Abazali baye bafuna ukuxubha ngolwazi lwabo lwezempilo, njengoko abantu abaninzi beya kwiindawo abaye bacinga ukuba kunokungcolileyo okanye ukungafihli.
Kwezinye iimeko, abafuduka baseNdiya, ePakistan, nasePhilippines, njl., Bahamba "ekhaya" kunye nezingane zabo ukutyelela iintsapho kunye nabahlobo.
Kwakhona akuqhelekanga ukuba iintsapho zihambe e-Asia nakwi-Afrika kwiindlela zokuthunywa kwabavangeli okanye ngokukhawuleza ikhefu kwindawo entsha, ngaphandle.
Ngelishwa, abantwana kunye nabazali babo bajamelana nengozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo xa behamba kwiindawo ezininzi. Ezinye izicwangciso zezempilo zokuhamba, kubandakanywa nokutyelela kwinqanaba labantwana bakho kunye ne-CDC yeSayithi yezeMpilo yabaThuthi ukuba ubone ukuba abantwana bakho badinga naziphi na izitofu ezongezelelweyo, imithi yokuthintela, okanye ezinye izicwangciso, kunokukunceda ukunciphisa loo mngcipheko.
Iimpawu zokuhamba
Xa uhamba, unokhathazeka malunga nezingane zakho ezifumana izifo ezingenakuze zibonwe kuzo, ezifana ne-dengue fever, ikholera, okanye i-encephalitis yaseJapan, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezinye ezininzi izifo eziqhelekileyo ziyaqhubeka zijikeleze hlabathi, kubandakanywa nezifo ezibangelwa ngu:
- Iqhwiqhwi
- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib)
- Pertussis
- I-Hepatitis A
- I-hepatitis B
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Ekubeni ezininzi zezigulane ezikhuseleke ukugonya ezi zigonyelwe kwi-United States zisasebenza nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ngokukodwa kumazwe asakhulayo, ukufumana zonke izitofu kwixesha lokugqibela lokugoma kubalulekile.
Ukugqithiswa kwamhlanje kwangoko e-US, kuquka ukuqubuka kwamathambo kunye nemasisi, sele iqalwe ngabantwana abahamba bephuma ngaphandle kwelizwe, bagula, bazisa izifo zabo, bazisasaza kwabanye abantwana abangenakunikwa.
Ngokuxhomekeke apho uya khona, umntwana wakho unokufuna ezinye izitofu ngaphambi kokuhamba, kuquka:
- Ukugonya kwe-Typhoid : Itholakala njengesigontsho somlomo kubantwana abaneminyaka emithandathu ubudala ubudala, okanye njengesibheno kulabo abaneminyaka emibini ubudala ubudala, xa behamba kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu we-typhoid fever, ngokukodwa kwi-Asia yaseMzantsi, kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, Afrika, Central America, kunye neMzantsi Melika.
- Ukugonya kwe-yellow fever : Ukugonya kwintsholongwane egciniweyo eyenziwa kubantwana abangenani ubuncinane beenyanga ezili-9 ubudala kwaye bahamba kwimimandla yaseMzantsi Melika (iArgentina, iBrazil, iPeru, njl.) Kunye ne-Afrika (i-Ethiopia, iKenya, iNigeria, njl. ) apho kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-yellow fever evela kwiindawo zokuluma.
- Isigulane se-encephalitis saseJapan (JE-VAX) : Esiqhelekileyo sinconywa kubantwana abangenani ubuncinane beenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwiindawo ezinobungozi baseAsia kunye nasentshonalanga yePasifike ixesha elide, ikakhulukazi ukuba bahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni.
- Ukugonywa kwe-Meningococcal : Nangona abantwana baseUnited States bafumana isitofu sokugonywa kwe-meningococcal ukuwakhusela kwi- Neisseria meningitidis izifo, abayifumani kuze kube yilapho beneminyaka eyi-11 okanye eyi-12 ubudala. Abahambahambayo kwiindawo ezithile ezinobungozi, ikakhulukazi ibhande le-meningitis laseAfrika-ntshona yeSahara, kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonywa kwamadoda ngaphambili, xa beneminyaka emibili ubudala, ngakumbi xa behamba ngexesha lonyaka owomileyo (ngoDisemba ukuya kuJuni) xa izifo ezidlulayo ziqhelekileyo .
- Ukugonywa kwamaRabi : IiRabi kwizinja zisengxaki kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Nangona ikhona, ukufumana isitofu sokugonya ngaphambi kokuba uhambo lube lucebisa kakhulu kwiintsana, ngaphandle kokuba ungacingi ukuba uya kufumana lula ukunakekelwa kwezempilo olufanelekileyo kwindawo ohamba kuyo. Kunoko, kufuneka bazame ukuphepha ukukhutshwa ngokukhusela izilwanyana ezivela kwizilwanyana ezinobungozi, njengezinja zesitalato, iinkawu, iilwane kunye neekati, njl.
Iingxube zinjalo ingxaki emhlabeni jikelele ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-MMR lunikezelwe iintsana ezincinane ezinyangeni ezintandathu zeminyaka ukuba ziya kuphuma eUnited States, ngokukodwa ukuba ziya kwindawo ephakamileyo yamasisi.
Abantwana abancinane ubuncinane beenyanga ezili-12 kufuneka bafumane ii-MMR ezimbini, ezahlukana ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-28.
Malariya
Ukongezelela ekuhlaleni ukuya kwii-vaccines, abantwana abaya kwi-malariya-iindawo eziqhelekileyo kufuneka kwakhona bathathe amachiza okuthintela ukuze bangaguli xa bethwa ngumlingo osulelekile.
Okumangalisa kukuba, imimandla ye-malariya-indawo ehlala kuyo iquka indawo enkulu yehlabathi, kubandakanywa iinxalenye ezinkulu ze-Central America, eMzantsi Melika, iinxalenye zeCaribbean, Afrika (ngokukodwa kwi-Afrika yasezantsi-Sahara), kwi-Asia yaseMzantsi, kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, eMbindi Mpuma, eMpuma Yurophu kunye neSouth Pacific.
I-CDC inika ulwazi lwe-malaria ngelizwe ukukunceda wena kunye nezingane zakho ukuba ngaba abantwana bakho badinga i-malaria prophylaxis ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba:
- Abafuduki bokuqala nabesibini abavela kwilizwe labo ababuyela kwilizwe labo abavela kuyo kunye nokutyelela abahlobo kunye nosapho bavame ukucinga ukuba basengozini enkulu yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ka-malariya.
- Sisiphi isilwanyana esisetyenziswayo ekuthintelo lwe-malaria ngokuxhomekeka kuxhomekeke apho uhamba khona, njengoko ezinye iinkalo zinamazinga aphezulu okuchasa kwi-chloroquine okanye i-Lariam (mefloquine).
- I-Doxycycline, iyeza-mali ezingabizi kakhulu ezithatyathwa kanye ngosuku, ayikwazi kunikwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyisibhozo ubudala.
- I-Lariam ikulungele kuba ithathwa kanye kanye ngeveki, kodwa kufuneka uyiqale iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwaye abanye abazali bakhathazeke ngemiphumo yeLariam.
- I-Malarone (i-Atovaquone / i-Proguanil) ifaneleke ukunyamezeleka, kunye nemiphumo embalwa, kodwa kufuneka ithathwe imihla ngemihla xa ihamba kwaye ingaba yindleko.
- Amayeza okuthintela i-Malaria afika nje ngeepilisi, ezinokuba yingxaki kubantwana abancinci abangakwazi ukugwinya iipilisi okwamanje. Ekubeni la mayeza ahlala edabukisayo, i-CDC icebisa ukuba abazali baxube amacwecwe e-pulverized with something sweet, efana ne-applesauce, isiraphu ye-chocolate, okanye i-jelly. I-pharmist yakho inokuphinda ifake amaphilisi kwaye uwaxube kwiipilisi ze-gelatin ukuba umntwana wakho kufuneka athathe i-1/4 okanye i-1/2 ithebhulethi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-dose echanekileyo.
Kwakhona qiniseka ukuba usebenzise izilwanyana, izibambatho ezifanelekileyo, kunye nemibhobho yokukhusela ukukhusela ummiyane kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana.
Iingcebiso zeMpilo yokuHlola
I-CDC ishicilela izilumkiso zezempilo ezihamba rhoqo, njenge-SARS ukubhuka e-Asia emva ko-2003, apho bacebisa ukuba abahambi bahlehlise uhambo olungabalulekanga.
Baphinde bakhankanye ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa izaziso ezinobungozi ezingaphantsi kwingozi kunye nokulumka kwempilo yokuhamba ukuze baqaphele baze baxwayise abantu beendlela ezahlukeneyo zempilo kubahambi kunye nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wabo.
Ukongeza kwiingcebiso zezempilo ze-CDC, iSebe le-Rhulumente wase-United States lipapasha uluhlu lweengcebiso ezihamba ngoku.
Abazali banokuzijonga ezi zilumkiso ngaphambi kokucwangcisa uhambo kunye nezingane zabo.
Ezinye Iingcebiso
Ukongezelela ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-inshorensi yakho yempilo iya kubhalela abantwana bakho xa uhamba kwaye uyazi ukuba uza kuphi xa abantwana bakho begula, ezinye iingcebiso zezempilo zokuhamba kunye nezinto ozozibandakanya ziquka:
- Ukongezelela kwisebe lempilo yendawo okanye kwikliniki yokuhamba ngasese, unokukwazi ukufumana isitofu somlomo we-typhoid kunye nezinye iigcini zokuhamba ezivela kwi-pharmacy yendawo kunye nesigqirha esivela kwinqanaba lonyango.
- Ixesha le-Flu kwiNtlabathi yeNtlabathi livela ukususela ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba, ngelixa unokufumana umkhuhlane phantse naliphi ixesha lonyaka kwiindawo ezininzi ezitshatyalaliswayo.
- Amachiza e-prescription ukukhusela ukuguquka kwesifo, njengesiqwenga se-scopolamine, asivunyelwanga ukusetyenziswa kubantwana, ngubani onokuthi athathe iipilisi ezinokutshatyalaliswa kweDamamine kunoko.
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wengane yakho yomhudo wokuhamba, sebenzisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo okusela kunye neekhabhi ze-ice, ukuxubha amazinyo, xa uxuba umfomfom we-baby, njl.
- Ukongeza i-sunscreen kunye nayiphi na imishanguzo, umntwana wakho uthatha rhoqo, ukuzisa amayeza amaninzi ukulawula iimpawu eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-acetaminophen kunye ne-ibuprofen (intlungu kunye nokunciphisa umkhuhlane) kunye ne-Benadryl (ukukhupha kunye nokuphendula komzimba).
- Abantwana bacingelwa yiingcali ezininzi ukuba zisengozini ephezulu yokugula okuphezulu, ezinokuthi zenzeke xa zihambela indawo eziphakamileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo zingaphezu kwei-8,000 iinyawo), ngaphandle kokuqala ukuthotyelwa kumanqanaba aphantsi e-oksijini kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
- Ukuba i-scuba diving kunye nezingane zakho kusezicwangciso zakho, gcinani engqondweni ukuba ezininzi iingcali zincoma ngokuyeka abantwana abane-asthma dive dive. Kwakhona, nangona ezinye iimbutho, ezifana ne-Professional Association of Dive Instructors, zithi abantwana abaselula abaneminyaka eli-10 bangafunda ukuqhubela i-scuba dive, abanye, njenge-Southern Pacific Undersea Medical Society, banike ubuncinane ubuneminyaka eyi-16.
- Qinisekisa ukuxelela ugqirha wezilwanyana malunga nayiphi na indlela yokuhamba kwangoko xa abantwana bakho begule emva kokubuya ekhaya bephuma ekuhambeni kwangoku nje kwelo lizwe, ingakumbi ukuba banomkhuhlane kunye / okanye ukukhawuleza, nokuba ngaba iiveki okanye iinyanga emva koko.
Uhambo oluphuma kweli lizwe lungaba luhlobo lweentsapho ezinkulu, ngokukodwa ukuba usapho olwendwendwe kunye nabahlobo ukuba abantwana bakho abazange badibana ngaphambili. Ungavumeli ukuba ingxaki yezempilo yokuhamba ibonakalise.
Imithombo
CDC. Ulwazi lwezeMpilo lohambo lweSizwe (iNcwadi eNcinci) ngo-2010.