I-Chickenpox yintsholongwane echaphazelekayo ebonakaliswe ukugqithisa okubomvu okubomvu, okuphazamiseka kwamanzi (i-pox) kunye neempawu ezifana nezifo. Bobabini i-rash kunye nezinye iimpawu ziyakwazi ukuphathwa ngokuthe ngconywa ngamayeza angaphezulu kwe-counter kunye namayeza asekhaya, nangona isichengululo se-anti-virus singasimiselwa. Xa kuthathwa njengesifo esingenakukupheka sobuntwana, inkukhu iyinto engavamile ukususela ekufikeni kwegciwane lokukhupha inkukhu.
Nangona i-inkutspox yokuqala ihlala isombulula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki ezimbalwa, intsholongwane ebangela ukuba inkukhu ingabikho emzimbeni kwaye ingaphinda ivele emva kweeminyaka ukudala isifo esibuhlungu esibizwa ngokuba yi-shingles kubantu abadala.
Iimpawu
Uphawu oluphawulekayo lweenkukhu luyi-rashaza, eyenzeka malunga neentsuku ezili-14 ukusuka ekuvezeni. Yenziwe ngamakhulu amabhalantshi abomvu, ahlaziyiweyo, ukugqithisa kwenkukhu kuqala kubonakala ebusweni, kwi-scalp, kunye nasesigxeni, kwaye kwandiswe kwiingalo nasemilenzeni.
Ngenxa yokuba inkukhupox isifo sokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, kubangele i-cluster yeempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, kubandakanya ukukhulelwa komzimba, intloko, iintlungu zesisu, ukukhathala, izigulane ezivuvukileyo kunye nokusabalalisa ngokubanzi. Abantu abadala abahla ngeenkukhu bavame ukufumana okokuqala iimpawu, baze baqhubeke nokuhlakulela ukugqithisa . Abantwana bafumana amabala kuqala. "Iziganeko zokuphulukana," ezo zenzeka naphezu kokugonywa kwe-inkukhu, zidla ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye, ngokukodwa, zincinci.
Iingxaki ezivela kwintsholongwane ye-chickenpox aziqhelekanga, kwaye ziyakwenzeka ukuba zenzeke kubantu abadala kunabantwana, kodwa zinokuthi zibe zizinzulu. Ezinye iingxaki zesibini ezinokwenzeka ezibangelwa yi-chickenpox ziquka izifo zesikhumba, i- pneumonia , i- encephalitis , ne-Reye's syndrome (ehlobene nokusetyenziswa kwe-aspirin kubantwana).
Isizathu
Umzimba obangela inkukhupox ubizwa ngokuba yi-varicella-zoster virus, okanye iVZV.
I-Varicella isihlobo sentsholongwane ye-herpes kwaye sikhona kwihlabathi. Ixhaphaza kakhulu. Unokufumana inkukhu kalula ngokuthinta isikhumba somntu onomdla osebenzayo okanye ngokuphefumula kwintsholongwane ye-varicella xa umntu ogulayo egxuma okanye ekhwehlela, ukuthumela amaconsi anesifo esiphuthumayo emoyeni.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kweenkukhu ngokuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kwimbali yeempawu zentsholongwane kunye nokubonakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukugqithisa kwenkukhu kunokudideka kunye ne-herpes simplex, impetigo, izilwanyana ezinambuzane okanye i-scabies.
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na umbuzo ukuba i-rash isiphumo se-inkukhu, inkohlakalo yentsholongwane ingathathwa. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukufumana iziphumo kunokuba isifo sifunde.
Unyango
Kwabanye abantu abanempilo, ingqwalasela yokuphatha inkukhu ikhupha iimpawu. I-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) efana ne-ibuprofen okanye i-acetaminophen inokukunceda ukukhupha umkhuhlane kunye nokunciphisa intloko kunye nokungahambi kakuhle.
Ukujongana nokukhawuleza kunokuba nzima kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kumntwana omncinci onenkathazo yokungakhangeli isikhumba sakhe. Ngenhlanhla, kukho iindlela ezininzi, kuquka:
- Ukuxhuma emgodini wamanzi afudumele ehlanganiswe ne-colloidal oatmeal okanye i-baking soda
- Ukusebenzisa i-calamine lotion ngqo kwi-blisters ephazamisayo
- Ama-antihistamine emilonyeni efana ne-Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugcina iminwe yezingane imfutshane kwaye icoceke kakhulu.
Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuphatha abantu abasengozini yokugula kakubi kwi-inkukhu, njengalezo ezineenkqubo zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, unyango lwe-anti-virus oluthiwa yi-VariZIG (varicella zoster immune globulin) lunokusetyenziswa.
Thintelo
Ngenxa yokuba i-virus ye-varicella ixhaphaze kakhulu, indlela yokuqala yokuzikhusela kukuba uyikhuphe ngokucacileyo: Hlala kude kwaye ugcine abantwana bakho okanye abanye abantu ababakhathalele kude nabani na onenkukhu.
Ngethuba nje xa i-blisters yomntu isebenzayo-oko kukuthi, akukabivuli kwaye iyanqunyulwa ngaphezu kwayo-yona isasazekayo. I-Chickenpox ikwajongwa negalelo leentsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukukhawuleza.
Kuba abaninzi abantu, nangona kunjalo, indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela inkukhu isifo sokugonywa kwe-varicella. Ngaphandle kwabathile abathile, njengabasetyhini abakhulelwe okanye abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo, isitofu siphephile kwaye siyasebenza. Enyanisweni, yinxalenye yeshedyuli ephakanyisiweyo yokugonya kwabantwana, kunye nezibhengezo zemasisi, iimvumba kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu. Abantu abadala abangenayo inkukhu njengabantwana nabo bavame ukucetyiswa ukuba bafumane i-varicella vaccine.
ILizwi
Ekuqaleni kwee-1990, abantu abayizigidi ezine babulala inkukhu minyaka yonke, amashumi amawaka agula ngokwaneleyo ukuba aphephe esibhedlele, kwaye i-100 kuya kwe-150 yafa, ngokwemiqathango yokuLawula nokuVimbela i-CDC. Emva kokuba i-varicella igonywe ngo-1995, inani lamatyala enkukhu e-United States lahla ngamaphesenti angama-90 ngo-2005, i-CDC ibika.
Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba abantwana bachonywe, abanye abazali bakhetha indawo yokuba bathathe abantwana babo "kumaqela enkukhu" ukuze bakwazi ukusuleleka kwaye bahlakulele ukukhuselwa kwemvelo. Ingxaki kulo mkhuba kukuba kuthetha ukuba umntwana usenokunyamezela ukugula engenazo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba unentsholongwane ye-virus ye-varicella, uya kuba segrogeni yokuphuhlisa izibhinqa njengomntu omdala.
Nangona kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane inkukhu okanye i-shingles emva kokuba ugonywe kwi-virus ye-varicella, amaxesha amaninzi anamandla kunawo athuthuka kumntu ongenasigxina. Ukugonywa kunciphisa umngcipheko weengcinezelo ezinjengokukhulelwa kwesikhumba, i-pneumonia, ne-ataxia (ukulahlekelwa kolawulo malunga nokuhamba komzimba).
Injongo yokuvumela abantwana ukuba baqhubeke besasaza isifo esikhuselweyo ngokubanzi sinciphisa ukuphumelela kwesigontsho. Kuba ugula kufuneka lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo, abantu abaninzi ngokusemandleni kufuneka baxhomeke kulo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngokuba umntwana wakho ugonywe, khuluma nomntwana wakho ukuba afune ukuba yintoni efanelekileyo kuyo intsapho yakho.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). "I-Pox Pox (Varicella): Iziqhamo." Julayi 1, 2016.
> CDC. "I-Pox Pox (Varicella): Ukutshintshwa." NgoJulayi 1, 2016.
> I-Pergam, i-SA, i-Limaye, i-AP, kunye ne-AST yoLuntu oluSebenzayo lwezifo zoLuntu. "Varicella Zoster Virus". Dec 2009; 9 (iSiza 4): S108- # 115. INGXELO: 10.1111 / j.1600-6143.2009.02901.x.