Ngethuba lokukhawuleza, umkhuhlane, izigulane ezivuvuzayo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zeenkukhu (varicella) ziqala ukuvela, intsholongwane iya kuba sele ihamba emzimbeni womntu ngeveki okanye ngaphezulu. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC), ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokunyusa i-virus ye-varicella-ubungakanani bexesha phakathi kokuba umntu evelele kuyo kwaye xa iimpawu ziqala ukubonisa-iintsuku eziyi-14, kunye neelwimi ezili-10 kwiintsuku ezingama-21.
Umntu uthathwa njengentsholongwane omnye kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukukhawuleza kude kube lula ukugqithisa.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Ngaphandle koko abantu abaphilileyo abagulayo emva kokuba bavelele kwi-varicella baya kuphuhlisa iqela leempawu eziqhelekileyo naluphi na unyango lwe-viral ngaphezu kwendlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-inkuta. Kwamanye abantu, ngokukodwa abantu abadala, iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo ziya kubonakala ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe. Kwiintsana, ukugqithisa ngokuqhelekileyo kudla ngokuba ngumqondiso wokuqala wenkukhu.
Izimpawu ezingezizo
Uninzi lwale mpawu luphela usuku okanye ezimbini kwaye luya kupheleka njengoko kuvela ukugqithisa. Ziquka:
- I-Fever (ngokuqhelekileyo imnene, malunga no-102 degrees, nangona ingaba phezulu ukuya kuma-degrees ama-105)
- Malaise
- Intloko
- Ukuphelelwa kwesidlo
- Ubuhlungu besisu esiswini
- Iingqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungquthela ezi
Khumbula ukuba umntu onentsholongwane ye-virus ye-varicella angasasazeka ngexesha leentsuku ezimbalwa analoo mathuba angaphambili, iimpawu ezingezizo.
I-Chickenpox Rash
Ukugqithisa kwenkukhu kubonakala kuqala kwi-torso, kwesikhumba, kunye nobuso, kwaye kwandula kwandiswe kwiingalo nasemilenzeni. Ukukhawuleza kwakhona kunokubangela izilonda kwiimbrane ezinamaqabunga emehlweni, emlonyeni, nasesiswini (kodwa oku akuqhelekanga).
Ngomnye umlingo we-inkukhu uqala njenge-papule ebomvu e-2 ukuya kwe-4-millimeter eneenkcazo ezingavumelekanga, apho i-vesicle egciniweyo, egciniweyo egciniweyo egcwala i-fluid-contagious fluid.
I-vesicle ivame ukuchazwa ngathi ibukeka "njengombethe." Emva kweeyure ezisibhozo ukuya kuma-12, umbane ohlala kwi-vesicle uba luhlaza kwaye i-vesicle iyaphula, ishiya emva kwe-crust.
Xa isilonda sinqabile ngaphezu kwayo asiyithandabuliyo. Iqhekeza idla ngokuwa emva kweentsuku ezisixhenxe. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko izilonda ezindala zinyuka kwaye ziwa, ezitsha ziyaqhubeka zakha, kwaye ngoko ke zifana nokuba nezilonda kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye. Ukuze zonke izilonda zityhelelwe kwaye akukho zintsha zenziwe, umntu uthathwa njengesifo esithintekayo.
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho wehla nenkukhu, uya kufuneka uhlale ekhaya ukusuka esikolweni, emsebenzini kunye neminye imisebenzi ukuze ugweme ukusasaza intsholongwane, nokuba uvakalelwa ngenye indlela.
Ukukhawuleza kwenkukhu kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ungaboni. Xa izilonda okanye i-crusts zichithwa okanye zitshatyalaliswa ekudibaniseni notshani phantsi kweemonyo, izikhonkwane ezingabonakaliyo zingazenza. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ukujongana ne-itch yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango lwenkukhu.
Inani lezilonda zenyama yenkukhu umntu uyahluka. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo luyi-100 ukuya kwi-300 izilonda. Abantu abadala kunye nezingane ezindala zivame ukuvelisa izilonda ezingaphezulu kunabantwana abancinane. Abantu abaye babulala isikhumba, njengokuba kushushu ukushona kwelanga okanye i-eczema, bangaphuhlisa ukugqithisa okukhulu kunabanye.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Ngezihlandlo ezingaqhelekanga, abantwana abaye banconywa ngenxenye (banomlinganiselo omnye wokugonya kwe-varicella) okanye nokuba banokugonywa ngokupheleleyo (baye babe nezo zibini) behla kunye nenkukhu. Abantwana abanokuthiwa "ukuqhuma kwenkukhu" akunyanga nakakhulu kunokuba abo bangagonyanga.
Iimpawu zabo zibuhlungu kakhulu-kwaye-ke zincinci kwezinye iimeko ukuba ukuqhuma kwenkukhu kungabonakaliswa ngokungathandabuzekiyo njengengxaki yegciwane okanye ezinye iintshukumo zobuntwana. Izimpawu zokuphumelela kwenkukhu ziquka:
- Zingaphantsi kwama-50 okanye izilonda
- Zimbalwa okanye azikho iiconicles (kungenxa yoko azingenasifo)
- I-Low okanye ayikho imfiva
- Ukufumana ngokukhawuleza (kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu)
Iingxaki
Kubantu abanempilweni enempilo ngokubanzi, inkukhu ye-inkukhu ayiyi kubakho naziphi na iingxaki ezinzulu. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nabantu abayi-14,000 babhedlele esibhedlela eMelika ngamnye ngonyaka ngenxa yesifo. Kuba malunga ne-100 yazo, iya kuba yingozi. Abaninzi kwisithathu sabantu abafumana inkukhu njengabantu abadala basemngciphekweni weengxaki ezinzulu, ngokukodwa abantu abadala kunye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba.
Usulelo lweBhakterial Infection
Ingxaki eqhelekileyo ye-varicella yintsholongwane yesibini yebhaktheriya yezilonda zeenkukhu ezibangelwa yiStaphylococcus aureu okanye i- Streptococcus pyogenes, ixhomekeka kwiintsholongwane zesikhumba ezifana ne- impetigo , i- furunculosis , i-cellulitis, ne-erysipelas, kunye nokusuleleka kwe-lymph nodes yaziwa ngokuba yi-lymphadenitis.
Ezi zifo ziphezulu kwaye ziphathwa ngokulula nge-antibiotics, nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko ukuba ibhaktheriya inokusasazeka kwigazi, ekhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-bacterium. Abantu abane-bacteremia basengozini ye-bacterium pneumonia kunye nezinye izifo ezinokuthi zikhuselekileyo, ezibandakanya i-meningitis, i-arthritis, i-osteomyelitis, kunye ne-sepsis.
Iingxaki ze-Neurologic
Iseshya yesibini eqhelekileyo yeengxaki ze-inkukhu iquka inkqubo ye-nervous. Enye yeengxaki ezinzulu zeengxaki zegazi ezinxulumene nenkukhu yimeko yobuntwana ebizwa ngokuba yi-acere cerebellar ataxia. Iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, ukugwenxa okwenzeka ngakumbi ngexesha, ukuhamba nzima, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentetho ezingapheli iintsuku okanye iiveki. Ngethamsanqa, ezi ziimpawu zihlala zizinyulula.
Enye ingxaki enengqondo ye-chickenpox yi-varicella meningoencephalitis, usulelo olubangela ukuba iimbumba ezijikeleze kwaye zikhusele izakhiwo kwi-system ye-nervous ukuze zikhubeke kwaye zivuthe.
Iimpawu zingabandakanya intloko, uvakalelo ekukhanyeni, ukuqina kwentamo kunye nentlungu, i-delirium, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa. Abantu abasengozini yokuphuhlisa i-meningoencephalitis emva kokuba banesifo sengculaza ye-varicella yilabo abanesistim sokuzivikela, ezifana nezigulane kwisithuba sokugqibela sentsholongwane yesifo sengculazi (i-HIV).
Iingxaki zokuphefumula
I-Varicella pneumonia yimbangela ebangela ukugula okuhlobene ne-varicella nokufa kubantu abadala. Esi sifo siphula xa intsholongwane ihamba emapapeni ngegazi, apho ibangela ukusuleleka. Phantse omnye kwabadala abangama-400 abaza kunye nenkukhu iya kubhedlele ngenxa yesifo.
Imiba yengozi ye-varicella pneumonia iquka:
- Ukufumana inkukhu eneminyaka yobudala
- Rash kunye nenani elikhulu lezilonda
- Isistim somzimba sokuzivikela
- Ukukhulelwa (ngokukodwa kwi-trimester yesithathu)
- Ukutshaya
- Isifo sokuphefumula esingapheliyo (COPD)
Ubunzima beengxaki
Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo yenkukhu isifo sobhubhane esithatha ixesha elide, ukutshaya kwesibindi kwesibindi esivame ukuba kungabangeli iimpawu kwaye kuphucula ukuphucula ngaphandle kokonyango.
Ngokutsho kweKliniki yaseMayo, abanye abantwana kunye nabaselula abaphulukana nentsholongwane yentsholongwane-ingakumbi inkukhu okanye umkhuhlane-basengozini yokuphuhlisa i-Reye's syndrome, imeko engavumelekanga ebangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kunye nengqondo. I-reye's syndrome sele idibene ne-aspirin, ngoko ke nangona i-aspirin ivunyiwe kubafundi abadala kunama-2, kungcono ukuba ungabanikeli le nkunkuma kubo ukuba baphathe iimpawu ze-inkukhu (okanye ezinye izifo zentsholongwane).
Amakhanda
Emva kokuba umntu enentsholongwane yintsholongwane, intsholongwane ayisuswanga ngokupheleleyo kumzimba. Esikhundleni saloo ndlela, uhambela kwiindawo ezisemoyeni ebizwa ngokuba yi-ganglia, apho amasebe emisipha ehlangene, ehlala engasebenzi kwaye ephilileyo.
Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuba zinokunyanzelisa i-virus eseleyo ngokukhawuleza iphinde isebenze kwakhona, ngokuphindaphindiweyo eminyaka emva kokusuleleka. Xa oko kwenzeka, intsholongwane iya kubuya i-nerve kwesikhumba, ibangela ubuhlungu, i-blisters ekhulayo yecandelo le-nerve yesebe-imeko ebizwa ngokuthi i-shingles, okanye i-herpes zoster. Iingxowa zihlala zichaphazela abantu abadala abangaphezu kwama-50.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
I-Chickenpox isifo esiqhekeza lula ngokuqhelekileyo unokufumana ukuxilongwa kugqirha phezu kwefowuni. Kwaye ngathi naluphi na usulelo lwentsholongwane, luvame ukuba lube ngcono.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nangona unesifo senkukhu uhlakulela iimpawu ezithile ezibonisa ukuba unokufumana unyango lwesibini okanye enye inkathazo, kufuneka ubizele ugqirha ukuba uqeshwe. Ezi ziquka:
- Iibhanti eziba zibomvu kwaye zithenda; uzifudumele; zibe zikhulu, izilonda ezivulekile; kunye nokucoca
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu oqhubekayo ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa
- Iingqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungquthela ezivuyiweyo entanyeni ezithintekayo
- Rash esasazeka kwelinye okanye zombini amehlo
- Ukungakwazi ukusela
- Ukuditywa kwamanzi
- Iingxaki zokuphefumla okanye ukukhwehlela rhoqo, ezinokuba zizibonakaliso ze-varicella pneumonia
- Inwele embi kakhulu, uvakalelo ekukhanyeni, ukulala okungaqhelekanga, ukudideka, okanye ukuhlamba okuqhubekayo, okudibeneyo kunokubonisa ukuvutha kwengqondo
Ezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukukhathazeka kwabantwana nakubantu abadala. Ukuba unomntwana omncinci onenkukhu enokukhala rhoqo kwaye enganyangekiyo, sinesizathu sokubhekisha kunye nodokotela wezilwanyana.
> Imithombo:
> Abro, AH, et.al. Ukukhubazeka kweHepatic kudla rhoqo kwi-Varicella Infection. Usuku lwe Rawal Med. Julayi 2008. 33 (2).
> I-American Academy yeDermatology. Iingxowa: Ubume. Oktobha 27, 2017.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Chickenpox (Varicella) | Uhlolo lweKlinikhi. Julayi 1, 2016.
> Clinical Mayo. Reye's Syndrome. Agasti 12, 2014.
> I-Michigan Medicine, iYunivesithi yaseMichigan. I-Chickenpox (Varicella): Xa Ubiza udokotela. Meyi 4 2017.