Ukuqonda iMingcipheko neNokwenzayo
Musa ukwenza iphutha malunga nalo, kulungile ukuba ngumntwana. Yisihlandlo ebomini ukuhlola ukuba ungubani kunye nento ofuna ukuyenza. Ngokuphathelele ukuthatha ingozi, ukwenza iimpazamo nokubandakanya kwimigangatho yenkcazo eyingxenye yesifa lesizukulwana. Kuthetha ngokubamba ubomi ngezandla zombini, ngokuzeleyo kwaye ungakhathazeki.
Kodwa emthunzini we- HIV , ngaba imithetho iguquke ngokukhawuleza?
Impembelelo ye-HIV kubantu abaselula
Ekubeni ubuso bezinto, iinombolo zibonakala zizithetha zona. NgokweziGqeba zokuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC), malunga nama-26 ekhulwini kuma-50,000 aseMerika abanentsholongwane ngonyaka kunye ne-HIV baneminyaka engama-25. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba ama-60 ekhulwini olutsha olusulelekileyo alukwazi ukuba yimeko yabo, kwaye ingakwazi ukudlula intsholongwane kwabanye.
Kodwa iinombolo zodwa azibonakali nje ngokwenene kwimeko yengxaki. Ukujongana nombandela wokukhusela ulutsha lwe-HIV udla ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba kwikhaya lezentlalo zamakhadi. Ichaphazela kwimicimbi yokuziphatha kunye nezo zesondo, izinto eziphilayo, iimpembelelo zentlalo kunye neninzi yezinye izinto, ngokulinganayo ngokulinganayo ngokuchasene nolandelayo. Ikhupha enye ingxaki ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye isakhiwo sonke siyabandezeleka.
Ukuphula iiNombolo
Ukwakha isicwangciso esicacileyo kukubalulekileyo ekunqobeni oku, kwaye kuqala ngokuphulaphula ngokuchanekileyo amanani ukuchonga iindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu.
Ekuhloleni okuqhubekayo ngamaziko e-US for Control Disease Control, abaphandi bajonga ulutsha olusakhulayo eMelika kwaye bakwazi ukuqonda ukuba:
- Phantse ama-85 ekhulwini kubo bonke abantu abasenayo isifo soqhagamshelwano ngesondo.
- Izifo ezisuka kwi-intravenous usetyenziso lweziyobisi ziqhutyelwa kuphi na ukuya kwii-7 ukuya kwi-12 ekhulwini
- Amaduna amancinci amele malunga nama-60 ekhulwini amathatsha omtsha.
- Kwintsholongwane yabesilisa, iipesenti ezingama-75 ziphakathi kwabantu abalala ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) .
- Ukusuleleka kwe-MSM, i-14 ekhulwini yi-Afrika yaseMelika kunye neepesenti ezisixhenxe yiLatinino.
- I-akhawunti yase-Afrika yentsha ye-Afrika engama-50 ekhulwini kwintsholongwane entsha.
- Abantu baseLatinos nabase-Afrika baseMelika banokuphindwa kabili ukuba banesifo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunabamhlophe.
Ukuxhatshazwa okwenza Ubutsha basengozini
Kodwa oku akusiyo apho umcimbi uyeka khona. Ukuxhaswa kwezi nani-manani yimiba yezinye iinkalo zentlalo kunye nekliniki ezandisa ukwanda kwe-HIV-ngokukodwa "amandla angaphandle" apho singenalo ukulawula okuncinane njengabantu ngabanye. Oyintloko phakathi kwabo:
- Ubumpofu buhlala bubalulekile kwizinga eliphezulu lokusuleleka kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, apho kungenako ukufikelela ngokwaneleyo kunonophelo lwezempilo karhulumente, iinkonzo, inkxaso kunye nokufikelela.
- Nangona ixabiso lentlupheko likhulu ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezisibhozo kuma-Afrika aseMelika kunokuba abamhlophe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izinga lokusuleleka kumaqela asweleyo-ingaba umhlophe, iLatino okanye i-Afrika yaseMelika-iyafana kakhulu. Ubuhlanga abukho nxalenye.
- Indlela yokudlulisa idlala indima enkulu kwinani lokusuleleka kwi-MSM emncinci, nokuba ingaba i-gay, isini okanye isini. Oku kubangelwe kwizinto eziliqela, kubandakanywa ukwesaba ukudalulwa kunye nobungozi obuphezulu bokungcola ngesondo sangasese esingakhuselekanga .
Ngokufanayo, amabhinqa amancinci athathaka kakhulu kwi-HIV kunabesifazana asebekhulile ngenxa yee-single column layers cellar ezihamba nomlomo wesibeleko . (Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha, la maseli athatyathwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngesakhiwo esiseleyo, esinezixhobo ezininzi.)
- Ukwamkeleka kwentlalontle kunye namadoda amadala kuqhubela phambili ukuhlanganisa umbandela kwezinye iindawo, kuba amadoda amadala amaninzi anokusuleleka kuGawulayo. Bobabini kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto eziphilayo zimbini zezizathu ukuba abafazi abancinci bahlala besuleleka kwiminyaka yobudala kunabaselula.
- E-US, malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zeziganeko ezichazwe ngezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (STDs) zenzeka phakathi kolutsha. Ii-STD zihambelana ngqo nomngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka ngu-HIV .
- Ukwesaba ukugxekwa , ukuxhaphazwa, kunye nokuzonda abantu kuthumelela ulutsha olungaphantsi komhlaba, lubaphephe ukuba bangaluncedo nokunyango abayidingayo. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela ekudakaleni nasekusebenzeni kakubi iziyobisi, oko kungakhokelela kwiziganeko zokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo
- Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kusekho umngeni kuwo wonke amaqela, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka nokuphazamisa isigwebo. Ukusabalalisa kwe- crystal methamphetamine kwintlalo yabasetyhini, ngokukodwa, idibene nomngcipheko omkhulu wama-250 osulelayo.
Iinjongo zentsha ngeHIV
Enye enye inselele ekukhuseleni i-HIV yiyo imbonakalo yobutsha bethu. Kuphando olubanzi, uhlolo lwelizwe olwenziwa yiKaiser Family Foundation, abaphandi bafumanisa oko
- Abathathu kwabahlanu abaphendula bathi ukulibazisa isondo "yinto efanelekileyo, akukho mntu wenzayo."
- Omnye kwisithandathu ukholelwa ukuba ukulala ngesondo ngokungaphephekanga "akuyena mcimbi omkhulu."
- Abathathu kwabahlanu baxelele ukuba bona okanye iqabane liye lakhulelwa.
- Iipesenti ezingama-70 zijonga iindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa ngaphandle kweikhondom nje ngokuba "ukuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokukhuselekileyo."
- Iipesenti ezingama-50 zijonga iikhondom njengophawu lokungathembeki, ukungathembeki okanye ukuziphatha kakubi .
- Iipesenti ezingama-20 zikholelwa ukuba unokuxelela umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo ngokubheka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu, mhlawumbi, kukuba abantu abancinci bebathabathekile abaye baxubusha kwiingxoxo nge-HIV / AIDS kunye neqabane labo lesini, nangona i-75 engama-100 echaze ukuba bafuna ulwazi oluninzi
Izindlela eziSebenzayo zokukhusela i-HIV kulutsha
Njengoko iimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezidibeneyo ezinxulumene ne-HIV kunye nolutsha, kuyacaca ukuba impendulo elungelelanisiweyo ibalulekile-kungekhona kuphela kwimpembelelo yempilo yabantu ngaphandle komgangatho ngamnye. Yiyiphi iminyaka yolwazi oluntu esiye wasifundisa kukuba ukunciphisa umngcipheko kuhamba ngaphaya kweluhlu "lwenu-nento-nento-engenziyo." Kudinga ukucaca, ukuphikelela kunye nendlela esekelwe kumntu ngokubhekisele kwiinkxalabo kunye nemicimbi yaloo mntu kwaye loo mntu yedwa.
Kodwa masithembeke. Ayikho indlela thina, njengabantu ngabanye, sinokuzenza ngathi sinqobe imiba enjengentlupheko kunye nokufikelela ekunyamekelweni. Kwaye akukho siqinisekiso sokuba yonke ingxoxo ehlabathini izakukhusela umntu ukuba aphephe yonke ingozi yonke ixesha.
Enyanisweni, bonke abantu bethu banokugxininisa nakwabo kunye nabo basondelene nathi. Kwaye akuninzi malunga nokubeka iimpawu zokulumkisa. Ngokuphathelele ukuqonda uhlobo lwengozi kuzo zonke iifom zayo; apho ivela khona kwaye ingasenza njani sisengozini.
Kuphela ngo "kudibanisa amachaphaza" -ukujonga ingozi ngokubhekiselele kwisimo sengqondo kunye neempembelelo zentlalo-ukuba sinokuqalisa ngokwenene ukwenza ukhetho olululo.
Yintoni Ongayenza Ukunciphisa Ingozi Ngoku
- Qala ngokufumana inyaniso malunga ne-HIV / AIDS, isondo esilondekileyo, ulawulo lokubeletha , ukusebenzisa iikhondom , njl. Zifundise okokuqala, ufune iingcebiso kunye nokubhekisela kwimithombo ethembekileyo, ethembekileyo.
- Cacisa kunye nawe ekuqaleni ukuba iimpazamo zenzeke . Basebenzise ukuba baqonde indlela kunye nokuba kutheni kwenzeka iphutha (umz. Utywala, uxinzelelo lwabaontanga) kwaye uhlolisise izicwangciso zokuphepha ukuphinda uphinde uphinde.
- Utshintsho olwenziweyo lokutshintsha. Akukhona 'ukuguqula iqela elitsha lonke,' kodwa kunoko kuchonga utshintsho olwenziweyo olwenzayo ukuze unciphise umngcipheko.
- Zama ukuphepha izibalo kunye neepesenti xa uxubusha nge-HIV. Kwabanye, ingozi engama-30 yento engaphumelekanga yinto efanayo nekhefu lama-70 ukuba ayiyi kuba.
- Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngeziyobisi, utywala, okanye uxinzelelo, jongana naloo kuqala. Eyona nto: akukho ndlela yangempela yokwenza isigwebo esicacisiweyo kuze kube yimiba ejongene nayo.
- Njengomzali, zama ukulungelelanisa ingxoxo ngesondo ekuqaleni komdala. Njalo ujolise ukucacisa, kwaye uvavanye amanqanaba akho okungaxhatshazi ukuba ungaphepheli kubantwana bakho.
- Susa i-tab okanye nayiphi na ibhaliweyo "engabonakaliyo" kwiingxoxo malunga nesondo okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi. Kungcono ukuba umntu akubizele ukuba kukho ingxaki kunokuba ukwesaba indlela oyenzayo xa besenkingeni. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa xa kufikelele kwimicimbi yongqingili okanye ngesini ngesini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni inkcubeko okanye iinkolelo, akunakwenzeka ukujongana nokunciphisa umngcipheko ukuba nayiphi na into "isuswa kwitafile."
- Xa ufumana ingxoxo malunga ne-HIV, zama ukugcoba umntu ngombuzo othi "Ngaba wena ...?" okanye "Ngaba ...?" Kunoko, gcina ingxoxo ngokuvuleka ngokubuza, "Uyiqonda ntoni malunga ...?" okanye "Ziziphi iimvakalelo zakho malunga ...?"
- Xa kuziwa kwingcinezelo yontanga, zama ukusebenzisana kunye nokwenza izicwangciso. Abantu abaselula bahlala bethetha ukuba baxhomekeke kwingcinezelo yontanga ngenxa yokuba "abazi into yokuba bathethe."
- Ukubandakanya ngenxaxheba kwiiprogram zemfundo ye-HIV ezikolweni nakumaziko olutsha. Yibani "abantu abaziwayo" abanokujika.
- Kwaye ekugqibeleni, i-CDC incomela ukuba ulutsha olusemngciphekweni phakathi kweminyaka eyi-13 ukuya kwe-24 luhlolwe i-HIV kunye ne-STD ubuncinane kanye ngexesha lekhosi yoviwo. I-MSM yesondo kufuneka ihlolwe ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
> Imithombo:
> Buchacz, K .; McFarland, W. Kellogg, T., et al. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Amphetamine kuhambelana nokunyuka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo nabantu baseSan Francisco. " AIDS. Septemba 2001; 19 (13): 1423-1424.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). "Intsholongwane kaGawulayo phakathi kwamadoda amancinci abelana ngesondo kunye namadoda - amadolophu asixhenxe ase-US, ngo-1994-2000." Ukunyangwa nokufa kweeNgxelo zeveki. Juni 1, 2001; 50 (21): 440-4.
> CDC. "Ukulandelela izifo ezifihlakeleyo. Iintlobo ze-STD e-United States, ngo-2000." I-Atlanta: Isebe lezeMpilo lase-United States kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu, i-CDC; 2000.
> Hader, S .; Smith, D .; UMorell, J. et al. "Usulelo lwe-HIV kwabasetyhini eMelika." Umbhalo we-American Medical Association. 2001; 285 (9): 1186-1192.
> Kaiser Family Foundation. "Uphando lweSizwe lwabaNtsholongwane kunye nabaLutsha abaselula: iMpilo yezesondo, ulwazi, izimo zengqondo kunye namava." Ngo-Meyi 19, 2003. Ukupapashwa kuka-3218