NgoNovemba ka-2015, i-CDC yamemezela ukuba, ngo-2014, iziganeko ze-autism phakathi kwabantwana ziye zanda ngonyaka owodwa ukusuka ngo-1:68 ukuya ku-1:45 abantwana.
Ngokutsho kweWashington Post: Ingxelo evela kumaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo kunye neZiko leSizwe leeNkcukacha zeMpilo libonisa ukuba ukuxhaphaka kwe-autism kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ukuya kwe-17 kwenyuka malunga nama-80 ekhulwini ukususela ngo-2011-2013 ukuya ku-2014. Ama-80 (okanye i-1,25 pesenti), abantwana abane-autism-inani eliye laphazamisa amagosa ezempilo karhulumente kwiminyaka yamuva kunye nezibonelelo zenkqubo yesimo kunye neenkqubo zesikolo-ngoku abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ukuxhaphaka ngoku ku-1 kwi-45 (okanye i-2,24 pesenti).
Ezi ziphumo eziphazamisayo zisekelwe kwi-survey ye-CDC eyayitshintshiwe kunyaka odlulileyo. Ngaba ezo ntshintsho zingabangela ukuba kukho ukunyuka okubonakalayo, kunokoqobo, ukunyuka? Ingxelo ye-CDC, enesihloko esithi Ukulinganiswa koBungqina be-Autism kunye nezinye iziKhubazo zokuPhucula ukuLandela iinguqu zeeMviwo kwi-National Health Survey Survey, ka-2014, ibonisa ukuba oko kwenzeka kakhulu. Ingxelo yolu vavanyo yayisekelwe, kungekhona kwiirekhodi zezokwelapha okanye zesikolo, kodwa kwiimpendulo zabazali - ezingenakuchaneka ngokupheleleyo.
Ezinye iziphumo ezithandekayo ezivela kwiphononongo ziquka ukufumana kwakhona into yokuba ininzi abantwana abane-autism bavela kubazali abacebileyo, abamhlophe, abafundisayo, abahlala kwinqanaba elikhulu. Nangona le ngxowa-mali ayichazi into, uphando luye lwafumanisa ukuba iminyaka yabazali inefuthe kumngcipheko we-autism.
Ezi nkcazo zibonisa ukuba kukho inkcubeko okanye intlalo yoluntu kwiingxelo kunye / okanye ukuxilongwa.
Ucwaningo lwasekudala lwesiDanishi lujonge umbuzo ogqityiweyo: Ukutshintshwa kwimiba yokunika ingxelo ingabangela amaninzi (ama-60 ekhulwini) okwanda kwenyameko ye-ASDs kubantwana abazalwa ngo-1980 ukuya ku-1991 eDenmark. Ngenxa yoko, isifundo sisekela ingxabano yokuba ukunyuka okubonakalayo kuma-ASD kwiminyaka yamuva kunenxaxheba enkulu kubangelwa utshintsho kwiindlela zokubika.
Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho mbuzo ukuba abaninzi abantwana banokubonakala bengenayo i-autism. Abanye abaphandi bathi umba awukhoyo ukuba amaninzi ayanda kodwa ukuba abantu abaninzi baninzi baxilonga ngokuchanekileyo-kwaye inani lenyani ekugqibeleni liyabonakala.
Ngoko ... yi-autism ekunyuseni? Kwaye, ukuba kunjalo ... kutheni?
Njani kwaye Kutheni i-Autism Ixilongwa ngokuQala ngokutsha:
I-Autism yaqale ichazwa njengengxaki ekhethekileyo kuma-1940. Kwachazwa nguDkt. Leo Kanner, kwaye kwabandakanya kuphela abo bantwana ngezinto ezinokuchazwa namhlanje ngokuthi "zinzima" okanye "inqanaba lesi-3" i-autism disorder disorder.
Kuze kube ngo-1990, i-autism ayifakwanga kwimithetho ejolise ekuqinisekiseni imfundo kubantu abanempilo. Ngomnyaka we-1990, abantu abatsha abaneNqanaba loLwazi loKhubazekileyo bongeze i-autism kwiluhlu lwazo lweentlobo zabantwana kunye nolutsha olwenziwa phantsi kwesenzo. Umthetho omtsha wongezelela iinkonzo zenguqu kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuncedisa kwiimfuno zayo. I-Autism ayingakaze ilandelwe njengemigangatho yezemfundo ngaphambi kowe-1990. Ukususela ngo-1990, iziganeko ze-autism ezikolweni zikhulile ngokuphawulekayo.
Ngomnyaka we-1991, iNgxoxo ye-Autism Diagnostic Ingxoxo yapapashwa. Le yayisixhobo sokuqala esivakalayo ngokubanzi sokufumanisa i-autism.
Ngomnyaka we-1992, i-American Psychiatric Association yakhulula iNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatisatisti (DSM-IV), eyacacisa indlela yokuxilonga ye-autistic disorder. I-Autism yaba yintlukwano yeembalo; Ngokwenene, kwaba lula ukuba umntu abe ne-autistic okanye u-autistic autistic. Ukuxilongwa okutsha, kubandakanywa "ukusebenza okuphezulu" i-Asperger syndrome kunye ne "catch-all" PDD-NOS , zongezwa kwinqununu.
Ekuqaleni kwee-1990, kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokuxilonga kunye neendidi ezikhoyo, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kwaqala ukunyuka. Kwiminyaka eyi-10 phakathi ko-1993 no-2003, inani labafundi besikolo saseMerika abane-diagnostic autism landa nge-800%.
Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2010, inani laphuma ku-1: 150 ukuya ku-1:68.
Kutheni i-Autism yafumana ingxaki?
Kucacile ukuba kukho izikolo ezimbini zokucinga ngolu hlobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abo bathetha ukuba utshintsho kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga, ukudibanisa neenkcukacha zeenkolo ezitsha kunye nokwazi ukuphakama kwe-autism konke kwakha isifo esibonakalayo (kodwa kungekhona). Le ngqungquthela iphantse ngokuchanekileyo-ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinane - kodwa ngelixa lichaza ipesenti enkulu yokwanda ayinakuchaza ukwanda okuthobekileyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaba abo bathi enye into yangaphandle ibangele ukwanda kwenani labantu abathile baneempawu ezixilongwa nge-autism. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo malunga nokuba yintoni enye yangaphandle - kunye (nokuba kunjalo) kunokwenzeka ukuba ulungelelanise ukwanda kwe-autism ukuxilongwa kunye nokwanda kwezinye izinto ezivela kusetyenziso lwefowuni ukuya kwi-GMO yokusetyenziswa kwegciwane. Nangona ezinye zezinto ezinxulumene nazo zibonakala zingenangqiqo, abanye baye banomdla wokwenene owenziwa ngabaphandi.
Ngaba i-Autism Diagnoses Yet Stills?
Lo mbuzo uphakamileyo emoyeni, ingakumbi ngoku ukuba inkcazo yemigaqo kunye neenkcazo zokufumanisa i-autism zitshintshile (kunye nokupapashwa kwe-DSM-5 ka-2013). Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo kwizinto ezinokuthi zenzeke ngeendlela ezintsha. Ezinye iingcali zilindele ukuhla kwe-autism ukuxilongwa ngoku ukuba i-Asperger syndrome kunye ne-PDD-NOS ayisekho njengento "yokubamba yonke into". Abanye balindele ukwanda, njengoko ukuqonda kunye neenkonzo ziphucula. Idatha entsha inikezela ingqiqo - kodwa ngokucacileyo, kukho ininzi yeengcamango malunga nokusebenza kwayo kunye nokunceda!
Imithombo
- Ukuqikelelwa kobungakanani be-Autism kunye nezinye iziKhubazo zokuPhucula ukulandela iinguqu zeeMviwo kwi-National Health Survey ye-2014,
- I-CDC Inkcazo kwi-Autism
- Imbali Yezemfundo Yembali ye-IDEA
- Hansen SN, Schendel DE, Parner ET. Ukuchaza ukunyuka kobungakanani be-Autism Disecters Disorders: Iproportion ebonakalayo kwiinguqu kwiindlela zokubika. JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169 (1): 56-62. i-doi: 10.1001 / jamapediatrics.2014.1893.
- Suresh, Arvind. I-Autism ikhulisa imfihlakalo yokuxazululwa: Akunjalo, ayinayo igonyo, i-GMOs glyphosate-okanye ukutya okuphilayo. NgoJanuwari 9, 2015, iprojekthi yeGenestic Literacy.