Iimbangela zeSandla, iMilenze, kunye neSifo seMlomo
Ngaphambi kwe- norovirus , i-coxsackievirus mhlawumbi yenye yezona zifo zintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezingazange zive. Okokuqala kufumaniswe ngo-1940, luhlobo lwe-enterovirus engekho i-polio. Eli qela leentsholongwane libandakanya i-echoviruses kunye nezinye i-enteroviruses (enye yazo, i- enterovirus D68 , yabangela ukugqabhuka kwamanye amazwe kwizifo zokuphefumula e-United States edibene ne-flaccid paralysis).
Nangona ungekho uqhelane ne-coxsackievirus, nokuba kunjalo, ukuba unomntwana kukho ithuba elihle lokuba uyazi malunga nosulelo kwaye indlela enye yezintlu zawo idala isandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo (HFMD). Ingulelo oluqhelekileyo lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yobuncinane, obangelwa yi-coxsackievirus A16.
Konke, kukho i-serotypes ezingama-29 ze-coxsackievirus ezingabangela ukusuleleka kubantu, kuquka:
- Coxsackievirus A2-8, A10, A12, A14, A16 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus A)
- Coxsackievirus A9 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus B)
- Coxsackievirus B1-6 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus B)
- Coxsackievirus A1, A11, A13, A17, A19-22, A24 (uhlobo lwe-Human enterovirus C)
Ukususela ngo-2007, i-coxsackievirus A6 ibangele iimeko ezinzima kunye neengxaki ze-HFMD e-United States, kuquka nabantu abadala.
Izifo ezihlukeneyo zeCoxsackievirus
Kwakhona, i-HFMD, enezilonda emlonyeni womntwana kunye ne-blisters ezandleni nasezinyaweni, ngokuqhelekileyo isifo esaziwayo kakhulu esibangelwa yi-coxsackievirus, kodwa i-coxsackievirus idibene nayo:
- Ukusulelwa kwesisu : ukukhulelwa ekukhulelweni kwasasazeka kumntwana
- Izifo ezithintekayo nge-neonatal: ezingavamile, kodwa zingabangela iingxaki zokuphuma kwegazi, i-hepatitis, i-meningitis, i-meningoencephalitis, i-myocarditis, kunye ne-sepsis, njl., kwaye ibonakala ngokugqitywa kwelizwe lonke le-coxsackievirus B1 ngo-2007
- i-conjunctivitis enesifo esibi: I- Coxsackievirus A24 ingabangela ukugqabhuka kwamehlo epinki kunye ne-subconjunctival hemorrhages
- isifo sesisu: I- coxsackievirus ingabangela i-hepatitis, isifo sohudo, okanye i- gastroenteritis , kunye ne-HUS.
- i-herpangina: efana ne-HFMD, kunye nezilonda zomlomo, kodwa ngaphandle kokugqithisa okanye i-blister kwizandla zomntwana okanye ezinyaweni
- i-meningitis
- i-myopericarditis: ukuvuvukala kunye nomonakalo kwintliziyo yesisu kunye nengxowa ejikeleze intliziyo, enokubangelwa yi-coxsackievirus B1, B2, kunye ne-B5
- i-myositis: ukuvuvukala kwemisipha, enokubangelwa yi-coxsackievirus
- i-petechial kunye ne-purpuric rashes: ngokukodwa nge-coxsackievirus A9, eya kudideka noHenoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)
- i-pleurodynia: ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kwentlungu yesifuba ebangelwa ukuvuvukala kwesithintelo kunye nokuxhomekeka kwe-coxsackievirus
- izifo zokuphefumula: ngokuqhelekileyo ngokukhwehlela kancinci, impumlo ye-runny, kunye nomqala oyingozi kwaye kungabangelwa yi-coxsackievirus A21 kunye ne-A24 ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni
I-coxsackievirus inokubangela izifo ezingapheliyo nezifo kunye ne- roseola- efana nokugula-intsholongwane iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwethathu zilandelwa ukukhawuleza iintsuku ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu.
Okumangalisa kukuba, uninzi lwabantu abane-coxsackievirus lungenalo iimpawu, kwaye akukho gonyolo, unyango, okanye unyango lwe-coxsackievirus ngaphandle kokunyamekela nokunyamekela iimpawu.
Oku kuyavakalayo, kodwa ngenhlanhla, ukutheleleka kwee-coxsackievirus eziqhelekanga akuzona zibi.
Ukufumana nokuKhusela ii-Coxsackievirus Infections
Abantwana bangagula malunga neentsuku ezintathu ukuya kweyesithandathu emva kokuba bevezwe komntu onentsholongwane ye-coxsackievirus (ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa ). Bafumana njani le ntsholongwane?
Njengezifo ezininzi zentsholongwane, i-coxsackievirus isasazwa ngumbini womlomo (ulwalamano oluchanekileyo okanye olungathanga ngqo kunye nesitulo) kunye nokudlulisela ukuphefumula (umntu ukhuphaza okanye udibanisa kuwe). Banokufumana ezi zifo ngokuchaphazela into ecocekileyo (ifom).
Ngokomzekelo, i-CDC ithi "unokusulelwa ngumntu ophethe isandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo okanye ngokuthinta i-stickorkob eneentsholongwane kuyo, uze uthinte amehlo, umlomo, okanye impumlo."
Sekunjalo, kuba abantwana banokukrazula i-coxsackievirus kwisigxina sabo kunye neendlela zokuphefumula (amathala kunye nemfihlo yomsongo) emva kweeveki emva kokuba iimpawu zabo zishiye okanye zingenakho naziphi iimpawu, ukuqubuka kuya kuba nzima ukulawula okanye ukuphepha.
Mhlawumbi kutheni kungabikho izikhokelo eziqinileyo zokugcina abantwana bangabikho esikolweni nasezinkcenkcesheni zesikhokhelo xa benama-HFMD. I-CDC, umzekelo, ithi "Ufanele uhlale ekhaya xa ugula ngesandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo," kungekhona ukuba ufanele uhlale ekhaya ngelixa unayo i- HFMD. Kwaye eTexas, iSebe lezeMpilo lithi abantwana abaneHFMD banokuya esikolweni kunye nokunyamekelwa kweso ngosuku nje ngokuba bengenawo umkhuhlane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, ukuhlambulula izandla, ukukhusela iimfihlakalo zokuphefumula, kunye nokukhubaza iindawo ezingcolileyo kubaluleke ngaphezu kwanini ngaphambili ukukhusela ukugula nokusabalala kwezi zifo.
Amaqiniso Okumazi Nge Coxsackievirus
Ezinye izinto ozaziyo malunga nokutheleleka kwe-coxsackievirus ziquka:
- Amanye amaxesha ngamanye amaxesha abona iimeko ezinzima kakhulu ze-HFMD, rhoqo zibangelwa yi-enterovirus 71.
- I-Coxsackievirus ayithathwa njengengozi enkulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kungekhona isifo sesihlanu, nangona kufuneka uthabathe amanyathelo okuqapha kwaye usagcina nabani na nge-HFMD okanye enye i-coxsackievirus intsholongwane xa ukhulelwe.
- Nangona kukho ingxabano, ezinye iingcali zicinga ukuba uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luya kudibaniswa nohlobo lwangaphambili lwe-coxsackievirus B.
- Ukukhunga isikhumba kwezandla kunye neenyawo kunye ne-dilstrophies yezipikili ziyakwenzeka emva kokusuleleka kwe-coxsackievirus, ngakumbi i-coxsackievirus A6. I-dystrophy ye-nail isuka ekuphuhliseni imigca yeBeau (ezinzulu, iindawo ezizungezile ezingxenyeni zomntwana), i-nail breakage, ekulahlekeni ngokwenene okanye izikhonkwane ezininzi kwaye ivela emva kweenyanga ezimbini emva kokusuleleka.
- Uvavanyo lunokwenzelwa ezininzi iintlobo ze-coxsackievirus, kubandakanywa ne-reverse transcriptase-polmerase yokusabela kwesikrini (i-PCR) kunye nekcubeko, kodwa akuyona into engenziwa rhoqo okanye ngokukhawuleza kwiofisi yezingane. Akuyimfuneko nokuba kunjalo.
- Ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezithile ze-coxsackievirus zivame ukuvela kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwemihlanu, kanti ezinye zijikeleza kumazinga aphantsi ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi kwiindawo ezitshatyalaliswayo. Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, kubandakanywa ne-US, i-coxsackievirus izifo zixhaphake kakhulu ehlobo kunye neenyanga eziwa.
- Ukuba usulelo lwe-coxsackievirus ye-serotype ayinakukukhusela kunoma yiphi na enye, ngoko unako, kwaye mhlawumbi uya kuthi, ufumane ii-coxsackievirus izifo kaninzi ebomini bakho. Ukusetyenzwa kwe-cross-reactactivity phakathi kwe-serotypes kunokunika ukhuseleko, nangona kunjalo.
Imithombo:
Ukunyuka kweeNtsholongwane kunye neNtsholongwane eLawulayo i-Neonatal enobudlelwane kunye neCoxsackievirus B1 Infection. Eunited States. 2007. MMWR. NgoMeyi 23, 2008/57 (20); 553-556.
Mandell, Douglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Uluhlu lwesishiyagalombili.
McIntyre MG, et al. Amanqaku avela kwiNgcambu: Isandla esinamandla, iinyawo, kunye neengxaki zomlomo ezihlanganiswe neCoxsackievirus A6-Alabama, Connecticut, California, ne-Nevada, ngoNovemba 2011-Februwari 2012. I-MMWR. Matshi 30, 2012/61 (12); 213-214.
U-Oberste MS, i-Gerber SI. I-enteroviruses kunye ne-parechoviruses. 2014. Ku: IiNtsholongwane eziNtsholongwane kuBantu, 5th .; Kaslow RA, Stanberry LR, LeDuc JW, eds. Springer, eNew York; iphe 225-252.
Incwadi Ebomvu: Umbiko ka-2015 weKomiti yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Pickering LK, ed. 30. I-Elk Grove Village, IL: i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics; 2015.
Stewart, et al. I-Coxsackievirus i-A6-Inceded-Foot-Foot-Mouth Disease. JAMA Dermatol . 2013; 149 (12): 1419-1421.