kunye nangayiphi na ingozi yokugula. Igazi lithathwa kuphela kubaxhasi abakhethiweyo abanempilo ngokwaneleyo yokwenza njalo. Igazi elinikelweyo livavanywa ukujonga uhlobo (A, B, AB, okanye O) kwaye luhlolwe ukuvela kwintsholongwane ye- hepatitis (B no-C), i- HIV , i-HTLV (iintsholongwane ze-T-lymphotropic virus), i-virus yeNayile yaseNtshona, kunye I-Treponema pallidum (iibhaktheriya ezibangelwa i-syphilis).
Igazi linokuthi lithathwe kwaye ligcinwe ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elizayo , okanye linikezelwe ngesihlobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, igazi lomntu litsalwa kwaye ligcinwe kwangaphambili kutyando apho kufuneka kutyunjwe khona igazi. Oku, kunjalo, kunokwenziwa kuphela kwiimeko apho kufuneka khona ilindeleke. Izihlobo nazo zinganikela ngegazi ngokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ngumguli, nangona oku kungabhekwa njengento ekhuselekileyo kunegazi ukusuka kwivolontiya.
Inkqubo
Xa isigulane sidinga igazi, umdlalo ofanelekileyo ufunyanwa phakathi kwegazi lomnikeli. Ukuqhathaniswa kokunqamlezela kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba womzimba womntu ofumana igazi awuyi kuwenqaba. Igazi kumnikeli lihambelana nomhlobo kunye neR Rh inkalo yommkeli. Ukuhambelana ngokunqamlekileyo kuqinisekiswa ngamaxesha amaninzi, kubandakanywa kwicala lokulala lomguli, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwegazi lunikezelwa.
Ukumpontshelwa igazi kwenziwa nge-intravenously, kwaye i-unit unit (500 ml) yegazi inikwe ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-4. Ezinye iziyobisi ezinjenge- antihistamine okanye i- acetaminophen nazo zinokunikwa ukunceda ukuthintela ukuphendulwa kokumpontshelwa.
Iziganeko ezinzima
I-Febrile Non-hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. Isiganeko esona siqhelekileyo ekumpontshelwa igazi yi-reaction ye-febrile engeyi-hemolytic. Le mpendulo ingabangela iimpawu zentsholongwane, ukubola kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane, kodwa ezi zinto zizinqanda kwaye azikho ekukhombiseni ubunzima. Esi siganeko senzeka malunga ne-1% yokumpontshelwa.
I-Hemolytic Transfusion Acaction. Kwimpendulo enzima ye-hemolytic, iintsholongwane ezivela kumzimba womzimba wesigulane esifumana igazi ukuhlaselwa ngamaseli egazini kunye nokuwachitha. I-hémoglobin kwigazi lomnikeli ikhutshwe ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweseli, oku kunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwezintso. Umngcipheko wesi siganeko uqikelelwa kwi-1 nganye kwii-12,000 ukuya kuma-33,000 iiyunithi zegazi.
Impendulo yeAnaphylactic. Oku kuyinto engabonakaliyo kodwa eyingozi kakhulu engabangela ukuba ummkeli aphendule kwiplasma yomnikeli. Oku kusenokuba sisongela ubomi kwaye kunokuthi kwenzeke ngexesha lokumpontshelwa okanye emva kweeyure eziliqela emva koko.
Umngcipheko wokuphendula nge-anaphylactic ngowama-1 kwi-30,000-50,000.
Isifo esine-graft-vs-host host (GVHD). Le nkcenkcesha enqabileyo kakhulu ivela kubamkeli abathintekayo. Iingqamuzana zegazi ezimhlophe ezingahambisani nokuhlaselwa kwegazi lomniki-mfuyo wezilwanyana ze-lymphoid tissue. I-GVHD isoloko ibulalayo, kodwa le nkcenkcesho ingasenqandwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegazi elixilisiweyo. Igazi lingaxiliswa xa liza kunikwa ummkeli osemngciphekweni we-GVHD.
Sulelo.
Usulelo lwentsholongwane. Ngoxa umngcipheko wokusuleleka usulelo uyancipha ngenxa yenkqubo yokuhlola abaxhasi kunye negazi elizinikezelweyo, kusekho ingozi yezi zifo.
Umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane yentsholongwane evela kukutyalwa kweyunithi enye yegazi ingathi:
- I-Hepatitis B: 1 kwi-250,000
- I-Hepatitis C: 1 kwi-1.9 yezigidi
- I-HIV: 1 kwi-2.1 yezigidi
- I-HTLV: 1 kwi-2 yezigidi
Usulelo lwebhaktheriya. Usulelo lwebhaktheriya lunokudluliselwa xa kukho iibhaktheriya kwigazi elinikeziweyo. Igazi lingahlambulukiswa neebhaktheriya ngexesha okanye emva kokuqokelela, okanye ngexesha lokugcina. Umngcipheko wokusuleleka usuleleko lukhulu malunga ne-1 000 kwi-transfusion.
Ezinye izifo. Ezinye iintsholongwane (i-cytomegalovirus, i-herpesviruses, i-virus ye-Epstein-Barr), izifo (isifo seLyme, isifo se-Creutzfeldt-Jakob, i-brucellosis, i-leishmaniasis), kunye ne-parasites (njengalezo ezibangelwa yi-malaria kunye ne-toxoplasmosis) zinokudluliselwa ngegazi, kodwa ezi nqabile.
Imithombo:
Pall Corporation. "Ukuguqulwa kweGazi: Ukwazi iindlela zakho." BloodTransfusion.com 2009. 17 Julayi 2009.