Ukulindela iZimpawu kunokwandisa umngcipheko weNtsholongwane kaGawulayo, ukuThengiswa
Ngaphandle kwembuzo, ukwazi izibonakaliso neempawu ze-HIV kubalulekile, ukuvumela umntu ukuba afune ukuvavanywa ngexesha kunye nokunyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo xa ekhusela ukusabalala kwintsholongwane kwabanye.
Kodwa kukho umququzeleli. Ngenxa yokuba ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo inokuhluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo (okanye ukungafumani ngokupheleleyo), ngaba umntu unokuqinisekiswa ukuba "ukuphawula impawu" ye-HIV ngexesha lokukhusela isifo okanye isantya ?
Ekugqibeleni, imiqondiso ye-HIV ayanele ngokwabo ukukhusela wena okanye abanye ukuba uthintela impendulo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukwenza oko kufuna ukucaca ngokucacileyo ukubonisa iimpawu ze-HIV kunye nokunciphisa koko abakwaziyo ukusitshela.
Inyaniso # 1: ama-60% abantu abayi kuba naziphi na izibonakaliso Ngethuba lokuqala leNtsholongwane kaGawulayo
Xa usuleleko lwe-HIV, abantu abangama-40% baya kuvelisa iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) . Phakathi kweempawu ze-ARS zikhukhumele i- lymph glands (zihlala zijikeleze entanyeni, i-armpits, kunye ne-groin) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-morbilliform rash (okt, indawo ebomvu, indawo ephathekayo ehlanganiswe ne-bumps bumps).
Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuchonga le mpawu kunokulumkisa umntu ukuba afune uvavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango, kwaye kulungile. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ezibandakanya ukuxhalabisa ngesiganeko sezesondo-mhlawumbi apho iikhondom zingasetyenziswanga okanye iqabane lomntu wesini lalingenalo isimo esingaziwa-esenza ukuba uqaphele.
Kulo xesha ukulinda iimpawu kunokuba yimpazamo embi. Ngokubambelela kude kube yimpawu, ngokuqhelekileyo zingakapheli i-7-14 emva kokudlulela, umntu uya kulahlekelwa ithuba lokuthatha i- post-exposure prophylaxis (i-PEP) , i-course yeentsuku ezingama-28 ezinokukhupha intsholongwane xa kuqalwa unyango, ngokufanelekileyo, kungakapheli iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya ku-36 zokuchithwa.
Inyaniso # 2: Iziganeko ze-HIV, Ukuba kukho, zidla ngokungaqhelekanga ngokoMgaqo-nkqubo wokuPhelelwa kwezilwanyana kunye noogqirha.
Njengamanje, e-US, kukho abantu abayi-1.2 yezigidi abanesifo se-HIV, abangama-20-25% abo abangafumanekiyo. Abaninzi abangaboniyo, ngokwenene, bayazi ngokugcwele isimo sabo, ngelixa abanye bekrokrela intsholongwane kodwa bengenzi nto, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokwesaba ukubandlululwa, ukucalulwa okanye ukuchaswa, okanye ukungaxhomeki ngokuphathelele unyango ngokwalo.
Ukukhanyela kwabo kubangelwa kukungabikho kwezibonakaliso okanye iimpawu ezingenjalo ngokubhekiselele ekukhutshweni nje njengento enye. Cinga, umzekelo, ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ze-ARS:
- Fever
- Ukukhathala
- Intloko
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Intlungu kunye kunye
Emva koko qwalasela impendulo xa iimpawu zigqitywa ekugqibeleni, njengoko ziya Isisombululo seempawu ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba yi- acute stage lidla ngokuphambuka njengesiqinisekiso sokuthi ukusuleleka kwe-HIV akuzange kwenzeke, ukuvumela loo mntu ukuba ahambe angaphathiswa iminyaka kwaye ahlasele abanye. Yiphutha kwaye likhulu kakhulu.
Inyaniso # 3: Ukubonakala kweZimpawu kunokuthatha ixesha elide kuthathe iminyaka, ngeliphi ixesha ixesha elibi elingenakuthenjwa kwiQumrhu linokuthi lenziwe
Izifo ezichaphazelekayo (i-OIs) yizo ezizibonakalisa xa izikhuselo zomzimba ziphelile ukuba zivumele izifo, zihlala zingenakubungozi kubantu abanempilo, ukuba zibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza.
Ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba yi- latent phase of infection, xa i-HIV ijolise ngokuthe gqolo kwaye ibulale i- cell4-T-cell ekhuselayo, iimpawu zihlala zingancinci nangona xa umsebenzi wokugonywa komzimba uthathwa njengezantsi. Kungabonakala ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, kungenjalo ukuphathwa ngokulula, okanye ukhathala ngokubanzi ukuba umntu unokuba neyiphi na inani lezinto (umzekelo, umsebenzi, intsapho, ubudala).
Kodwa ukuba usuleleko lwe-HIV luvumelekile ukuba lungaphathwa kakubi, kunye ne-CD4 count eyancipha ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-200, umcimbi weso siganeko esibi kakhulu. Kwaye nangona isiganeko esinjalo sinokunyangwa, iindleko kumsebenzi wakho wokuzivikela unokwenene.
Kukho imiphumo eyaziwayo ekuqalisweni kwe-antiretroviral ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa kwizigulane ezineengxelo ze-CD4 ngaphantsi kwe-200. Phakathi kwazo:
- Ubunzima obuninzi bokubuyisela ukusebenza komzimba kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwizigulane ezineenkcukacha eziphezulu ze-CD4
- Iimilinganiselo eziphezulu zecandelo lezonyango ezinxulumene nonyango kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweziyobisi
- Umngcipheko omkhulu wokungabi nentsholongwane kaGawulayo (njengentliziyo yesifo, isifo somhlaza , izifo ze-neurologic, njl njl.) Ngenxa yeminyaka yokungabikho kokutshatyalaliswa okungapheliyo okuhambisana nokusuleleka kwexesha elide le-HIV
- Ilahleko kwiminyaka yobomi (xa kuthelekiswa nokuphila okuqhelekileyo kulindeleke kulabo baqala unyango ekuseni)
Yintoni Ngokwenene Esixelela?
Umyalezo ucacile: iimpawu zodwa aziyi kuphinda zibone ukusuleleka kosulelo lwe-HIV. Akukho. Uvavanyo lwe-HIV kuphela luya kuba. Nazi imigaqo embalwa ongayilandela ukuze uqinisekise ukuba wenze ukhetho olunolwazi, nokuba impawu zikhoyo okanye cha:
- Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uye waveleleka kwi-HIV, ungalindeli ukuba ubone naziphi na iimpawu zokuxela. Hamba ngokukhawuleza kwiklinikhi yangakini okanye kwigumbi lezongxamiseko uze uqalise ikhosi ye-post-exposure prophylaxis (i-PEP), apho ezininzi iinjongo ze-inshorensi ziza kugubungela.
- Awunalo ukulinda de kwenzeke into yokuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Okwangoku kucetyiswa ukuba bonke abemi baseMelika abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya ku-65 bavavanywe nge-HIV njengenxalenye yokutyelela konyango rhoqo. Abanye, kuquka namadoda amancinci abelana ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) , kufuneka ahlolwe rhoqo rhoqo. Ukuvavanya kweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO kuyatholakala, kunye nokufumaneka kwezorhwebo, kwiimvavanyo ze-saliva ekhaya.
- Musa ukulahlekelwa yiminyaka yobomi ngokungadingekile xa unyango lwangoku lunokuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala uphila, uphila impilo. Ngaphandle kokungathandabuzeki, iinzuzo zonyango lokuqala zigqithise naziphi na iingozi, ngokuveliswa kwezidakamizwa ezitsha zenza iipilisi ezincinci kunye nemiphumo emibi.
- Ukuba awunayo i-HIV kodwa usemngciphekweni ophezulu wokusuleleka (ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwekhondom engahambelaniyo, amaqabane amaninzi eentlobano zesini, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi / utywala, i-HIV serodiscordancy), ukuhlolisisa i-HIV ngaphambi kokuchasana neprophylaxis (PrEP) ukunciphisa amathuba okufumana i-HIV .
Imithombo:
Cohen, M .; Gay, C; Busch, P .; kunye noHecht, F. "Ukufunyanwa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (iSongezelelo2): S270-S277.
Smith, D .; Grohskopf, L .; Omnyama, R., et al. "I-Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis Emva kokusetyenziswa ngokwesondo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, okanye ezinye izinto ezingabandakanyeki kwi-HIV eMelika." Ukunyangwa nokufa kweeNgxelo zeveki. NgoJanuwari 21, 2005; 55 (RR02): 1-20.
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "I-CDC Fact Sheet | I-HIV e-United States: Amanyathelo okuNakekela." Atlanta, Georgia; epapashwe ngoJulayi 2012.
Hasse, B; Ledergerber, B; Egger, M., et al. "Ukuguga kunye (non-HIV-inxulumene) Ukudibanisa abantu abane-HIV: I-Swiss Cohort Study (SHCS)." INgqungquthela ye-18 kwi-Retroviruses kunye neZifo eziHlangayo (CROI). EBoston, eMassachusetts; NgoFebruwari 27-Matshi 2, 2011; 792.
I-Moyer, V. "Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV: I-US Preventive Services Task Force Statement." Ngo-Apreli 30, 2013. Ama-Annals of Medicine Internal. Aprili 30, 2013; i-doi: 10.7326 / 0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00645.