Ukutheleleka kweBacterial Common can Be Deadly In Advanced DIV
I-Mycobacterium avium complex, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-MAC, isifo esinobuchopho obuninzi obubonakalayo kubantu abanesifo esiphezulu se-HIV. Nangona nabani na abanokusuleleka nge-MAC, ukugula kubonisa kuphela kulabo abanamasosha omzimba athathaka kakhulu.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-MAC ichazwa njengesifo esichaza i-AIDS , esichaphazela naphi na abantu abavela kwi-20-40% yabantu abanexholongwane lokuxilonga nge-AIDS abangenalo unyango lwe-HIV okanye ukuthatha imithi yokukhusela i-prophylactic.
I-MAC idlulela kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zichaphazela imiphunga, nangona ezininzi zezifo zingathatyathwa njengosongelo lobomi.
Nangona kunjalo, xa inani le- CD4 lomntu lihla ngaphantsi kwe-cell cell / mL, i-MAC ingadlulela ngaphaya kwamaphaphu kwaye iquka ezinye iinkqubo ezinkulu, kuquka nesibindi, i-spleen, kunye nomnatha wethambo. Kuloo nto i-infection ye-MAC ingaba nzima kwizinto ezisongela ubomi.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeMAC?
Ukusuleleka kwe-MAC kaninzi kwenzeka emiphakeni okanye emathunjini kwaye kanoku kunokubakho ngeendlela ezimbalwa, ukuba zikhona, iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kusasazeka (kusasazeka) ngaphaya kwamaphaphu kunye negazi, kungabangela isifo esasasazekayo. Impawu zokuqala ze-MAC ziquka:
- Fever
- Ukukhupha ebusuku
- IChills
- Ukukhathala (ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa ye-anemia)
- Uhudo
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo (i-cachexia)
- Intlungu zesisu
I-MAC ichongwa njani?
Izifo ze-MAC zifunyaniswa ngabavavanyo bebhoratri ezingakwazi ukuchonga ibhaktheriya ye-MAC kwiisampuli zegazi okanye ithambo lomongo. Iisampuli ze-bone zomnkantso zivame ukukhishwa kwithambo le-hip ngenaliti, ngelixa iisampulu zegazi ziqokelelwa kwigazi eliqhelekileyo.
Isampuli sitshintshwe kwiibhubhu zokuvavanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-bacterium ye-MAC ikhona okanye ayikho. Oku kuthatha iintsuku ezisixhenxe.
Abantu bafumana njani i-MAC?
Iimvelo ze-MAC zihlala zijikeleze sonke, kuquka umhlaba, ukutya kunye nemfuyo yansuku zonke. Iibhaktheriya ze-MAC zinokufumaneka kwimithombo emininzi yamanzi okusela, kubandakanywa iinkqubo zamanzi eziphathekayo, kunye nasothuli lomzi.
Ngoko ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuphepha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-MAC ayibonakali idluliselwa kumntu omnye kumntu.
Ndingakuphepha njani i-MAC?
Ekubeni ukukhutshwa kwe-MAC kunzima ukuba akunakwenzeka, indlela engcono yokuphepha isifo kukuqinisekisa ukuba isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela sisigxina. Oku kufezekileyo ngokuphatha usulelo lwe-HIV nge- antiretroviral therapy (ART) . Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ART akunakukuqinisekisa kuphela ukuba isistim somzimba sakho sisigxina, ukugcina amaxabiso angaphezulu kwe-CD4, inokubuyisela umsebenzi wokuzivikela kumntu onomlinganiselo wokunciphisa umzimba.
Okwangoku, i-ART inconywa kubo bonke abantu abane-HIV ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nonyango aluyi kuthintela kuphela i-MAC kunye nezinye izifo ezichaphazelekayo, kudibaniswa nobomi obude kunye neentsholongwane ze-HIV ezingekho-HIV.
Abantu abane-HIV abaneengxelo ze-CD4 ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-50 / mL, izidakamizwa ze-prophylactic zemihla ngemihla zimiselwe ukukhusela ngcono ukuphuhliswa kwe-MAC. Iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka:
- UClaithithromycin, uhlobo lwe-antibiotics olukwazi ukucima ngokukhawuleza iMAC kwigazi
- I-Azithromycin ithathwa njengenye indlela efanelekileyo kwi-clarithromycin
- I-Rifabutin, enye indlela efanelekileyo (nangona eyaziwa ukusebenzisana nezinye iziyobisi ze-HIV)
I-MAC ithathwa njani?
Isifo se-MAC siphethwe ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nenhlanganisela ye-clarithromycin ne- ethambutol , kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe rifabutin. I-ART nayo iya kuqaliswa kwabo bangasayi kunyango.
Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abanamaqondo aphantsi kakhulu e-CD4, kukho ithuba lokuba iimpawu ze-MAC zichaneke xa i-ART iqalile. Le yinto eyaziwa njenge-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (i-IRIS), apho i-immune system eyenziwe yicatshulwa ngokukhawuleza iqhutywe, idala impendulo yomzimba wonke. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, i-corticosteroids inokumiselwa ukunyanga iimpawu ze-IRIS-ezidibeneyo kude kube nokuphendula komzimba.
Emva kokuba inani le-CD4 lomntu lingaphezu kweeseli ezili-100 / mL kwaye lizinzisa ngaphezu kweli nqanaba kwiinyanga ezintandathu, unyango lweprophylactic lungamiswa.
Imithombo:
Iziko zeSizwe zezeMpilo (NIH). "Izikhokelo Zokuthintela Nokunyangwa Kwezonyango Ezichaphazelekayo Kwi-HIV-Abathintekayo Abadala Neengxaki Zomntwana - I-Discovery Mycobacterium Avium Complex Disease." EBethesda, eMaryn; hlaziywa ngoMeyi 17, 2013.
I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). "Ukuhlolwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo: ISitatimende seNkcazo yeNkcazo yeNtshona Koloni. Rockville, Maryland; Epreli 2013.
NIH. "Ukuqalisa unyango lwe-Antiretroviral Early Uphucula iziphumo zabaNtsholongwane kaGawulayo." EBethesda, eMaryn; kukhutshwa ngoMeyi 27, 2015.