Kutheni i-sputum Cytology eyenziwe kwaye Yintoni ekuxelela yona?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uphakamise i-cytology ye-sputum, yintoni le nto ibandakanya? Isampuli ithathwe njani? Luphi uvavanyo olucetyiswayo kwaye ziphi iimida ekuzisetyenzisweni njengesikrini somdlavuza wamaphaphu ?
Inkcazo: I-Sputum Cytology
I-sputum cytology ibhekisela kuhlolisiso lwe- sputum (mucus) phantsi kwe-microscope ukujonga amaseli angaqhelekanga okanye anomhlaza.
I-sputum, okanye i-phlegm, ibhekisela kumkhuhlane ofihliweyo ngamaseli kwiphepha elingaphantsi lokuphefumula njenge-bronchi kunye ne-trachea.
I-sputum ihluke kumathe, kuba iqulethe iiseli ezihamba ngeendinyana zokuphefumula.
Iqoqo le-Sputum
I-sputum ivame ukuqokelela ngokukhwehlela ngamandla kwisitya, okanye ngexesha le- bronchoscopy . Nangona le nkqubo ingafunyanwanga ukuba yinkqubo yokuhlola i-cancer yomphunga , xa iyenziwa kumntu onempawu, ngezinye izihlandlo kungabangela ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga.
I-Sputum Cytology Ukulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokuba ulandele isampuli yakho ye-cytology isampuli, udokotela wakho okanye umongikazi uya kukunika imiyalelo ekhethekileyo yokulandela. Ngomhla wenkqubo, uya kucela ukuhlambulula kakuhle umlomo wakho namazinyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ungasebenzisi i-toothpaste. Uyakufuna ukuvuthela impumlo phambi kwenkqubo ukuze unciphise inani lomlambo ongena phezulu.
Xa wenza le nkqubo, umongikazi uza kukunceda ufune ukuphefumula ngokujulile kunye ne-expectorate kwi-deep in your chest. Kuya kuba kubalulekile ukuvelisa umbane njengokuba ukhwehlela kunokuba uhlambe.
Abantu badla ngokuzama ukufumana isampuli ngaphezu kweyodwa, kuba kunokuba nzima ukufumana isiputham esikhundleni somthi.
I-Sputum Cytology: Ngaphantsi kweMicroscope
Emva kokuba isampuli se-sputum ifunyenwe, ijongwa phantsi kwe-microscope. Izitya ezikhethekileyo zenziwa, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuchaza ngokucacileyo oko kubonakalayo.
Ukuba iibhaktheriya zikhona, isampuli iya kufakwa kwi nkcubeko kwaye ikhule (i-culture sputum) ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yiziphi iibhaktheriya ezibangela isifo.
Iimpawu: Izizathu zokwenza uvavanyo lwe-Sputum Cytology
I-cytology ye-Sputum inokuthi ilandelwe ukuba kukho uluhlu lweempawu. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Ukukhohlela, ngakumbi ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Intlungu yeengwini (intlungu eqala kummandla wemiphunga)
- Ukungaqhelekanga kwi-x-ray okanye i-CT scan
- Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sofuba
Imiqathango enokuthi ifumaneke
I-sputum cytology inokwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe uluhlu lweemeko ezibandakanya;
I-Pneumonia: Kule nkqubo, i-pathologist iyakubona ibhaktheriya. Ngokusekelwe kwimilo ethile yebhaktheriya (nokuba ibukeka ngeenxa zonke okanye zifana neentonga,) kunye noko zibukeka ngathi zinamabala ahlukeneyo, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha i-antibiotics efanelekileyo yokuqala unyango. I-pneumonia iqala ukuphathwa ngolu hlobo ngenxa yokuba izilwanyana ezikhoyo ezikhoyo zingenakunikwa enye iingu-48 iiyure okanye ngaphezulu (xa iziphumo zenkcubeko ye-sputum zifumaneka.) I-cytology ye-sputum inokunciphisa ukhetho lwe-antibiotic echanekileyo okanye idibanti ye-antibiotic kakhulu .
Umhlaza womlenze: Nangona kungekhona ukuvavanya ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuba imitha yomhlaza wamaphaphu ifumaneka kwi-sputum, unokukunceda ukuxilonga isifo.
I-cytology ye-sputum, nangona kunjalo, ayiniki indawo yomhlaza kwaye kuya kufuneka iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu.
I-asthma: i- sputum cytology inokwenziwa kwakhona ukukhangela inani le- eosinophil kwisampuli ye-sputum. I-Eosinophil yimizimba yamhlophe yegazi ekhoyo kwiimali ezongeziweyo kunye neentlungu. Uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba ukucacisa i-ecosum eosinophil iyanceda xa kuhlanganiswe neempawu zokulungisa unyango lwe-asthma kwaye ukunciphisa inani le-asthma exacerations.
Isifo sofuba: Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-sputum cytology lunokwenziwa ukuze luhlolwe isifo sofuba .
I-Sputum Cytology kunye neLung Cancer
Nangona kufumaniswe ukuba i-cytology ye-sputum ayinelisekanga njengolu vavanyo lokuhlola, uphando luqhubeka lukhangeleka ukubona ukuba yeyiphi inxaxheba enokuthi ihlolwe ngumhlaza wemiphunga.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izicubu ngaphakathi okanye kufuphi ne-airways enkulu ziyakwazi ukuchitha amangqamuzana omhlaza kwisimo se-airways esiza kubonakala kwisampuli se-sputum.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza womphunga zitshintshile. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i- squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu kunye nomdlavuza omncinci wesifo somnxeba wawuqhelekileyo. Ezi khansela zivame ukukhula kufuphi ne-airways enkulu. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lungumaphaphu we-adenocarcinoma . Ezi ngqamana zivame ukukhula kwimimandla engaphandle yemiphunga kude ne-airways. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ukuba i-cytology ye-sputum izakudlala indima encinci kwimbonakalo yomhlaza wamaphaphu esikhathini esizayo.
Esinye isizathu sokunciphisa isidingo se-sputum cytology kukuba ngoku sinokuhlolwa kovavanyo lomhlaza wamaphaphu osebenzayo, ubuncinane kulabo bahlangabezana nemigangatho yokuhlola.
> Imithombo:
> Petsky, H., Li, A., no A. Chang. Amanyathelo angenelelo ngokusekelwe kwi-Sputum Eosinophils ngokumalunga neZikliniki zeSiklinikhi ze-Asthma ebantwaneni nakwabantu abadala. I-Cochrane Database yeeNkqubo eziPhezulu . 2017. 8: CD005603.
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. Inkcubeko yeSputum. Ukuhlaziywa 09/05/17. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003723.htm