Iimpawu kunye neMpawu zoKhusela okungavumelekanga kwabantwana
Izingane zibonakala ziphosa ngokulula, nokuba ingaba ngumntwana othabatha amanyathelo akhe okuqala okanye umntwana onokufunda esikolweni onzima-ahlale onke amaxesha. Ngethamsanqa, nangona abazali abaninzi banenkxalabo yokuba ukutyumla kukuphawu lokugula okukhulu, ixesha elininzi liqhelekile.
Izibonakaliso zeBraising Normal and Bleeding
Ewe, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa abantwana abanentsholongwane ephaphazelekayo, efana ne- hemophilia , kulabo abanokuqhwaba ngokulula xa beqala ukuhamba behamba.
Ukuqhwala ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka kumakhanda omntwana ngenxa yokuba bavame ukuhlutha imilenze yabo ephantsi malunga nezinto njengoko zihamba okanye zihamba; le mivimbo ivame ukulala kunye neyincinci kunebukhulu bekota. Abantwana abasebancinci bavame ukufumana imivimbo emabunzini abo ekugqibeleni iintloko zabo nokuwa, nabo.
Iimpawu zepumphu zihlala zikhona esinye isibonakaliso esivakalisa abazali ukuba bacinge ukuba umntwana wabo unesifo sokuphaphaka, kodwa ngaphandle kweminye imiqondiso echazwe ngezantsi, iimpumlo zengxowanqa ziqhelekile kubantwana abancinci.
Ngaba Imbala Yombala?
Ngokuqhelekileyo xa umntu ephazamisa indawo ebomvu ibonakala ekuqaleni, enokuthi ungayiqapheli okanye ungayiboni. Ngomhla okanye emva koko umbala obomvu obomvu okanye umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiqhele ukudibanisa nokuqhwala kubonakala. Njengoko utyumpozo luphilisa, luya kuba luhlaza, luphuzi kwaye lube luhlaza obomvu ngaphambi kokuba luphele. Inkqubo inokuthatha iiveki ezimbini. Ukuba uqaphela imivimbo emntwaneni wakho engalandeli lo mzekelo okanye ungaphilanga, xubusha kunye nodokotela wezilwanyana.
Izibonakaliso zokuHlenga nokuHlanywa okungaqhelekanga
Eminye imiqondiso enjengobungakanani kunye nendawo yokuvuthwa, okanye ixesha elithathayo ukuphuma kwegazi, lingabonakalisa iiflegi ezibomvu eziza kutyunjwa kunye nokuphuma kwegazi kufuneka zihlolwe ngugqirha. Ezi ziquka:
- Imivalo emikhulu ephakanyiswayo kwaye ibonakala ingalingani nxamnye nokulimala okubangele. Ngokomzekelo, ukukrakra okukhulu kakhulu kwincinci encinane etafileni.
- Izibhamu ezingachazwanga ezenzeka ngaphandle kwembali yokuwa okanye ukulimala.
- Izibhamu ezibonakala ngathi zide kakhulu (ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbalwa).
- Imbali yentsapho yokulapha okanye ukululaza kwintsapho. Izifo ezininzi zokuphuma kwegazi, ezifana nesifo se-von Willebrand kunye ne-hemophilia, ziyimfuyo, ngoko imvelaphi yentsapho yokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokululaza okulula kuyakuphakamisa ukusola ukuba umntwana unokufumana ingxaki efanayo.
- Iphunga legazi (epistaxis) elihlala ixesha elingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15, emva kokunyanga okufanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluchanekileyo.
- Ukuphuma kwegazi ngokugqithisileyo emva kweenkqubo zamathambo okanye ukuhlinzwa.
- Nayiphi na imivalo ebantwaneni abangazange baqale ukukhwela, ukuhamba, okanye ukuhamba.
- Iziqhumane kwiindawo ezingavamile, ezifana nesifuba somntwana, umva, izandla, indlebe, ubuso, okanye iintsimbi.
- Ngomntwana, ixesha lokuya esikhathini elinde ixesha elide kuneentsuku ezisixhenxe okanye ezinzima kwiintsuku ezingaphezu kweentsuku.
Iimvavanyo zoBuqhelo obungavamile kunye nokuhlamba
Uninzi lwabantwana abaneziqhelo eziqhelekileyo abayi kulufuna nawuphi na uvavanyo. Xa izivunguzo zinkulu okanye zidibene nezinye iimpawu ezingasiphakamisela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, kufuneka uvavanyo lube lufuneka.
Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwabantwana ngokukrakra lungabandakanya:
- Gcwalisa inani legazi (CBC) . Ukongezelela kwinani okanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu kunye neeseli zegazi ezimhlophe , inani elipheleleyo legazi liza kubonisa inani leeplatelet umntwana analo, ezibalulekileyo ekuncedeni igazi ukuba livale.
- I-blood smear yegazi. Olu vavanyo lubheka igazi lomntwana phantsi kwe-microscope ukujonga ubukhulu kunye nomgangatho weeseli zegazi lomntwana.
- PT kunye ne-PTT, okanye ixesha leprothrombin kunye nexesha le-thromboplastin elincinane . Oku kulinganisa indlela igazi eligcoba ngayo kwaye uncedise ukuba ngaba umntwana unokufumana ingxaki yegazi, njenge-hemophilia.
- I-Factor VIII, i-factor X, ne-XI . Le mibandela ethile ilahlekile okanye ayikho ekhoyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemophilia.
- Fibrinogen . Le protheni eyanceda igazi ukuba livale kunye nokusilela kuya kubakho ukuphuma igazi elide.
- Ixesha lokuhlamba. Olu vavanyo lujonge ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.
- Umsebenzi we-PFA-100 platelet . Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela iiplatelet ezinokusebenza ngayo kwaye zithatha indawo yokuhlolwa kwexesha elingapheliyo kwi-labs ezininzi.
- Umsebenzi we-Ristocetin cofactor kunye neVon Willebrand antigen. Ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga isifo se-von Willebrand .
Ezinye izizathu zokuhlambalaza nokuhlambalaza
Njengoko umntanakho ufunda ukuhamba, uya kuwela kwaye aqhube kwizinto ezininzi, ukufumana izibhamu ezimbalwa endleleni. Abantwana abakhulileyo bavame ukuba neengcambu kwiingalo zabo nasemilenzeni ngokudlala nokusebenza. Iingqungquthela zolu hlobo alukho nto ekukhathazayo ngayo. Ezinye izizathu zokubetha zingabandakanya:
- Ukuwa kunye nokulimala. Akumangalisi ukuba ukulimala kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekubhikeni okukhulu. Esikhundleni sokujonga nje ubukhulu besikhubekiso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucinga malunga nokuba ingozi leyo ayixhomekeke kwingozi. Ngoko ulindele ukuba utyumle xa umntanakho ewela emthini kunokuba uhamba nje aze awele ngotshani.
- Uhlukunyezo lwabantwana. Ukuqhaqhazela kwiintsana, izibhamu ezingachazwanga, izibhamu kwiindawo ezingavamile (iingalo ezingaphezulu, izandla, indlebe, intamo, iintambo, njl njl), kunye nemivimbo yeemeko ezithile, njengombala omkhulu wokuluma, ukutshisa i-cigarette okanye uphawu lwebhanti lunokuba yimpawu zomntwana xhatshazwa.
- Isifo seVon Willebrand. Oku kuyinto evamile, nangona ihlala ilula, i-genetic disorder disorder engabangela ukukrakra , ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukuphuma kwamanzi emva kokuhlinzwa.
- Thrombocytopenia . Leli yigama lekliniki ngokubalwa kweplatelet ephantsi, okungabangela ukuba iiplatelets zingakhange ziveliswe, ziyabhujiswa, okanye xa zigcinwe kwi-penti ekhulisiweyo.
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). I-disorder disorder, i-ITP ikhokelela ekuhleni kweeplatelets egazini ngama-antibodies kunye ne-platelet count count. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucatshangelwa ukuba kubangelwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yintsholongwane , emva koko abantwana abancinci bakhula iimvalo ezinkulu kunye ne-petechiae (amancinci amancinci aphantsi kwesikhumba).
- UHenoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Le ngxaki yomzimba ingabangela intlungu yesisu, izitofu zamanzi, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, kunye nokugqithwa okwehlukile kwiingalo zomntwana, imilenze, kunye nezikhwelo ezibukeka njengeziqholo (purpura).
- I-Hemophilia A (i-factor VIII i-deficiency) okanye i- hemophilia B (ukulahleka kwe-factor IX). I-Hemophilia idlalwa phambi kokuba umntwana uneminyaka emibili ukuya kwemihlanu ubudala xa abantwana banokuba negazi elilula, ukuphuma kumalungu, okanye ukuphuma kwegazi ngokugqithisileyo emva kwenkqubo yokusika okanye yamazinyo.
- Leukemia . Ukongeza kwi-bruising elula, ukuphuma kwamanzi, kunye nokubalwa kweplatelet, abantwana abane-leukemia baya kubakho nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu, ezifana nesibalo esibomvu seeselfini, umkhuhlane kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo, umzekelo.
- Ukunqongophala kweVitamin K. Ayanele ngokwaneleyo i- vitamin K1 okanye i- vitamin K2, efunekayo ukuze kupheliswe igazi ngenxa yendima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yeprothrombin (i-clotting factor), ingakhokelela kwiingxaki zokuphuma kwegazi.
- Imiphumo emibi yamachiza athile. I-Aspirin , amayeza athatywayo kunye nezinye iziza-antibiotics zingabangela ukutyumla okanye ukuphuma.
ILizwi
Nangona ukuqhwala kudla ngokuqhelekileyo kubantwana, ukuba umntwana wakho unobungozi obunzima okanye ululaza kunye nezinye iimpawu zokugula kwegazi, kubalulekile ukuthetha nomntwana wakho. Ukuvavanywa nokuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo kunokukwenza ukuba ingqondo yakho ikhululeke okanye ikuncedise ugqirha wengane yakho ukuba unqume ukuba lunjani uhlobo lokunyamekela kunye nonyango olufunekayo.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba abantwana bayaphinda bavuthiwe kwaye ziqhelekile. Uninzi lwexesha, akukho sidingo sokukhathazeka.
> Imithombo
- > Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, Heslop H, Weitz J, Anastasi J. Hematology: Imigaqo-siseko kunye nokuSebenza, 6th . Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier. 2013.
- > Kliegman RM, uStanton B, uSt. Geme J, uSchor NF. Ncwadana yeNcwadana yeePediatrics, 20th . Philadelphia, PA. Elsevier. 2016.
- > Yee DL. Iimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia kubantwana. Ku: UkuPhakamisa. I-Armsby C (ed). Isemgangathweno. 2016.