Ukuthelekisa ingozi yezobuchwephesha kunye neengozi ezixotshiwe
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yenze uloyiko olunzulu lokwentsholongwane kwezinye izinto kangangokuba luye lwaba ngaphezu kokusatshatyalaliswa kwesondo . Enyanisweni, abanye abantu bahlala beqinisekile ukuba unako ukufumana i-HIV ngokudibanisa nento okanye indawo apho kunokufumana igazi okanye igciwane lesifo se-HIV.
Emva koko, kubonakala kunengqiqo ukubonisa ukuba igazi okanye inambuzane ikhona, ininzi intsholongwane ingaphila ngaphandle komzimba.
Kwaye ke, ukuba intsholongwane inako ukusinda, ngokuqinisekileyo inako ukuphazamisa, akunjalo?
Ukuvavanya ingozi
Ukunikezelwa kwezi parameters, kuya kulungele ukuthetha ukuba, ewe, kukho ithuba lokuphila, nangona kunjalo. Ngemiqathango ethile, i-HIV ingaphila ngaphandle komzimba kwieyure okanye kwimihla ukuba iqondo lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya kwe-UV kunye nokulinganisela kwe-pH konke kulungile. Isiqhelo esingaqhelekanga seemeko kodwa enye ekhoyo, inokwenzeka.
Kodwa, ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba umntu ochaphazelayo okanye othe wathintana naye ngokungaqhelekanga kunye negalelo legalelo le-HIV kwi-semen ubeka ingozi yokusuleleka?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo phantse "akukho." Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni le nto, kuya kufuneka uhluke phakathi kwento ebonakalayo engozini kunye nengozi ebhaliweyo.
Ebonwe kunye neCweyo Ingozi yeHIV
Umngcipheko owaziwayo (okanye uqobo) ungomnye oncike kwinkolelo kunokuba uyinyaniso kwaye uyaqhubeka nangona ukungathandeki kweso siganeko senzeke.
Ngokwahlukileyo, umngcipheko owenziwe (okanye okanye wangempela) usekelwe kubungqina benkalo yento ethile eyenzekayo. Xa ingozi ebona ukuba iyingcamango, umngcipheko ogciniweyo ungowona.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-HIV, amandla okusuleleka akuyi kuguqula ingozi ngaphandle kokuba ukuvezwa kuyanelisa izimo ezine ezizodwa:
- Kufuneka kubekho umzi womzimba apho i-HIV iyakhula. Oku kubandakanya i-semen, igazi, ububanzi besisu kunye nobisi lwebele. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayikwazi ukukhula kwimimandla yomzimba ene-asidi ephezulu (njengesisu okanye isisu).
- Kufuneka kubekho indlela apho i-HIV ingangena khona umzimba. Oku kubandakanya ukulala ngesondo, izalamano ezabelwana ngazo , ukutyhila emsebenzini , okanye ukusasazeka kumama ukuya kumntwana .
- Intsholongwane kufuneka ikwazi ukufikelela kwiiseli ezisengozini ngaphakathi komzimba. Oku kufuna i ukuphuka okanye ukungena ngokujulile kwesikhumba kunye / okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane ngamathambo e-mucosal wesini okanye i-anus. I-Scrapes, abrasions, kunye ne-skin prick ayinikeli ukungena kwangqongqo okufunekayo ukuba isifo senzeke. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayikwazi ukudlula kwesikhumba esilungileyo
- Kufuneka kubekho ubuninzi bentsholongwane kumzimba womzimba. I-saliva, i-sweat, kunye neinyembezi zonke ziqulethe i-enzymes ezivimbela i-HIV okanye zibe ne-pH enenzondelelo ye-HIV.
Ngaphandle kokuba zonke iimeko ziyanelisekile, ukusuleleka ngu-HIV akunakwenzeka.
Iimeko apho i-HIV ingaphila
Ukuba i-HIV yayingaphumelela ngaphandle komzimba ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, inokuyenza kuphela phantsi kwezi meko ezithile zendalo:
- Ukushisa kwamaqondo angaphantsi kwama-39 degrees Fahrenheit kuthathwa njengento efanelekileyo ukuba i-HIV iphumelele. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-HIV ayiyenzi kakuhle kwiqondo lokushisa kwamaqondo (68 degrees Fahrenheit) kwaye iyaqhubeka iyancipha njengoko ifikelela kwaye idlula ukushisa komzimba (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
- Inqanaba elifanelekileyo le-pH le-HIV liphakathi kwe-7.0 no-8.0, kunye ne-pH ephezulu ye-7.1. Nantoni na phezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwala ma nqanaba ithathwa njengengafanelekanga ukusinda.
- INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ingaphila kwigazi elomileyo kwiqondo lokubanda kwimihla ukuya kwiintsuku ezintandathu, nangona iigciwane zentsholongwane kwigazi elomileyo ziya kuhlala ziphantsi.
- Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iphila ixesha elide xa ingabonakali kwi-ultraviolet (UV). Ukukhanya kwe-UV ngokukhawuleza kuyonakalisa iDNA yintsholongwane kunye neep lipids ezenza igobolondo yegciwane, okwenza ukuba ayikwazi ukuxhoma kunye nokuthelela ezinye iiseli.
Nokuba kunikezwe le parameters, akuyi kuphinda kubekho ityala lokukhuselwa ngentsholongwane esilahlayo kwindawo kawonkewonke.
Ngo-2008, ukufundwa kweyona ndlela enkulu kunazo zonke yabantwana abangama-274 baseKhanada akubonanga linye icala le-HIV emva kokulimala ngenaliti elahliwe.
Ngaphezu koko, ngo-2015, amaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuKhusela kuphela anokuqinisekisa ukusuleleka kwesinye isistim sokunyangwa kwe-needletick ukususela ngo-1999, kwaye loo meko yayibandakanya umphandi weebhodi osebenza kunye nenkcubeko ye-HIV.
Ngokufanayo, akuzange kubekho ityala elibhaliweyo lomntu oye waphathwa ngumntu osulelekileyo okanye ofumana umzi womzimba emehlweni omntu one-HIV.
Ukuba uye wabonakaliswa kwi-HIV
Ngokucacileyo, akukho ndlela ithetha ngayo ukuba umzimba owenziwe ngumbane okanye ukuba lukhulu kangakanani isilonda kuyimfuneko ukuba usulelo lwe-HIV lube khona. Ukuba ungathandabuzeki, soloko ulahleka kwicala lokulumkisa uze uye kwigumbi elisondeleyo elisondeleyo okanye uhambe-kwiklinikhi.
Unokumiselwa ikhosi yama-28 yemithi yomlomo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) , enokukhusela intsholongwane ukuba unyango luqaliswe kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 zokuchazwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unokwesaba okanye ukungahloneli ngentsholongwane nge-HIV , qwa ga mshelana neengcali ze-HIV, ingcali yeengqondo, okanye umcebisi oqeqeshiwe. Oku kunyanisekileyo xa ukwesaba kuphazamisa ubudlelwane bakho okanye umgangatho wobomi. Kukho unyango olukhoyo ukuze luncede ukulawula ezi nkxalabo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wakho wokuphila.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "Amanqaku avela kwiNgcambu: I-HIV eyenziwa ngabasebenzi beNtsholongwane yeeMpilo eMelika, ngo-1985-2013." MMWR. 2015; 63 (53): 1245-46.
> IPapenburg, J; Blais, D .; Moore, D .; okqhubekayo. Ukulimala kwezilwanyana ezivela kwiimfuno ezilahliwe kuluntu: i-Epidemiology neengozi yeSeroconversion. " Pediatrics. 2008; 122: e487-e492. I-DOI: 10.1542 / iipedesi.2008-0290.