I-virus ye-MERS isasazeka kodwa iya kuza eUnited States?
Ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2015, amagosa aseMzantsi Korea ahlukanisa amawaka abantu ngenxa yokwesaba ukukhulelwa kwe-MERS. Ngaphambili, le ntsholongwane yokuphefumula yayiqhelekile kwiPeninsula yaseArabia. Nangona kunjalo, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi 2015, indoda eneminyaka engama-68 ubudala yaseKorea ebuya eSaudi Arabia yakwazi ukubonisa abasebenzi bezempilo kwiibhedlele ezi-3 kule ntsholongwane eyayinokubulawa ngaphambi kokufumana i-diagnostic.
Ngoku, abantu abavela kumazwe lonke ihlabathi bayesaba ukukhwabanisa kwe-SARS-circa 2003.
Yintoni i-MERS?
I-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, okanye iMERS ngokufutshane, i-coronavirus e sasazwa emoyeni. ukuba abantu abanentsholongwane baphuma, ngamanye amagama, abantu abane-MERS bakhulula amaconsi okuphefumla ane-virus. Ezi zixube zibachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abo basondelelene nabo okanye banamathele kwiifomites okanye izinto ezifana nefowuni kunye nezitya kunye nokuchaphazela abanye ngale ndlela. Ngokuthakazelisayo, iinkamela sele zibandakanyeke ekusasazeni kwe-MERS, kwaye abantu abavakatye eMiddle East baqatshelwa ukuba baphephe ukusebenzisana nale zi lwanyana, ukusela ubisi babo nokutya inyama yengamela. (Ewe, abantu badla inyama yekamela.)
I-MERS yaqala ukufunyaniswa ngokusemthethweni eSaudi Arabia ngoSeptemba 2012. (Nangona ingazange ifumaneke ngolu hlobo, i-MERS icingelwa ukuba yavela kuqala eJordani ngo-Apreli 2012.) UMERS uyathintela ngokungakhethi, kwaye abantu abaye bagula ngenxa yeli gciwane bahlala kwiintsana ukusuka kwiintsana a badala.
Ukususela ngo-2012, i-MERS ibulale abantu abangama-400 eSaudi Arabia.
Kwamanye abantu, i-MERS ibangela ukuba akukho zifo okanye izifo ezintle. Kwezinye, nangona kunjalo, i-virus ye-MERS ibangela umkhuhlane, ukubola kunye nokuphefumula. Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi ziquka ukuncwina, ukuhlanza, ukuphazamiseka kwepneumonia kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezintso. Kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwe-40 yabathintelekileyo, i-MERS ibangela ukulahlekelwa ubomi.
I-MERS inobungozi ngakumbi kulabo abaneendlela zokuzivikela ezibuthathaka, okanye abantu abaxhatshazwayo (izigulane zezokwelapha ngezifo ezisele zikhona) ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umhlaza wesifo somhlaza okanye i-kidney disysction.
I-MERS ichongwa njani?
I-MERS ifunyaniswa ukuba isebenzisane ngokudibanisa imbali, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kunye nokuvavanywa kwebhubhoratri. Ngokukodwa, ukuba usandula ukuya eMiddle East kwaye ufumana iimpawu zokuphefumula, ngoko ugqirha wakho kufuneka acinge ngolu hlobo lokuxilonga aze ahlele umyalelo wokutshintshwa kwe-PCR. (Ngo-2013, emva kokuba i-FDA ikhishwe kunye nokuGunyaziswa kokuSetyenziswa kokuPhezulu, i-CDC inikwe i-hardware ukuhlolwa kwe-MERS kwizikhulu ezibhedlele ezinkulu kwihlabathi.)
Kulabo bachaphazelekayo, i-MERS ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha iintsuku ezintlanu ukuya ezintandathu ukuze ikhutshwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izifo, isifo sele siboniswe ngeentsuku ezimbini okanye emva kweentsuku ezili-14 emva kokuphuma.
I-MERS ithathwa njani?
Nangona ii-CDC ziqwalasela ukuphuhliswa kwe-MERS yokugonya, akukho nonyango oluthile lweMERS olukhoyo ngoku. Endaweni yoko, abantu abanezifo banikezelwa ngononophelo oluncedisayo olubandakanya amanzi, ukungena umoya kunye nokunye. Ukongezelela, abantu kwiindawo apho i-MERS ixhaphakile ukugqoka ubuso buso malunga nabo banokusuleleka.
Abantu abasemngciphekweni kufuneka baphinde bahlaziye ngokungafanelekileyo, bagcine izandla zabo zicoceke kwaye banqamle ukudibanisa ngokusondeleyo njengokubamba kunye nokwabelana ngempahla nabantu abanokuba ne-MERS.
Nangona abantu abaneMERS nave babonakala bexelwe kwaye baphathwe ekhaya, ukuba eso sifo sibe yinkinga yangempela e-United States nakwamanye amazwe athuthukileyo, mhlawumbi sijonge imeko ye-SARSesque.
Ngokukodwa, abantu abane-MERS baya kufuna ukuba bahlale behlala kwigumbi lesibhedlele elixhotyiswe nge-aeration ezizimeleyo. Ngaphezu koko, abasebenzi bezempilo abanakekela izigulane kunye ne-MERS baya kufuna ukugqoka iimaski baze bathathe ezinye izikhuselo.
Ekugqibeleni, iiprotokthi zenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo ziya kufuneka kwakhona ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe i-ventilators, i-nebulazers kunye nokunye okunjalo.
Usemngciphekweni weMERS?
Ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka kwangoko eMzantsi Korea, abantu abangaphandle kwaMbindi Mpuma babecingelwa phantsi kwengozi ephantsi yokungena kwi-MERS. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi no-2015, bekukho iimeko ezimbini kuphela ze-MERS e-United States, bobabini phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo ababuya eMiddle East. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abane-MERS beye bahamba kuphela ukuba bafikelele omnye umntu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwe-MERS eSouth Korea kunamagosa ezempilo karhulumente kunye neengxaki ze-epidemiologists emhlabeni jikelele ukuqwalasela kwakhona ingozi yentsholongwane.
Iingcali ziyazibuza ukuba ngaba iimeko zaseMzantsi Korea zibangelwa yintsholongwane kunye neyingozi okanye isifo esiyingozi. Iingcali ziphinde zibuze ukuba ngaba isigulane sisifo seSouth Korea, isiqhankqalazi se-68 ubudala, "si-supercarrier" kuba uye wahlasela abantu abaninzi (kubandakanywa nendodana yakhe). Ngamanye amazwi, le ndoda inokuthwala imithwalo ephezulu yentsholongwane kwimiphefumlo yokuphefumula ephefumulayo. Ukongezelela, le ndoda yaza yahlasela umntu oneminyaka engama-35 ubudala, waza wahlasela abantu abangama-82! Ekugqibeleni, ezinye iingcali zichaza ukuba amaKorea ngokwabo baye banyuselwa kwisifo.
Nangona uninzi lwabantu baseMelika nabaseYurophu basenokuba yingozi enkulu kuMERS, ii-CDC kunye nezinye i-arhente zezempilo kunye nekarhulumente ziqaphele ukuba zisasazeka phakathi kwabantu abaya kumazwe aseNtshona avela kuMbindi Mpuma kwaye ngoku baseMzantsi Korea. Okubaluleke kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, i-CDC ayicebisi ukuba umntu aguqule izicwangciso zokuhamba. Ingqalelo, ukubuya kwabahambi abaneempawu zokuphefumula kungabinqunyulwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.
Zonke izinto ezicatshangelwayo, mhlawumbi unobungozi obuncinane bokusuleleka kuMERS ngokukodwa ukuba awuhambanga kwelinye ilizwe.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ufumana iimpawu zokuphefumula kwaye ubuye ebuya kuMbindi Mpuma, eMzantsi Korea okanye nakweliphi na ilizwe eliye lafumana ukutshatyalaliswa kweMERS kwangoku, kubalulekile ukuxelela udokotela ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuba uxelele ikliniki okanye abasebenzi basebhedlele ukuba uyasikrokrela esi sifo ukuze abasebenzi bezempilo bathathe amanyathelo okukhusela, kwaye ezinye izigulana zingasuswa kwindawo ngaphambi kokuba ungene.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukuba uyakrokrela iMERS, ufanele uhambe kuphela esibhedlele kwaye uhambe ngokucacileyo kwezinye iindawo zoluntu. Ukubhenca koluntu kungabangela ukukhathazeka kwezempilo. Ngokomzekelo, iSouth Korea kufuneka ivalwe izikolo eziliwaka kunye nezibhedlele ngenxa yokwesaba ukusabalala kweMERS.
Imithombo
UDurrani TS, iHarrison RJ. Izifo zoLuntu. Ku: LaDou J, Harrison RJ. eds. UKUPHATHWA KWEZINDAWO ZONYAKA Nonyango: I-Occupational & Environmental Health, 5e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. Kufumaneka ngoJuni 07, 2015.
I-Article ebizwa ngokuthi "iSouth Korea Scrambles yokugcina i-MERS Virus" nguOwen Dyer epapashwe kwi-BMJ ngo-2015. Kufumaneka ngomhla we-6/7/2015.