Ukuqonda izizathu zokuwa kunganceda ukukhusela ukulimala okukhulu
Kutheni abantu abadala bewela? Ngokuchasene nokucinga okuthandwayo, ukucinga okungahambi kakuhle okanye ukuxotha kungabikho nto yokwenza ityala, ngokubhekiselele kuphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseSimon Fraser ekhishwe ngo-2012.
Uphando, olupapashwe kwi -Lancet , ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa idatha yevidiyo yedijithali ukusuka kwiinkhamera ezivaliweyo ezifakwe kwiindawo zokunakekelwa kwexesha elide . Iikhamera zifakwe kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo ezifana namagumbi okuhlala kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezinamakhaya ahlukeneyo aseBrithani Columbia, kunye nemvume evela kwabemi kunye nabasebenzi.
Injongo yophicotho, ngokutsho kombhali oyintloko uStephen Robinovitch, yayikukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo oko kwanciphisa ukuwa nganye, kunokuxhomekeka kwimibuzo-mibuzo okanye oko kuthiwa yi-self-report emva kweyona nyaniso, njengoko kwenziwe izifundo zangaphambili.
Inani eliyi-227 liwela phakathi kwabemi aba-130 babanjwe kwividiyo, kwaye bahlaziywa yiqela likaRobinovitch kwi-Yunivesithi yokuLungisa ukuLawulwa kweNyango kunye neLebhubhu yokuThuthuka.
"Olu luhlolo lokuqala ukuqokelela ubungqina obunobangela bemeko kunye neemeko zokuwa," kusho uRobinovitch. Idatha yangaphambili iqokelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ixhomekeke kwimemori yomntu yintoni eyenza bawa-okanye iinkumbulo zamangqina ukuba kukho na. Sifuna ukufumana ividiyo eya kwenza njengebhokisi elimnyama kwi-moya ukuqonda ukuba yintoni eyabangela ukuphazamiseka. "
Izingozi zokuwa
Ukuwa kubantu asebekhulile kunokuba yinto enobungozi, amanqaku abonisa. Enyanisweni, ukuwa yinani elilodwa lokubangela ukulimala kunye nokufa okuhlobene nokulimala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.
ECanada, malunga nabantu abangama-27 000 abadala bafumana ukuphuka kwe-hip (ikhefu ephukile ) unyaka ngamnye, ephethe unyango lwezonyango ezingaphezu kwe-$ 1B; e-US, kukho i-300,000 ye-hip fractures ngonyaka. Ikota yesigulane sezigulane ezinqamlekileyo ziya kufa phakathi konyaka, kwaye isiqingatha siza kuhlahloka kakhulu ekuzimele, njengokunyanzeliswa ukuba sisuke kwikhaya kuluntu ukunyamekela ixesha elide.
Yiyiphi Eyona Nenjongo Ephuphumayo
Nangona utywala, iimpembelelo zonyango , kunye neemeko ezithile zempilo ezinjenge-arrhythmias zinokubangela ukuwa, amaninzi awela kwixesha elidlulileyo kubangelwa "iifolothi kunye nokuhamba," ngokutsho kukaRobinovitch. Izizathu zazinqunywe ngokubuza abantu abadala, okanye kwii-laboratory ukulandelelana kwe-slipping, ngokusebenzisa izifundo ezincinane. Kodwa ezi zimbangela zangaphandle, njengokungena kwiindawo ezingavumelaniyo okanye ukubamba inyawo kwisihlalo somhlalo okanye umhambahambayo, kuphela okubangelwa malunga nama-20% ewa efundweni likaSimon Fraser.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziwayo zibangelwa yintoni abaphandi ababiza ngayo "ukutshintshwa okungalunganga okanye ukutshintshela umzimba," okwalingama-41% okuwa. Ezi zibandakanya ukunyakaza komzimba okubangela ukuba i-gravity izitshintshe ngendlela engafanelekanga xa zihamba okanye zimi, kwaye ngenxa yokuba zibonakala zifuna-okanye ubuncinci-abaphengululi-abaphandi bachaza isenzo "njengangaphakathi" kwimvelaphi. Uninzi lwale mihla okanye izilungiso ezingaphezu kwexesha zenzeke ngelixa lidluliselwa ukusuka kumhambi ukuya kwisihlalo, okanye ngokulandelelana.
Ingxenye encinci kuphela (3%) yokuwa kwabangelwa ukutshona. Ngethuba ukuhamba phambili kwaba enye yezinto eziqhelekileyo ezandulela ukuwa, ngoko ke behleli phantsi bemi bodwa.
Ixesha lokuphendula kunye neBracing for Fall
Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba umntu omdala akakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukuphula ukuwa-okanye angazi ukuba bawela kude kube nzima ukukhusela abaphandi abafumanisa ukuba kwakungeyona imeko.
U-Robinovitch uthi, "I-75% epheleleyo yokuwa iquka impembelelo yesandla, kodwa yayingekho nto. Ngendlela, ezi ziindaba ezilungileyo: abantu banexesha lokuphendula, kunye nokuqaphela ukuba bawa, ngoko ke iingalo ziyafikelela. Ingxaki kukuba isenzo asiphulaphuli ukuwa kwawo, okungathi kuhlobene nokusilela kwamandla emisipha emzimbeni wabo ophezulu. "
Izikhokelo zokuLawulwa kwamaPhupha
Ukuba nolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga neemeko nezenzo ezikhokelela ekuwa kungabancedisa abanomdla ukuba bafunde njani ukuthintela, ngokutsho kukaRobinovitch.
Ngokomzekelo, ividiyo ingasetyenziselwa ukubonisa ababoneleli bezempilo, njengama-physiotherapists kunye neengcali zengqesho, iziganeko ezibangela iingxaki kubadala abadala kunye neengxaki zokuhamba, ukunceda ukuphendula umbuzo, "kutheni isiguli sam siwa?" Kwaye kuba kuninzi ukuwa kwenzeka xa umntu ehamba ehamba ehleli esihlalweni, okanye emele esihlalweni ukuba asebenzise umhambahambayo, ucebisa ukuba izixhobo ezincedisayo ziguqulwe ukwenza ezo zinguqu zibe lula.
Olunye uphando luye lwacela ukuba kulungiswe kwakhona abantu abaqhelekileyo, kunye nemfundo engcono malunga nendlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-2009 kwamasebe angxamisekileyo kuye kwabonisa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwama-47,000 baphathwa rhoqo ngonyaka e-US ngenxa yokuwa kwamanqwelwana kunye namanqindi. Umcwaningi okhokelayo kunye ne-epidemiologist namaziko ase-United States okuLawula nokuKhusela izifo, uJudy A. Stevens ubhala ukuba i-87% yezo ngozi zibandakanyeka abahambahamba-kunye nabasetyhini abanezinga eliphezulu lokulimala kuzo zonke iindidi zeminyaka. Uphando olupapashwe kwi- Journal ye-American Geriatrics Society , lwafumanisa ukuba i-60% yokulimala kwenzeke ekhaya kwaye i-16% kuphela yamakhaya asebekhulile.
UStephen Robinovitch ubonisa ukuba idatha yakhe ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlaziywa iikhowudi zokwakha kwiindawo zokunyamekela kwexesha elizayo, ukubandakanya izinto ezinjengezinto eziphantsi komhlaba. Iqela lakhe liphanda nokuba usebenzisa i-sublayer engqinileyo phantsi kwe-vinyl yebhedlele-bhedlele isebenza ukukhusela abahlali ekulimaleni okukhulu xa kuwela kwenzeka.
"Ubuncinane ekugqibeleni sineenkcukacha eziqinileyo, ezijoliswe kwiinjongo ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye zinokuthintelwa njani."
Imithombo:
IAff and Fractures. I-National National Institutes of Health National Institute kwi-Aging Information Sheet.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/falls-and-fractures
Judy A. Stevens, Karen Thomas, Leesia Teh, Arlene I. Greenspan. Ubungozi obungenanjongo obuthathakayo obunxulumene nabahambahamba kunye namaKhanki asebekhulile asebekhulile eMasebe angxamisekileyo eMelika. " Umbhalo we-American Geriatrics Society Volume 57, Issue 8, iphepha 1464-1469, ngo-Agasti 2009.
UStephen N Robinovitch, uFabio Feldman, uYijian Yang, uRebcca Schonnop, uPet Ming Lueng, uTeago Sarraf, uJoanie Sims-Gould kunye noMary Loughin. "Ukubanjwa kwevidiyo kwiimeko eziwa kubantu asebekhulile abahlala kwiinkathalo zangexesha elide: isifundo sokuqwalasela." I-Lancet , Ukupapashwa kwe-Intanethi kwangaphambili, ngo-Oktobha 2012. i-doi: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (12) 61263