Ngomngcipheko oqhelekileyo wamaGenesis
I-Down syndrome yintlupheko yesifo esibangelwa yisiphako kwi-chromosome 21 eyenzeka ngenxa yesahlulo seseli esingaqhelekanga. Ingxaki leyo ibangela iingxaki zengqondo kunye nophuhliso ezihluke ngokukhawuleza. Ingabangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo ezinjengeentsilelo zentliziyo.
Kukho malunga nama-400,000 aseMerika abane-Down syndrome. Ngokwe-National Down Syndrome Society, 1 kuzo zonke iintsana ezingama-691 e-United States zizalwe nge-Down syndrome.
Aba bantwana abangama-6 000 abazalwa nge-Down syndrome unyaka ngamnye. Ezi ngcaciso ezikhawulezayo ziya kukunika ukuqonda okungcono kwe-Down syndrome, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-genetic chromosomal disorder.
Izizathu
Iiseli zesintu ziqulethe ii-chromosomes ezingama-23. I-Down syndrome iphumela xa i-chromosome 21 ivelisa izinto ezibonakalayo zofuzo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlobo lwe-Down syndrome:
- Trisomy 21 . Le yinto engavamile kakhulu ye-chromosomal ebonakala kubantwana. Kuyenzeka xa umntwana ephethe iikopi ze-chromosome ezingama-21 kwiiseli zakhe endaweni yeebini. I-95 yeepesenti ze-Down syndrome. I-chromosome eyongezelelweyo ivela kumama i-88 ekhulwini yexesha kunye no-12 ekhulwini wexesha.
- I-Mosaic Down syndrome . Ifomu engavumelekanga ye-Down syndrome ibhalela i-2 ukuya kwi-3 ekhulwini yamatyala. Ezinye, kungekhona zonke, iiseli zinekhophi eyongezelelweyo ye-chromosome 21.
- Utshintsho lwe-Down syndrome . I-Chromosome 21 ifakwe kwenye i-chromosome, mhlawumbi ngaphambi okanye ekukhulelwe. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-75 zale mihlaba engenakulungelelaniswa yi- novo , oku kuthetha ukuba kwenzeke ngengozi. Iipesenti ezingama-25 zokuthunyelwa kweendawo zizuze ifa kumzali. Umzali ubizwa ngokuba "ngumphathiswa olinganiselayo," oko kuthetha ukuba baye bahlela kwakhona izinto eziphathekayo zofuzo, kungekhona izinto ezibonakalayo zofuzo. Umphathiswa onokulinganisela akabonakali nayiphi na impawu ye-Down syndrome, kodwa bayakwazi ukuyidlulisela kubantwana.
Zonke iintlobo ezintathu ze-Down syndrome ziimeko zofuzo, kodwa kuphela iipesenti ezi-1 zeengxaki ze-Down syndrome ziyaphumelela ukusuka kumzali ukuya kumntwana ngokusebenzisa iigesi.
Izinto zobungozi
Abanye abazali banomngcipheko omkhulu wokukhulelwa umntwana one-Down syndrome. Ubudala buyinto enye. Amathuba okuba nomntwana abane-Down syndrome akhula njengowesifazane osemdala.
Kwindoda eneminyaka engama-35 ubudala, umngcipheko ngu-1 ngowama-385. Ngeminyaka engama-40, umngcipheko ngowoku-1 kwi-106. Ngo-45, umngcipheko kwi-1 kwi-30. I-80 ukuya kuma-85 ekhulwini yabantwana abane-Down syndrome bazalwa ngabafazi ngaphantsi kwama-35.
Ukongezelela, ibhinqa elinomntwana omnye one-Down syndrome inokuthi ibe nomnye umntwana one-Down syndrome. Amadoda nabasetyhini banako ukugqithisa i-disorder kubantwana ngokusebenzisa ukudluliselwa kweendawo ukuba ngaba ngabaphathi bezithuthi.
Izinto ozilindile emhlabane
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukulindela ubomi kwabantu abane-Down syndrome uye waphucula kakhulu. Ngowe-1983 ukulindela ubomi kwakuyi-25; Namhlanje kungama-60. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-25 zeembono nge-trisomy 21 ziphela ekuphumuleni komzimba okanye ekuzalweni komzimba. Iipesenti ezingama-85 zeintsana ezine-Down syndrome zisinda kwi-1 ubudala.
Imithombo:
Isiko soLawulo lweZifo (6 uJanuwari 2006). "Ukuphuculwa kweeNgqikelelo zokuHlaba kweSizwe eziPhakamileyo ezili-18 ezikhethiweyo zokuzalwa, iMelika, 1999-2001." Ukuxhatshazwa nokufa kweeveki ingxelo yeveki 54 (51 & 52): 1301-1305.
Huether, CA (1998). Umlinganiselo wobudala bomyinge wamaqondo omngcipheko we-Down syndrome phakathi kokuzalwa okuphilayo kuma-white kunye nezinye iintlanga ezivela e-Ohio kunye ne-metropolitan Atlanta, 1970-1989. UJ Med Genet 35 (6): 482-490.
Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. Down syndrome. (nd). Ukubuyiselwa kuMatshi 26, 2016, kwi-http: //www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20020948
I-Grayerson-Stund-Gunderson, uKaren. Iintsana ezine-Down Syndrome: Isikhokelo sabazali abatsha I- Woodbine House. 1995
Yintoni I-Down Syndrome? (nd). Ukubuyiselwa kuMatshi 26, 2016, kwi-http: //www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/