Ulwazi oluqhelekileyo luthi abazali, xa befumana ukuxilongwa nge-autism kumntwana wabo, bafanele baqhube-bangahambi-ukuya kwiziko lokungenelela kwangaphambili.
Ingenelelo ebalulekileyo yokuqala, kuthiwa, yinto ephambili "kwiziphumo eziphambili" kubantwana abane-autism. Izazinzulu ziyazi ukuba i-brain ekhula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwexesha le-zero nantathu, ebonisa ukuba ukungenelela kwangaphambili bekuya kuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokunyangwa kwengxaki yomntwana.
Kodwa uthini isayensi malunga neziphumo zokungenelela kwangaphambili kubantwana abane-autism?
Ngaba Ingenelelo Lokuqala Lonyango Eliza Kuphilisa I-Autism?
Ubuncinane ucwaningo olulodwa lubonisa ukuba malunga ne-14% yabantwana abane-autism abaneminyaka emibili enzulu yenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Start Start Denver Model iya kuphucula ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, abo bantwana babengeke bakwazi ukufumana izifo zokuxilonga nge-autism xa bevavanywa kwixesha elizayo. Inkqubo efana ne-LEAP ineziphumo ezifanayo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba le nkqubo inokutshintsha indlela osebenza ngayo ingqondo.
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, izicathulo ezimbalwa kule ndawo.
- Okokuqala, kukuba, inyaniso yokuba ininzi yabantwana abafumana ukungenelela kwangenelela kwangaphambili akuphuculanga. Ewe, iimpawu zabo zingaphucula, kodwa zisenokubambezeleka okukhulu kunye nemingeni.
- Okwesibini kukufumanisa ukuba nabantwana abo abaneempawu ze-autism zithuthuka ngokukhawuleza zishiywe yimingeni yokuphuhliswa kunye / okanye yokuziphatha. Enyanisweni, abo bantwana bavame ukuxilongwa ngeengxaki ezifana ne-ADHD, ukukhubazeka ukufunda, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, njalonjalo.
- Okwesithathu, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism echanekileyo kukuba, ngokucacileyo, ukuxilongwa ngokuqhubekayo. Iimpawu ezinzima ukuzichonga kumntwana oneminyaka engama-6 zingaba ngumngeni omkhulu kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Iingxaki ngeentetho zesigxina, ukuxhalaba kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kubakho ukuvela njengoko abantu bavelele kwiimeko ezinzima kwaye zicelomngeni.
Ngaba Iiphulo Zokungenelela Kwangaphambili Ekugqibeleni Kwexesha?
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba iintlobo ezithile zokungenelela kwangaphambili zenza umehluko ubuncinane kwiminyaka emibini emva kwonyango. Kuliphi izinga eliya kuphucula iminyaka engama-6 ubudala, okwangoku, engaziwayo.
Ngaba Kulungile Ukufumana Unyango Njengokuqala Kwangoko?
Nangona zikho izizathu ezinobulungisa zokungenelela kwangaphambili, kukho uphando oluthile olunokubonisa ukuba ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunika ithemba elingakumbi lokuphucula kunokungenelela kwangaphambili.
Olunye uphando oluthile lujonge inkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "Intsha Yokuqala." Unyango lwalulawulwa ngabazali ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwiintsana ezi-6 ukuya kwe-15 ezineminyaka engama-15 ezazibonisa iimpawu ze-autism eziphawulwe, ezifana nokunciphisa ukuxhamla kwamehlo, intlalo yoluntu okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba, iindlela zokuphindaphinda , kunye nokungabikho kokuthintana ngokuzikhethela. Abantwana abayisithandathu kwabafundi abasixhenxe kwisifundo kuphuculwe ngokuphawulekayo.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iintsana zokulibaziseka kufuneka zifumane ukungenelela kwangenelela kwangaphambili? Ngeli nqanaba, asiyazi ngokwenene.
Enyanisweni, uGeraldine Dawson, Ph.D., uprofesa we-Psychology kunye noMlawuli weziko le-University of Washington Autism, wenza le ngongoma elandelayo: "Kuba konke esikwaziyo, umntwana onokulibaziseka ngokuphuhliswayo unokuba nethuba elide lokukhula .
Ndiyicinga ukuba akuncedi ukuphazamisa abazali ngale ndlela. Ndibone abantwana beqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye bathabathe ngokukhawuleza-ininzi yezingane ezibandakanyekayo ngokusesikweni kwangaphambili eziqhubela phambili kwaye zatshintsha ezikolweni zaseprayimari. "
Kutheni ukungenelela kwangaphambili kwi-Autism kwenza i-Sense
Ukungenelela kwangethuba kucacile into efanelekileyo. Kodwa akunakucaca ukuba ngaphambili kwaye kunzulu ukungenelela, kungcono umphumo. Abazali abakhuphe ukunyanga okokuqala ngethemba lokuthi umntwana wabo uya kuphucula "ngokubuya" kwi-autism banokude badakalise-ngelixa abazali abalindele "ixesha elide" banokubona iziphumo ezimangalisayo.
Kodwa kutheni ulinde?
Kunengqiqo ukuphatha umntwana nge-autism ngokukhawuleza. Izizathu zombini zisekelwe kuphando kunye neengqondo-eziqhelekileyo:
- Abantwana kunye nabantwana basesikolweni abanakho ezinye izibophelelo, ngoko yonke imini yabo inganyelwe kwiyeza (ngokuchasene nabafundi).
- Abantwana abaneminyaka emibili banemikhwa embalwa emininzi, ngoko kulula ukuba bayeke ukuziphatha kakubi ngaphambi kokuba bangakwazi ukuphazamiseka.
- Ukunceda abantwana ukuba bafunde ukuziphatha okwamkelekileyo kuluntu ngexesha elimncinane kunengcamango enoba ingaba i-autism okanye ayikho.
- Ukungenelela kwangethuba kuninzi kunikezelwa ngoncedo, ngoko akukho mngcipheko wemali.
- Nangona, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, umntwana wakho uye wafumanisa ngokungaqinisekiyo nge-autism, iintlobo zeenkqubo zokungenelela kwangaphambili ezenzelwe abantwana kwiimpawu zidla ngokuzonwabisa, ezisekelwe kumdlalo, kunye neengozi. Awudingi ukukhathazeka ukuba umntwana wakho uya kufumana unyango olungenakunobungozi.
Usebenza njani ngonyango olunjalo? Oku kuxhomekeke kumntwana. Njengokuba ngamnye umntwana enempilo yakhe, ubuchule kunye nemingeni, umntwana ngamnye uya kuba neziphumo zakhe. Kodwa nangona inkqubela encinci ibhetele ngakumbi kunanoma yintoni, ngakumbi xa le nkqubela ivela ngendlela yezonxibelelwano ezintsha ezenza umntwana avakalise iimfuno kunye neemfuno zakhe.
Ngaphantsi
Ewe, ukungenelela kwangaphambili yinto efanelekileyo. Akukho nto yokulahlekelwa kwaye yonke into izuze ngokufumana umntwana nge-autism ibe yonyango elifanelekileyo ixesha elide njengoko lifezekile. Xa uthethile oku, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukungenelela kwangaphambili akunakwenzeka ukuba ususe iimpawu ze-autism. Kwaye nangona iimpawu zomntwana wakho ziphucula kakhulu, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba ezinye iimpawu zokuziphatha , zophuhliso, kunye / okanye ingqondo zihlala.
> Imithombo:
> Udliwano-ndlebe noGeraldine Dawson, Ph.D., uprofesa we-Psychology kunye noMlawuli we-University of Washington Autism Centre. > UJanuwari > 2007.
> Dawson G, Toth K, Abbott R, Osterling J, Munson J, Estes A, J. J. Liaw J. Ukukhathazeka kokuqala kwezenhlalakahle kwi-autism: ukuhlalisana koluntu, ukunxibelelana kunye nokukhathazeka. 2004 Mar; 40 (2): 271-83.
> Dawson G, Zanolli K. Ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunye neplastiki yengqondo kwi autism.Novartis Ifunyenwe nguSymp. 2003; 251: 266-74; ingxoxo 274-80, 281-97.
> Estes et al. Iziphumo zexesha elide lokungenelela kwangaphambili kwizingane ezineminyaka engama-6 ubudala kunye ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder. " Umbhalo we-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. NgoJulayi 2015, uMqulu 54, iNqaku 7, iphepha 580-587.
> Matson JL. Ukuqulunqa isiphumo sonyango kwiinkqubo zokungenelela kwangaphambili kwiingxaki ze-autism: Uhlalutyo olubalulekileyo lwemiba yokulinganisa ekungeneleleni kwenkqubo yokufunda.
> UC Davis. Ukungenelela ezinyangeni ezingama-6 kunye ne-autism kuphakamisa iimpawu, kunciphise ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa. "NgoSeptemba 8, 2014