Iingqinisiso ze-Autism Diagnosis
Ngaphambi koMeyi ka-2013, kwakukho izifo ezi-5 ezihlukeneyo ze-autism. Namhlanje, ngokwe-American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual, i-DSM-5, kukho enye i-Autism Spectrum Disorder. Ingaba i-autism yakho inzima kakhulu okanye imnene , nokuba ukuxilongwa kwakho yi-Asperger syndrome okanye i-Autistic Disorder, ngoku uqokelelwe phantsi kwe-umbrella efanayo.
Ukuba sele usenayo i- autism i-dism disorder diagnosis- enye enye engekho kwi-DSM-usacinga ukuba yi-autistic.
Indlela i-DSM (I-Manual Diagnostic) isebenza ngayo
I-DSM-5, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuthi "iBhayibhile" yokuxilongwa kwezempilo yengqondo, isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani ofumana iinkonzo, luhlobo luni lweenkonzo afumanayo, nokuba ingafanelekanga yini na iifom zemfundo ethile. Ukuba umntwana wakho uvavanywa ngutitshala owaziwayo ovakalelwa ukuba uhambelana nale miqathango, uya kufumana kokubili ukuxilongwa kunye neqoqo lezinto eziphathekayo kuquka nezonyango, iinkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo kunye nezinye iindlela ezinokuthi zifumaneke kwilizwe lakho okanye kwisixeko.
Nazi iindlela zokuqala zokuxilonga kwi-DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder:
A. Ukungapheli kokuqhubekayo ekunxibelelweni kwezentlalo kunye nentsebenziswano yentlalontle kwiimeko ezininzi, njengoko kubonakaliswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, okanye ngembali:
1. Ukulahlekelwa kwintlalo-ntlalontle, ekuhambeni, ngokukodwa, ukususela kwindlela engafanelekanga yentlalo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwintetho eqhelekileyo emva kwexesha; ukunciphisa ukwabelana kweminqweno, iimvakalelo, okanye ukuthintela; ukuhluleka ukuqala okanye ukuphendula ekusebenzisaneni kwezentlalo.
2. Ukulahleka kweziphathamandla ezingabonakaliyo zokuthetha ngokusetyenziswa kwezentlalo, ngokubhekiselele kumzekelo, ukususela ekunxibelelaneni kakubi kunye nokuthetha okungabonakaliyo; ukungaqhelekanga ekuthintweni kwamehlo kunye nolwimi lomzimba okanye ukulahleka ekuqondeni nasekusebenziseni impawu; ukungabikho kobukho obusweni kunye nokuthetha okungabonakali.
3. Ukulahleka ekuphuculeni, ukugcina, nokuqonda ubudlelwane, kubandakanya, ukususela ekubunzima ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha ukuze ihambelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zoluntu; ubunzima ekukwabeleni umdlalo ocingayo okanye ekwenzeni abahlobo; ukungabikho komdla kwiontanga.
B. Imida, ukuphindaphinda iipatheni zokuziphatha, umdla, okanye imisebenzi, njengoko kubonakaliswe ubuncinane kwezi zilandelayo zilandelayo, okwangoku okanye ngembali
1. Ukunyanzeliswa okanye ukuphindaphinda, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto okanye intetho (umz., Izithuthi ezilula, ukubethelela izinto zokudlala okanye izinto zokuqhafaza , i- echolalia , iindidi ze-idiosyncratic).
2 .Ukungaqiniseki ngokufanayo, ukunyanzeliswa ngokungagqibekanga kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo, okanye iindlela zokuziphatha ezingahambi kakuhle (umzekelo, uxinzelelo olubi kwiinguqu ezincinci, ubunzima beenguqu, iindlela zokucinga, imiyalezo yokubingelelana, kufuneka uhambe ngendlela efanayo okanye udle ukutya okufanayo yonke imihla).
3. Iminqweno ephakamileyo kakhulu, ukulungelelanisa okungaqhelekanga ngamandla okanye kugxininiso (umzekelo, isinamathiselo esinamandla okanye ukuxhalabisa ngezinto ezingavamile, ukuthanda izinto ezingapheliyo okanye ukunyamezela).
4. Ukuxhamla okanye ukuxhomekeka kwintetho engqondweni okanye intsingiselo engavumelekanga kwimimandla yendalo (umz., Ukungabandakanyeki kwintlungu / ubushushu, impendulo engalunganga kwizandi ezithile okanye izandi, ukuvumba okweqile okanye ukuthintela izinto, ukukhangela izibane okanye ukuhamba) .
C. Izibonakaliso mazibe khona kwixesha lokuphuhliswa kwexesha elidala (kodwa lingaze libonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo kuze kube yilapho izidingo zomphakathi zidlula ubunzima obuphantsi, okanye zingagxinwa zizicwangciso ezifunyenweyo kwimpilo kamva).
D. Iimpawu zibangelwa ukukhubazeka okwenkcenkceshelweyo kwizenhlalakahle, emsebenzini, okanye kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwangoku.
E. Ezi mpazamo azichazwa kakuhle ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo (ingxaki yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo) okanye ukulibaziseka kwehlabathi jikelele. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye ne-autism disorder disorder often happens; ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-autism ye-autism kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, uxhulumaniso loluntu kufuneka lube ngaphantsi kwekulindeleke kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa jikelele.
Yintoni enokuyenza xa umntwana wakho ubonakala efanelwe iCriteria for Autism
Imilinganiselo ye-autism inokubonakala ibonakala kakuhle, kwaye unokuqiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho u-autistic. Enyanisweni, kunjalo, kukho iimvavanyo ezithile eziza kunceda abasebenzi ukuba banokuthi impawu ziphakame kwizinga le-autism. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpawu ezifana ne-autism zibangelwa ngenye into ngaphandle kwe-autism; ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ukuxhalaba, imiba yentetho, kunye ne-ADHD inokuphosakelwa nge-autism.
Ukuba unenkxalabo, nokuba kunjalo, yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu yokufuna ukuphonononga nokuvavanya. Ukuhlolwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubonelelwa ngumntwana wakho. Nangona kungenako ukuxilongwa, kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqinisekise ukuba ngaba uvavanyo olusemthethweni lufanelekileyo.
Ukuvandlakanywa yinkqubo ebandakanya ootitshala abaningana kwaye iquka uluhlu lweemvavanyo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe. Udokotela wakho wezingane, isazi seengqondo sezikolweni, okanye isahluko se-Autism Society sinokukunceda ukuba ufumane iqela lokuhlola elinobuchule nolwazi.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2000). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (4th ed., Text rev.). EWashington, DC.
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). EWashington, DC.