Xa sicinga ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, sisoloko sicinga ngesizathu esivakalayo kubantu ababhema: ugwayi. Kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvela kubantu abangakhange bavume. Enyanisweni, umhlaza wamaphaphu angabikho ababhemayo ubonwa njengesi-6 okanye yesi-7 eyona nto ibangela umdla wokufa komhlaza eMelika.
Yintoni ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangazange bavume, kwaye kutheni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubela phambili uphando kwizizathu?
Ukongezelela, ukunyaniseka komdlavuza wamaphaphu - kukubona njani uluntu ngokubanzi ukuba abantu "bafanelwe" ngumhlaza wamaphaphu ngenxa yokuba bavutha - banokuchaphazela abangabhemi?
Ukuchaza abantu abangabheyi
Kubalulekile ukuqala ngokucacisa oko sithethayo ngabangabhemi (apha akubakho ababhemayo.) Emva koko, abaninzi abatsha bathatha ukukhupha okanye ababini kodwa abaze babe ngababhemayo abasebenza. Umntu ongabhekiyo uchazwa njengomntu oshiye iigarethi ezingaphantsi kwe-100 ngexesha lokuphila.
Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukujonga Iingxaki?
Ngamaxesha amaninzi umhlaza wesifo somdlavuza obangelwa ukutshaya, uphando luye lwalugxininisa kwindlela ugwayi obangela ngayo umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kunye neendlela zokunceda abantu bayeke ukutshaya. Nangona kudingekile, ngezinye iindlela le nto ibuhlungu kukuba uphando malunga nezizathu ezibangelwa ngabangabhemi zithathe isihlalo sokubuya. Akusiyo kuphela yoluntu jikelele ongenalo ulwazi ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangabhemi, kodwa oku kubandakanya nabanikezeli abanonophelo bezempilo.
Ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwamanani amaninzi kunokuqhuba le ngongoma ekhaya.
Izibalo ngokuphathelele umdlavuza weLung kwi-Non-Smokers (abaze bamtshaya)
- Amaphesenti angama-10 ukuya kwe-15 emdlavuza wamaphaphu ayenzeka nakubangasayi kubhema. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 yabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange bashiye.
- Ngo-2014, kulindeleke ukuba abafazi abangama-40 000 baya kufa ngenxa yomhlaza wesibeleko ( oku kubandakanya ababhemayo, abasaqalayo ukutshaya, nabangabhemi. ) Kulindeleke ukuba abafazi abangama-72,330 baya kufa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukwenza izibalo ezimbalwa ezilula, oku kuthetha ukuba aba-14,466 abangabhemiyo ababhemayo babelindeleke ukuba bafe ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ngokungafani nokuhla kwexesha lokutsha komdlavuza wamaphaphu emadodeni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubasetyhini abangabhiyiyo kubonakala bekhula .
Iimbangela ezibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-Lung kwi-Non-Smokers
- I-Radon - Ukubonakaliswa kwi-radon ekhaya kuyona nto ibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangakhange bavume. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abayi-21 000 bafa ngamnye ngonyaka eUnited States ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ukugqithiswa kwezemisebenzi Ekuhambeni komsebenzi kwiikhemikhali kunye nezinto zingabangela i-13 ukuya ku-29% ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga. Fumana indlela oyaziyo ukuba unokwenza izinto ezinobangela umdlavuza, kunye nento ongayenza ngayo ukuba ukhona.
- Umsi womsi wesibindi - Ukuboniswa komsi wesibambiso (obizwa ngokuba ngumsi wokutshaya umsi wobisi) unoxanduva lokufa umhlaza wesi-3 000 ngomhlaza waminyaka yonke.
- I-Asbestos - Ukubonakaliswa kwe- asbestos - mhlawumbi emsebenzini okanye ukwenza iphrojekthi yokulungisa ikhaya - iphakamisa umngcipheko wokuphucula umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye ne-mesothelioma.
- I-Genetics / Heredity - I-Heredity idlala indima enkulu kumdlavuza wamaphaphu phakathi kwabangabhemi kunokuba kubashushu. Eli nqaku lixoxa ngengozi ebonwa kwiintsapho. Kungekudala kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba utshintsho kwi "gene genetic breast" BRCA2, luphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Inguqu engaqhelekanga yokuguquka komzimba - i-T790M ye-EGFR ishintsho (inqaku: zininzi iintlobo zeenguqu ze- EGFR ) ziphumo kwi-31% yeengcipheko zobomi bonke abangabhubhisi umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Olu tshintsho olunqabileyo luzuzwa njengefosimali ebonakalayo-oko kuthetha ukuba xa umzali ethwala imfuza, iipesenti ezingama-50 zabantwana bazo ziya kudla ilifa. Ezinye izigulo zentsholongwane ziye zahlanganiswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangabhemi, ikakhulukazi kubantu baseAsia.
- Ukumoshwa komoya
- Umsi womlilo woMoya wokuHubula nokuCoba
- Ukubonakaliswa kwiMifumfucu yokuKhutshwa kweDesel
Engaziwayo kunye Nezizathu Zokuba I-Cancer Cancer kwi-Non-Smokers
- I-Granite Countertops - Njengoko igesi ye-radon iyakhululwa kwi-granite, kukho ukuxhalabisa ngoku kutshanje malunga nekhono lokunciphisa i-granite ukufaka ingozi kwimingciphe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ukuba unenkxalabo, eli nqaku lixoxa ngezinto esiziwayo ngoku, ziya kukuxelela ukuba uzame njani i-radon ngenxa yamanqwanqwa e-granite ekhaya lakho.
- I-Papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV) - Izifundo zakutsha zifumene ubukho be-HPV kumathumbu omphunga. Ayaziwa ngeli xesha, nangona kunjalo, ukuba lo mbutho unento enokuyenza ngayo. Kucingelwa ukuba i-HPV inokufaka isandla kwiinguqu ze-EGFR ezibonwa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu - ubuncinane eTaiwan.
Amanyathelo alandelayo
Ekubeni asinayo i-test test screening test for non-smokers, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu ezinokwenzeka ukuba awuzange uphuze. Ngenxa yeentlobo zamanomdla emiphunga abonwa ngabangabhemi, iimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezingabhemi zihlala zihluke, kwaye zifihlakele ngakumbi, kunezo kubashushu.
Ukuqonda ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga uyenzeka kubantu abangabhemi banokukunceda ufundise intsapho kunye nabahlobo bakho.
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. Kutheni i-Lung Cancer ihlaselwa ngabangenayo. Ukuhlaziywa 1028/13. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/why-lung-cancer-strikes-nonsmokers
Hosgood, H. et al. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yomzi kunye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu: ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kweemeta zophando lwee-case, ngokugxininiswa kokuhluka kweendawo. International Journal of Epidemiology . 2011. 40 (3): 719-28.
Li, C. et al. Iintlobo ze-Genetic kwi-TERT-CLPTM1L izakhi kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu kwabasetyhini baseTshayina. PLoS One . 2013. 8 (5): e64988.
Markowitz, S. et al. I-Asbestos, i-asbestosis, ukutshaya kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga. Iziphumo ezitsha ezisuka kwiqela lase-North American insulator. I-American Journal ye-Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 2013. 188 (1): 90-6.
Tung, M. et al. Umbutho we-epidermal growth factor receptor kunye ne-papillomavirus yabantu 16/18 E6 kwi-incoprotein ibonakaliso kwi-cell cell non-small cell. Cancer . 2013. 119 (18): 3367-76.