Igosa likaCindy lasebenza kwiiNyuvesi zeTyunivesithi kunye neNkqubo zoQeqesho zeYunivesithi yaseGallaudet iminyaka engama-12, ehamba kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo ukusuka kumThunywa ukuya kwiNkonzo yoMcebisi ngezeNkxaso zezeMfundo.
UCindy kunye nabalingane bakhe bahlala becela izicelo ezinjenge- "Ndingafumana phi umfundisi? Ndingaphi na umfundisi kumntwana oyisithulu?" kwaye "Ngaba ufundisa indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala ngokufanelekileyo kumqeshwa ongeva kakuhle?" Unika ezinye iingcebiso zokufumana uhlobo oluhle lokufundisa kunye nokuthatha isigqibo malunga nendlela yokufundisa.
Ututoring ivelisa iziphumo. Abantu abafumana i-tutoring babonisa imikhuba yokufunda ephuculweyo, ukuzithemba okukhulu, kunye namabakala angcono. Abantu abazizithulu kunye nobunzima bokuva abantu, ngokukodwa, abafumana ukufundisa bavame ukubonisa ukuphucula okukhulu kwiikhosi zabo kunye nezakhono zemfundo. Kungenxa yoko iinkonzo zokufundisa zibaluleke kakhulu. Akusoloko kulula ukufumana inkxaso efanelekileyo yokufundisa. Uya kufuneka usebenze ngeenkqubo ezintathu:
- Bonisa uhlobo lunikelo lwenkxaso oyifunayo okanye umntwana wakho adinga;
- Yenza isicwangciso sokufundisa;
- Qinisekisa ukuba uza kufumana njani le nkxaso.
Ukulinganisa "I-Tutorial Support"
Ngaphambi kokuba ufune iinkonzo zokufundisa, thabatha ixesha lokufumanisa uhlobo luni lokufundisa olulungele wena okanye lomntwana wakho. Kwiingcinga zabantu abaninzi, ukufundisa kuthetha ukuba umntu onolwazi, onamava ahlale phantsi kunye nomfundi kwaye umqeqeshe ngokucophelela lo mfundi kwiindawo zemingeni yokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, ukufundiswa kungaza kwiindlela ezininzi.
Nazi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufundisa:
- I-One-to-One / Personal Tutoring: Umfundi ufumana ukufundiswa kwendabuko kumntu omnye kumfundisi.
- Iqela lokufundisa: Umfundi usebenza nabanye abafundi kwiindawo ezifanayo kunye nokhokelo lomqeqeshi.
- I-Supplemental Aides: Abafundi basebenzisa izixhobo zokufundisa okanye izixhobo ezibonakalayo ezincedisayo ekuququzeleleni ukufunda kwimiba (iiCD, imidlalo, iividiyo zokufundisa, iincwadi zokusebenzela, izikhokelo zokufunda ezongezelelweyo, amanqaku e-cliff.)
- Ukufundiswa kwe-Intanethi: Umfundi uhamba kwi-intanethi ukufumana i-tutoring. Ukufundisa kungenzeke ngexesha langempela ngokusebenzisa igumbi lokuxoxa okanye ukuthumela imiyalezo ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abaninzi abayizithulu bafumana ukufundiswa ngevidiyo kunye ne-webcams. Kwakhona, ukufundisa kungenzeke nge-imeyile apho umfundi uya kuthumela umbuzo okanye isampula yokubhala kumfundisi oya kuphendula nge-imeyile.
- Ii-Workshops, Training, Camps: Umfundi uya kwiindibano, uqeqesho okanye inkampu ejolise kwingingqi apho ufuna khona umsebenzi.
Ukuqwalasela iSicwangciso soThuculo
Ngaba ufike ngecebo lokufundisa okwamanje? Ukuba nezinto ezinokukhetha zenza indawo engakumbi yokuxoxisana, ngakumbi kwiimeko xa usebenza namanye amaziko (izikolo, ii-arhente zemfundo eziphambili, Ukubuyiswa koQeqesho , abaqeshi) abanokubonelela okanye bakhokhele inkxaso yokufundisa. Khangela okukhethwa ngasentla ngaphambi kokuba uceba isicwangciso okholelwa ukuba kuya kuba luncedo kuwe okanye kumntu owakhuthazayo.
Xa usenza icebo elicacileyo, luthintela ukufundiswa ekubeni ube ngumthombo osisigxina ukuya ekuviseni abanye. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubulumko ukuba ukhethe udibaniso lwenkxaso yokufundisa eya kuba "isicwangciso sakho sokufundisa." Izibonelo zezicwangciso zokufundisa zingasebenzisa umqeqeshi ophilileyo weemesters ezimbini ezinee-supplemental aid, okanye ukubhalisa kwinkampu, emva koko ulandele iiseshoni zokufundisa i-intanethi kwiiveki ezintandathu.
Izicwangciso ezifana nalezi akumele zidibanise. Xa unesicwangciso sakho sokufundisa, ulungele ukufumana iindlela zokufikelela ekufundiseni.
Ukuba ufuna ukufundiswa komntwana, nceda funda icandelo elithi "Ukufumana iTutoring kwiSisipholo okanye i-Hard of Hearing Child" ngezantsi. Ukuba ufuna ukufundiswa okanye umntu omdala, gxuma phantsi kwicandelo elibizwa ngokuba "Ukufumana iTutoring kwiTsifu okanye i-Hard Adult of Hearing."
Ukufumana isifundo kwizithulu okanye ubunzima bokuva abantwana
Ukuxhaswa ngabafundi abayizithulu okanye abanzima abaxhomekeke kwiindlebe banokufuna ukudala okuthile. Iinkonzo zokufundisa zihluka ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kwilizwe, ukususela kwiphondo ukuya kwidolophu.
Ikhomishoni yengxelo yesithulu , ngokubhekiselele ekulinganeni: Imfundo yezithulu ibeka ngokucacileyo ukuba "Ukukhubazeka kokungazithulu kubangele kukhokelela kwizidingo ezibalulekileyo kunye neemfuno zomfundi ngamnye. , kwakhona, zichaphazela kakhulu iinkalo ezininzi zemfundo. "
Xa unesicwangciso sokufundisa, ulungele ukufumana indlela yokufumana ukufundiswa okuphunyeziweyo. Umgangatho wokufundisa udla ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkonzo ezikhoyo kwindawo yakho. Ezinye izithili zesikolo zibonelela ngeenkonzo ngelixa ezinye izithili zibonelela ngaphandle kwento.
- Isicwangciso seMfundo esizimeleyo (IEP): Bonke abantwana abangevayo nabanobuchule abaneminyaka engama-3 kuya kwe-21 bamele bafumane i-IEP. Isicwangciso sakho sokufundisa sifanele sihlanganiswe kwaye sichazwe kwi-IEP yomntwana. IEP kufuneka icacise ngokucacileyo ukuba icebo lokufundisa liya kuphunyezwa ukuhlangabezana neenjongo ze-IEP zomntwana. Isikolo kufuneka sifike ngeendlela zokuncedisa umntwana ukuba afinyelele ezi njongo, ngokukodwa inkxaso yokufundisa.
IEP kufuneka ibe yinkcazo enokwenzeka, ichaza ngokucacileyo icebo lakho lokufundisa ukuze bobabini nabazali baqonde iinkonzo eziza kunika isikolo. Ukuba i-IEP igqityiwe kunyaka, abazali abafanele balinde kude kube yintlanganiso elandelayo ye-IEP. Abazali banokucela enye intlanganiso ye-add-on ye-IEP nganoma naliphi ixesha ukuguqula iinjongo kunye nokufaka isicwangciso sokufundisa.
NgoMeyi 21, 2007, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-United States inqume ukuba abazali bangasolula izikolo ngaphandle kokumelwa ngokomthetho, ukunyanzelisa okuza kusindisa iintsapho imali eninzi. Oku kuguqulela kumathuba omncedisi ukukhusela ilungelo lomntwana kwimfundo. Ukuba ufuna umntwana wakho ukuba afundise kwaye isikolo sikhanyele iinkonzo zokufundisa ngokucacileyo, ngoko unokuba nezizathu zokugweba. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale nayiphi na inkqubo yomthetho, qiniseka ukuba unokwenza oku zilandelayo zilandelayo:
- Bonisa ubungqina bokuba umntwana wakho ulibazisekile okanye uxinzelelo ngaphandle kokufundisa. Uya kufuneka ube nobungqina kubandakanywa iziphumo zokuhlola iziphumo, amabakala okanye iincwadi ezivela kootitshala.
- Bonisa ubungqina bokuba isikolo sinqatshiwe okanye siye sazikhusela iindlela zokufundisa. Qinisekisa ukuba isicelo sakho sokufundisa sinokucaca kwi-IEP yengane yakho. (Ukuba ayithethi into ecaleni kweendlela, "Abazali bangathanda ukuba umntwana wabo abe nomqeqeshi kwizifundo ze-X," ke unyanzele i-add-item ye-IEP ngokukhawuleza.)
- IiNkxaso zoKhuselo kunye neNkuluncedo: Xa umntwana engayitholi iinkonzo abazali okanye abagcini bafuna kwisithili esikolweni somntwana, abazali okanye abagadi banokuqalisa izikhalazo zesimangalo esesikweni. Kowesiqendu 504 soMthetho wokuBuyiselwa kwe-1973 kunye ne-IDEA (Abantu abaneNqanaba loLwazi lwezeMpilo) banokhuseleko lwabazali malunga nendlela yokwenza umngeni kwiinqununu zesithili zesikolo. Njengoko kuchaziwe "Ukufundisa abantu abazizithulu kunye nobunzima bokuva abantwana: iNkcazo yezomthetho" kwiwebhusayithi yeClerc Centre, wonke urhulumente unesiqinisekiso "esizimeleyo kunye nokukhusela iofisi" eya kubacebisa abazali malunga nendlela yokulungiselela nokuqhuba intetho. Ezinye zeeofisi zimela abazali ngokukhululeka.
- Ukuhlaziywa kobuchule (VR): Abantwana abaye bafikelela kwiminyaka yobudala banokufumana inkxaso evela kwinkqubo yabo ye-VR. I-VR inceda abantu ekuphandeleni imisebenzi yokunceda, kuquka nokufundisa. Uninzi lweenkqubo zeVR zigcina uluhlu lwabaqeqeshi. Khangela ukufumana ulwazi kwinkqubo ye-VR yesimo sakho kwaye uqalise uqhagamshelwano.
- IiNkonzo zezeMfundo ezongezelelweyo: Xa isikolo esinesiXhosa seSihloko siphumelele ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zeeNkqubo eziNyanisiweyo zoNyaka (i-AYP) iminyaka emibini okanye ngaphezulu, isikolo siyaba sisikolo esinesidingo kwaye abafundi bezi zikolo bafanelekile ukufumana iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo, ngokukodwa ukufundisa . Esi sisiphumo somgaqo-ntlawulo engekho Umntwana osekhohlakeleyo (NCLB). Ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izikolo ezikuloo ndawo zilungele iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo, khangela i-www.greatschools.net okanye ubize iSebe leMfundo lakho likarhulumente. Khangela kwakhona iinkonzo zakho zokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezongeziweyo zikarhulumente (SSP), ezifumaneka ngokubanzi kwiziko lezemfundo leSebe lezemfundo. Ababoneleli mhlawumbi bayaziqhelanisa nezopolitiko zesithili sakho kwaye bangakucebisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana iinkonzo zomntwana wakho.
- Umfundisi woBucala kunye namaziko okuTitshala okuBucala: Uqeqesho luya kuthathwa njengotyalo-mali lomntu. Unokuhlawula umqeqeshi wabucala okanye inkonzo yokufundisa, ngakumbi xa iinkonzo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqhagamshelana nezikolo zendawo zengxowa, iikholeji zengingqi kunye neeyunivesithi, kunye nebhodi yesikolo yokuthumela. Funa abaqeqeshi abangakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle nomntwana wakho.
- Ukubuyiswa kobuchule (VR): Yinkqubo yengqesho kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Unokufumana imvume yokufumana inkxaso evela kwiprogram yoQuquzelelo lwezoQoqosho. Ngenxa yokuba i-VR yenzelwe ukunceda abantu abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe baphumelele kwimisebenzi echaphazelekayo, oku kubandakanya imali yokufundisa. Uninzi lweenkqubo zeVR zigcina uluhlu lwabaqeqeshi.
- Amaziko ePasternondary: Inkxaso yokufundiswa kwabafundi abayizithulu nabafundi abanomdla ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubanzi kwiikholeji ezininzi, kwiiyunivesithi, kunye neendawo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi. Uninzi lwamaziko asepondari anesiko lokubhala kunye neziko lokufundisa apho kukho ukufumana inkxaso eninzi yokufundisa. Ngokomzekelo, iiNkqubo zoQeqesho kunye noQeqesho kwiIyunivesithi yaseGaludud yiprogram yokufundiswa eqinisekisiwe enika iinkonzo zemfundo yamahhala e-Gallaudet abafundi baseYunivesithi, ininzi kubo abayizithulu okanye abanzima ukuva.
- Indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo evela kumqeshi wakho: Isicelo esifanelekileyo sokuhlala kwi-supervisor yakho enokukuthumela kwi-Equal Employment Office (ngamanye amaxesha i-Office Resources). Ngaphambi kokucela indawo yokuhlala, uxwebhu olukhuselekileyo (ii-IEPs zakudala, iingxelo zonyango, ukuhlolwa kwengqondo, ubungqina bengcali) obeka imfuno yakho yokufundisa. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufanele ubonise ubungqina bokuthi ukufundisa kunokuphucula njani ukusebenza kwakho komsebenzi. Umqeshi wakho unokuhlawula ukuxhaswa kootitshala ukuba unokubonisa ukuba yindawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo okanye ukuba iya kuphucula ukusebenza komsebenzi.
- Abafundisi abazimeleyo kunye namaziko okufundisa abucala: Cinga ukufundiswa utyalo-mali lwabantu kunye nokuhlawula i-pocket kumfundisi wangasese okanye kwinkonzo yokufundisa. Hlola i-intanethi okanye incwadi yefowuni ukuze ukhethe okukhethwa kukho. Qhagamshelana nezikolo zezithulu, iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi, amaziko angaboniyo ukufumana ukuhanjiswa. Funa abaqeqeshi abangakwazi ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kunye nawe, okanye nomntu omdala onokumkhuthaza.
Isiphelo
Khumbula, ukufundiswa kuvelisa iziphumo, ngakumbi kubantu abazizithulu nabanzima bokuva. Imikhwa yokufunda iphucula, ukuzithemba kuphakama kunye nokwenza amabakala. Uqeqesho luye lwaba lukhuni lokuphucula izakhono zemfundo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweklasi okanye kwindawo yokusebenzela. Njengoko uqala ukufuna inkxaso yokufundisa, gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukufumana inkxaso efanelekileyo yokufundisa ngokubaluleka kubalulekile ekufumaneni iindlela zokufumana.
Ukufumana iZifundo eziThulu okanye eziNzima zokuva
Umnqweno wokufumana inkxaso yokufundiswa kwabafundi abayizithulu nabantu abanzima ukuhlala bevame ukukhokelela kwiziphumo ezivuthayo, ezihamba kunye nenani elincinci "lokunyusa nokudonsa." Njengoko ukufundiswa kubonakala kuthathwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, eli thuba lihlala liba ngumdlalo wokulwa phakathi kwabanikezeli abanokuqonda kunye nabacebisi bamkeli. Emva kokuba ulungelele "icebo lakho lezemidlalo," unokufuna uncedo olungcono kakhulu lokufundisa okanye isisithulu okanye esinzima sokuva umntu omdala.
Khumbula ingqalelo ekufundiseni. Khangela isiseko senkxaso okulindele ukuba uyifumane, uze usethe uphawu oluphezulu ngaphezu kwezinto othemba ukuzifumana. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukholelwa ukuba iiyure ezintathu zokufundisa ngeveki kunokukunceda uphucule izakhono zakho zokubhala, ngulo lusekelwe kuyo. Emva koko uza kubuza umntu ukuba akhokhe ukufundisa (umqashi, VR) iiyure ezisibhozo ngeveki. Oku kukunika iiyure ezongezelelweyo iiyure zokuthenga.
Kwakhona, kufuneka ulungiselele iintlanganiso kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo, ukwakha ubudlelwane obuhle nabantu abanokukunceda (kubandakanywa nabantu abaya kugqiba iimfuno zakho zokufundisa - umphathi-isistim, izibonelelo zabantu, okanye umcebisi we-VR), kwaye ugcine irekhodi ebhaliweyo yemiba kunye xhalaba. Ungacingi ukuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye, ngokubalulekayo, qhubeka uxoxisana. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokuzifundisela wena okanye umntu oyisithulu okanye onzima ukuva umntu omdala.