Nangona i-pertussis okanye ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela inokuthintela ngesigontsho, ihlala ingxaki enkulu eMelika nasehlabathini lonke. Ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, ukukhuseleka kwi-pertussis yokugonya kugqithise, kwaye ngoko-ke abantu abadala kunye nabasemngciphekweni basemngciphekweni wokufumanisa ukukhwehlela, nangona bafumana izibhamu zabo njengomntwana.
Abaselula kunye nabantu abadala banokufumana isitofu esitsha seTdap esenza ukhuseleko lwabo lukhusele ukukhwehlela, ngoko ke izifo zentsholongwane ziza kudala zinciphise.
Iimpawu zoKhusela
Xa abazali becinga ngokukhwehlela, bahlala becinga ngomntwana okhwela ukukhwehlela elandelwa lizwi 'lokukhupha.' Nangona oko kuyimpawu okanye isandi esiqhelekileyo ukuba abantwana abanomkhuhlane oguguzayo, khumbula ukuba akuyiyo yonke intsha iza kuba nayo. Esikhundleni saloo nto, ezinye iifana zinokukhwehlela, ezinye zikhwehlela baze zihlume (i-post-tussive emesis), kwaye abanye banomkhuhlane ongapheliyo .
Isikhwehlo esiphezulu siqala ngesigaba se-catarrhal, kodwa malunga neentsuku ezingama-6 ukuya kwe-20 emva kokuvezwa komnye umntu onokukhwehlela ( ixesha lokuxubusha ), eneempawu ezifana ne-viral infection upper respiratory infection ukukhwehlela. Kule nqanaba, ngokuqhelekileyo ihlala kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kweyesi-2, ukuba umntu uphelelane nabanye.
Esi sifo sinokudakalisa ngexesha lesigaba esilandelayo se- paroxysmal , esenza iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwe-4, kunye nabantwana abafumana izipho ezinzima okanye i-paroxysms yokukhwehlela, enokulandelwa yinto yokukhupha nokuhlanza. Ezi zihlunu zingabangela izinto ezifana nokukhala okanye ukutya.
Ezi ziphofu zokukhwehlela ziphucula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingaphantsi rhoqo kwisigaba sokugqibela se- convalescent , esenza enye iiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2.
Zizonke, iimpawu zingapheli kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-10.
Ukuxilongwa kweCough Quoping
Nangona i-diagnostic yokuqala ye-pertussis idla ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zeempawu, uvavanyo lufumaneka. Iquka inkcubeko yemfihlo yamanzi; Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14 ukufumana iziphumo, emva kwexesha apho umntwana wakho usenokuba usulele ukusuleleka kwabanye abantu abaninzi.
Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo, olungenakho oluchanekileyo, luyi-DFA (i-immunofluorescent test assay). Nangona oogqirha besifo sezingane besenokungakwazi ukwenza lo vavanyo kwiofisi yabo, inokwenziwa yilebhu yendawo, isebe lempilo lendawo, okanye ingathunyelwa kwenye indawo ngeseofisi yezingane.
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, uvavanyo lwe- polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lukhawuleza kwaye luchanekile ngakumbi kunezinye iimvavanyo kodwa lungafumaneki ngokubanzi.
Unyango lweZonyango
Nangona abantwana bangaphumelela kwi-pertussis ngaphandle kwee-antibiotics, unyango, ngakumbi xa luqala ekuqaleni kwinqanaba le-catarrhal, lunokubanceda ukuba bahambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye bangabalulekanga kwabanye. I-Erythromycin iqhelekileyo i-antibiotics ekhethiweyo yokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela kwaye iyakuthi ithathwe iintsuku eziyi-14. Ezinye iindlela zingabandakanya i-Clarithromycin (i-Biaxin) iintsuku ezi-7, i-azithromycin (i-Zithromax) iintsuku ezi-5, kunye ne-Bactrim iintsuku eziyi-14.
Nangona abaninzi abantwana bengafanele babe neengxaki ezikhankanywe ngasentla kwaye bangaphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo ekhaya, iintsana ezincinci, ingakumbi abo bazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zingadinga ukufakwa esibhedlele.
Abantwana abane-pertussis bahlala bengabandakanywa esikolweni okanye kwondlo lwezinsuku de kubekho kwi-antibiotics ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-5.
Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Ngomntu Okhulayo
- Ukukhwehlela komzimba kubangelwa yiBritetella pertussis ibhakteria.
- Iigonti ezikhusela abantwana ekukhuseleni ukukhwehlela ziquka ukugonya kwe-DTaP enikwa abantwana abancinci kunye ne- booster Tdap enikwa abantwana abadala, abaselula kunye nabantu abadala.
- Ibhaktheriya ye-pertussis iyasasazeka kwaye ingadluliselwa kubantu abasulelekileyo ngenxa yokuphefumula, ngoko kugwema ukuphefumla le mfihlo (ukucebisa intsha ukuba igubungele imilomo xa ikhubekisa), ukugcina iintsana kunye neentsana ekukhupheleni kwentsha kunye nabantu abadala, kwaye ukuhlamba izandla kudla kunceda ukunqanda abanye ukuba bangagula.
- Kubantwana abanomntu osondeleyo kunye nomntu onesifo se-pertussis, prophylactic okanye ukuthintela unyango kunye ne-erythromycin, i-azithromycin, okanye i-clarithromycin kunokuncedisa ukuba bangagula kwaye ngokwenene banconywa kubo bonke abafowunelwa abasondeleyo kubandakanye amalungu osapho kunye noontanga ekunyangweni kwamasango okanye esikolweni. Ukuthintela i-Antibiotic inconywa nokuba umntwana unayo yonke into yokugonywa kwaye akunandaba nokuba ngumdala kangakanani.
- Iintsana kunye neentsana eziselula ezinokukhwehlela ziyakwazi ukuba ne-apnea okanye ixesha apho ziyeka ukuphefumla.
- Ukuxilongwa kokukhwehlela komkhuhlane kudlalwa ngabantu abadala ngenxa yokuba banokuba nokukhwehlela okukhawuleza endaweni yeempawu ezinzima.
Imithombo
> Lebel MH - I-Pediatr Ingqibelelo Dis J - 01-Dec-2001; 20 (12): 1149-54. Ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwe-clarithromycin kunye no-erythromycin yokunyangwa kwe-pertussis: umntu ongenamntu ongenamntu ongeyena oyedwa .
> I-Gershon: Izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-Krugman zabantwana, ngo-11.
> Martinez, SM, Kemper, CA, Haiduven, D, et al. I-Azithromycin prophylaxis ngelixa > esibhedlele jikelele > ukuqubuka kwesifo esifana ne-pertussis. I-Infection Control Ep Epemiemiol 2001; 22: 781.
> Ukhuthazwe ama-Agent antibiotic for the Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis yasePertussis. 2005 Izikhokelo zeCDC. MMWR. Disemba 9, > 2005 > / 54 (RR14); 1-16.