Xa abantwana bafuna ii-Antibiotics
I-antibiotics idla ngokukodwa ngokungabalulekanga kubanda, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kunye ne-bronchitis, kunye nomqala wengqondo, njl njl.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kuyinkinga enkulu
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwee-antibiotics kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo engathandekanga , kuquka ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuphendula. Mhlawumbi kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwee-antibiotics kukukhokelela kwiibhaktheriya ezininzi ezikwazi ukulwa namagciwane.
Ezi bhaktheriya ezinqanda ukulwa ne-antibiotics zinzima kakhulu ukunyanga, zifuna amayeza omzimba amaninzi, kwaye zingabangela izifo ezisongela ubomi.
Unokukunceda ukukhusela ingxaki ye-antibiotic-resistant bacteria ngokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho uthatha i-antibiotiki xa uyayidinga aze ayithathe njengoko imiselweyo. Ukuqonda izikhokelo zonyango zamathambo ezandul 'ulwaphulo lwamathambo kunye nokusuleleka kwe-sinus, okubandakanya ukhetho lokugcina umntwana wakho ngaphandle kwama-antibiotiki, kunokukunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwee-antibiotics.
Antibiotics for Infections Infections
Ukusuleleka kwindlebe yimeko eqhelekileyo apho i-antibiotics imiselwe kubantwana.
Izikhokelo ezikhutshwe ngo-2004 ziye zanceda ukunciphisa ezinye zeemimiselo, njengoko zicebisa "inketho yokujonga" kwabanye abantwana abanezifo zentloko. Aba bantwana abanokugcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu bengenayo unyango kunye ne-antibiotics kuquka abo babeneminyaka engama-2 ubudala kunye neempawu ezintle.
Kwisikhokelo esihlaziyiweyo esivela kwi-AAP, lo "khetho lokubona" sele unikezelwe kwiintsana ezincinane ezineminyaka eyi-6 ubudala. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukubonwa ngaphandle kwee-antibiotics kuseyona nto inokukhethayo kubantwana abane:
- ukusuleleka indlebe kwindlebe enye (unilateral) okanye abantwana abaneminyaka engama-2 ubudala abanempawu ezintle kunye nokutheleleka indlebe kwiindlebe zombini (eziphakathi)
- ukusulelwa indlebe ngaphandle kwemithombo yamanzi (i-otorrhea)
- iimpawu ezinzima, kubandakanywa nalabo abaneentlungu zincinci kuphela, iqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwama-102.2 degrees F (39 degrees C)
- ubukho becebo lokulandelelanisa ukuba iimpawu zomntwana ziba nzima okanye zingabi ngcono kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3
- abazali abavumelana nesicwangciso sokugcina ngaphandle kwonyango lwe-antibiotic
Kubantwana abanentsholongwane yeendlebe abangenalo umviwa ofanelekileyo wokuqwalaselwa, ngakumbi abo baneempawu ezinzima, ngoko umyalelo we-antibiotics usacetyiswa.
Ziziphi i antibiotics?
Ukuba umntwana wakho akazange asebenze kwii-antibiotiki kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ezedlulileyo kwaye akayizifo, ngoko uya kuthi wachazwe umthamo ophezulu we-amoxicillin. Ezinye iindlela ziquka i-doxicillin-clavulanate ephezulu (augmentin XR), cefdinir (i-Omnicef), i-cefpodoxime (iVantin), i-cefuroxime (Ceftin), okanye enye kwiintsuku ezintathu ze-ceftriaxone (Rocephin).
Izikhokelo zakutsha zange zongeze izicwangciso zonyango olutsha zokuqala zonyango, xa zibandakanya izibhengezo ze-ceftriaxone kunye neentsuku ezingama-3 ze-clindamycin okanye okanye ngaphandle kwesizukulwane sesithathu sokulwa ne-cephalosporin (cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, njl). Ukudibanisa i-clindamycin kunye ne-third generation generation cephalosporin antibiotic yinto efanelekileyo kubantwana.
IiNtsholongwane zeSinus Infections
Nangona i antibiotics sele ikhuthazwa ukuba unyango lwe- sinusitis kubantwana, nabo bahlala besetyenziswe kakubi xa abantwana benenkinga yokuphefumula. Izikhokelo zonyango eziye zaphuma ngo-2001 zasebenza ukunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezixhobo zonyango ngokubonelela iinkqubo zeklinikhi zokuxilonga i-sinusitis. Emva koko, ukunyanga ngokufanelekileyo intsholongwane, kufuneka uqale ukuyihlolisisa kakuhle. Ukuba umntwana wakho unempumlo ehambayo ebangelwa ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ngoko akanakho ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-sinus kwaye akayidingi imithi ye-antibiotics.
Esi sikhokelo satshintshwe kutshanje, kwaye njengesikhokelo sokuthethelela indlebe ngoku siquka inketho yokuqwalasela abantwana abakhethiweyo. Kusenokuqala ngesinconywa ukuba i-sinusitis ifumaneke ngokufanelekileyo nangona kunjalo, kubandakanywa ukuba kufumaneke ukuba ne-sinusitis enzima, umntwana unemiqondiso engapheliyo (impumlo ehambayo kunye / okanye ukukhwehlela kwimihla engaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-10 ngaphandle kokuphucula), ukonakalisa iimpawu emva kokuba beqale ukufumana ngcono, okanye iimpawu ezinzima ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-3.
Kuloo bantwana abaneempawu eziqhubekayo, endaweni yokumisela nje iintsholongwane zonyango, enye inketho inokubukela umntwana iintsuku ezingama-3 ngaphandle kwemithi yokubulala i-antibiotics ukuze ibone ukuba ihamba ngcono. Ukuba akazukuphucula, uya kuba nzima, kwaye kubantwana abo baqala ukuxilongwa nge sinusitis kunye neempawu ezinzima okanye ukuba sele sele ziba zibi kakhulu, ngoko ke imishanguzo ye-antibiotics isacetyiswa.
Iingcambu ze-antibiotic ezinconywayo malunga nezifo zesinus kwizikhokelo zakamuva ze-AAP ziquka:
- i-amoxicillin ye-dose ephezulu (unyango wokuqala)
- i-doxicillin inqanaba eliqhelekileyo (abantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 abangabikho kwintsuku)
- I-dose ephezulu ye-doin (ukusetyenziswa kwamagciwane okutsha)
- I-1-3 quotriaxone shots nsuku zonke (ayiyi kuthatha okanye ibekezelele ngomlomo umthamo wokuqala we-antibiotics) kufuneka ilandelwe yikhosi yeentsuku eziyi-10 enye yale mithi ye-antibiotics yomlomo xa ithe yaphucula
Njengokusuleleka kwindlebe, abantwana abane-sinusitis banokuphathwa nge cefdinir, cefuroxime, okanye cefpodoxime. Kwaye ukuba akukho phuculo emva kweentsuku ezingama-3 (iiyure ezingama-72), i-antibiotiki yomntwana wakho ingadinga ukutshintshwa ibe yinye yabanye, ingakumbi ukuba waqala ukukhangela i-amoxicillin.
Iintsholongwane zeNtshontsho
Oku kulula. Abantwana abanqabile kakhulu badinga iintsholongwane xa benesifo somqala ngaphandle kokuba banesifo se-streptococcal (strep). Ngenxa yokuba umqala wesifo (pharyngitis) zidla ngokubangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, kufuneka uvavanyo lwe-strep lwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba i-antibiotics imiselwe.
Ukuba umntwana une- strep throat , koko unyango lwe-antibiotic lungabandakanya:
- Penicillin V
- i-amoxicillin yesilinganiso esilinganiselweyo
- I-benzenzine penicillin G (ipenicillin idubule)
Abantwana abaneepenicillin yokungakwazi ukunyangwa kwegazi bangaphathwa nge-cephalosporin yesizukulwana sokuqala, njenge-cephalexin (Keflex) okanye i-cefadroxil (i-Duricef), i-clindamycin, i-azithromycin (i-Zithromax), okanye i-clarithromycin (i-Biaxin).
Antibiotics yeBronchitis
Kuza kumangaliswa kubazali abaninzi ukuba i-AAP Red Book ithi "ukugula komzimba ongathandabuzekiyo / i-bronchitis ebantwini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yimizuzu engakanani, ayifuni ukufumana unyango lwe-antimicrobial."
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-bronchitis enamandla ingabangela ukukhwehlela, okunokuvelisa, kwaye ikwazi ukuhlala kwiiveki ezintathu. Kwaye kwakhona, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulwa ne-antibiotics akukhuthazwa ukuba uphathe unyango lwe-bronchitis.
Umntwana wakho usenokumisela umyalelo wokulwa ne-antibiotiki ukuba unomkhuhlane ohlala ixesha elide elide elide kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye ugqirha wakho uyakrokra ukuba kubangelwa enye yebhaktheriya:
- Bordetella parapertussis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni i-antibiotics isetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ukunyanga i-bronchitis, buze ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna ngokwenene i-antibiotiki xa ehlahlela.
IiAn Antibiotic for Infections
Ngoxa iindawo ezikhulayo kunye nezinye iimeko zesikhumba ziqhelekile kubantwana, ngenhlanhla, ininzi ayifuni unyango ngamayeza. Abanye ke, nangona kunjalo, kunye nokunyuka kwama-bacterium anganyangekiyo, kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho onentsholongwane yesikhumba enqunywe i-antibiotiki.
Izifo zesikhumba kunye nezifo ezincinci zingabandakanya:
- i-cellulitis ngaphandle kwe-purulent (pus) yamanzi-ayikhathazeki kakhulu nge-MRSA, ngoko-ke ingasetyenziswa i-anti-staph kunye / okanye i-anti-strep antibiotics, njenge-cephalexin okanye i-cefadroxil.
- i-cellulitis ene-purulent (pus) yamanzi-antibiotic ezithatha i- MRSA , kubandakanya i-clindamycin, i-TMP-SMX (i-Bactrim), i-tetracycline (abantwana abaneminyaka engama-8 ubudala), okanye i-linezolid.
- I-abscess - antibiotics ezenza i-MRSA, kuquka i-clindamycin, i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (i-Bactrim), i-tetracycline (abantwana abaneminyaka engama-8 ubudala), okanye i-linezolid.
- impetigo - mupirocin 2% i-opiyo okanye i-antibiotics yomlomo yamatyala amaninzi (cephalexin okanye cefadroxil).
I-abscess elula ingaphathwa ngaphandle kwee-antibiotiki ukuba inokucinywa, ayibi ngakumbi, kwaye umntwana unempawu ezintle. Ubumpofu obunzulu obungakumbi buya kufuna i-hospitalization, i-drainage kunye ne-IV antibiotics.
I-Bactrim, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuphatheni i-MRSA, ayiphatha i-beta-hemolytic streptococci ibhaktheriya, enokubangela ukuba izifo ezithile zesikhumba. Oku kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho angamniki iBactrim ukuba akayikrokreli ukuba umntwana wakho unesi-MRSA.
Antibiotics for Diarrhea
Abazali akalindelanga ukuba imithi yokulwa ne-antibiotic xa abantwana babo benesifo sohudo. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba isifo sohudo sivame ukubangelwa izifo zentsholongwane, iipasasites, kunye nokutyhelwa kokutya, njl., Nangona kubangelwa yi-bhakteriya, akudingeki ukuba ube ne-antibiotics.
Enyanisweni, kwezinye iimeko, i-antibiotics ingenza umntwana wakho ahlaselwe yisifo sohudo.
- I-Salmonellosis - I-Diarrhea ebangelwa yi- Salmonella ibhakteria ngokuqhelekileyo iyahamba yodwa. I-antibiotics ingenza umntwana wakho abe negalelo kwixesha elide.
- I-Shigellosis - I-Diarrhea ebangelwa yi- Shigella ibhakteria ingahamba yodwa, kodwa iimeko ezinzima zingadinga unyango ngamayeza. Amachiza e-anti-antitictic advocacy for Shigella afaka i-azithromycin kunye ne-ceftriaxone ukuba ukuchasana nemithi yokulwa ne-antibiotics, njenge-amoxicillin kunye ne-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
- Izifo ezibangelwa yi- E. coli - I-diarrhea ebangelwa ngu- E. coli ngokuqhelekileyo iyahamba yodwa. Ukuba unyangwa ngamayeza, ezinye, ezifana ne-Shiga-producing cox (STEC), zingenza umntwana wakho abe mngciphekweni we-HUS (i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - imeko engasongela ubomi ebandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kunye nokuphelelwa kwezintso).
- I-Campylobacteriosis - Idayarrha ebangelwa yi- Campylobacter ibhakteria idinga unyango nge-azithromycin ukuba umntwana unempawu ezinzima.
- I-Clostridium difficile - Abantu abathatha i-antibiotics basengozini ye- C. festile , eya kubangela ukuhanjiswa, kwaye kufuneka ukuba iphathwe nge-antibiotic efana ne-metronidazole.
Ekubeni ama-antibiotics ayisoloko ayimfuneko kwiintsholongwane ezininzi ezibangela ukurhoxwa, kwaye ngokwenene, kunokubangela ukuhanjiswa ngokwabo, njengoko kunjalo nezinye izifo, qiniseka ukuba ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba umntwana uyayifuna. Iintsholongwane aziyiyo impendulo xa umntwana wakho egula okanye xa u tyelela ugqirha.
Imithombo:
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I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Guideline Practice Guideline. Uxilongo noLawulo lwe-Acute Otitis Media. Izifo zengqondo Vol. 113 No. 5. iphe 1451-1465.
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Guideline Practice Guideline. Uxilongo noLawulo lwe-Acute Otitis Media. Izifo zengqondo Vol. 131 Ngomhla ka-1 kuMatshi 1, 2013. iphe. E964-e999.
I-American Academy yePediatrics. Iimigaqo zoLungelelwano olufanelekileyo malunga neeNtsholongwane eziPhezulu zokuPhefumula. I-Red Book 2012: 802-805.
American Heart Association. Ukuthintela i-Rheumatic Fever kunye nokuxilongwa kunye nokuPhathwa kweStrate-styptococcal Pharyngitis. 2009: 119: 1541-1551.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo zeMicrosoft Practice Practice Guideline. Ukulawulwa kwezigulane ezinezifo ezibangelwa yi-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zonyango; 2011; 52: 1-38.