I-PDD-NOS ayisekho, kodwa iimpawu zisekhona!
Ukuba uye wabandakanyeka kwihlabathi le-autism iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka embalwa, mhlawumbi uvile nge-disorder ebizwa ngokuba yi-PDD-NOS (ingxaki yokuphuhliswa kwenyango engaqhelekanga). Unokuba unomntwana ofumene uvavanyo lwePDD-NOS. Usenokuba uxelelwe ukuba ukuxilongwa kuthetha "kwi-autism spectrum, kodwa kungabi phantsi kweyiphi na indidi ekhoyo ye-autism."
Kutheni i-PDD-NOS engekho ixesha elide
Namhlanje, unokukhangela incwadi yokuxilonga ngonaphakade, kwaye ungalokothi ufumane ukuxilongwa . Kungenxa yokuba kwakukho kuphela kwiminyaka eminci mathathu kwaye yanyamalala ngonaphakade. Oko akuthethi ukuba iimpawu ziphela, okanye nokuba kukho abantu abambalwa abaneempawu ezinxulumene nePDD-NOS. Kunoko, kuthetha ukuba iPDD-NOS iyilungu lokuxilonga elidlulileyo.
I-PDD-NOS yafakwa kuqala kwi-DSM ngo-1987, nangona yayingachazwa kakuhle:
Eli nqanaba kufuneka lisetyenziswe xa kukho ukungaphumeleli kokubaluleka ekuphuhliseni ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo kunye nokuthetha kwezakhono ezingabonakaliyo, kodwa i-criteria ayifumanekanga kwi-Autistic Disorder, Schizophrenia, okanye i-Schizotypal okanye iSchizoid Personality Disorder. Abanye abantu abanolu xilongo baya kubonisa kwakhona impazamo emininzi yemisebenzi kunye neminqweno, kodwa abanye abayi kuyenza.
Ngonyaka ka-2000, i-Manual Diagnostic and Statistical Manual yabhala izifo ezinhlanu ezawa phantsi kwecandelo "leengxaki zentuthuko eqhubekayo" (PDDs).
Ezi ziquka i-autism, i- Asperger syndrome , i- Rett syndrome , i-syndrome ye-X ebuthakathaka, kunye ne-PDD-NOS.
Emva kokuba i-DSM-5 yashicilelwe ngo-2013, kunjalo, igama elithi PDD-NOS "linyamalale" kwiincwadi zokuxilonga. Uninzi lwabantu ababandakanyekayo banomuvo wokuthi lukhulu kakhulu kwaye aluqondwa kakuhle ukuba luyiluncedo.
Nge-DSM-5, abaninzi abantu abaye bafumana ukuxilongwa kwe-PDD-NOS ngoku kuya kuqwalaselwa ukuba bane-"autism spectrum" .
Ziziphi iimpawu zePDD-NOS?
Ngaphambi ko-2013 kunye ne-DSM-5, abantwana abaninzi babenempawu ezithile zePDD kunye nezinye iimpawu zenye, kodwa akwanele nayiphi na enye yeengxaki ezine zokufumana ukuxilongwa. Ngamanye amagama, ngelixa becaca ukuba bebambezeleka ukudibanisa kunye nezinye iimpawu, babengenayo i- Rett syndrome, i-X ekhubazekile, i-Asperger syndrome, okanye i-autism. Ngenxa yoko, bafumana i-catch-all diagnosis of PDD-NOS.
Abantwana abanePDD-NOS banokuba nemiqondiso emnene okanye enzima. Basenokuba baqiqile okanye baxakeka. Basenokuba bavakalisi okanye bangathethi. Ingongoma yonyani kuphela, ngoko ke, yayiyiyo kodwa ayinayo yonke impawu yezinye ii-PDD.
Kwiphepha eliphakanyisiweyo, iPDD-NOS yanikezela ukhetho lokuxilonga oogqirha bekhangele abantwana abanobubanzi beentlukwano ezingakhange zifane naluphi na uhlobo oluthile. Kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, uluhlu lwalo luqhelekileyo kwaye lucacileyo kangangokuba latshele abazali, oogqirha kunye nootitshala abancinci.
Ngokungafani noluhlu lwesifo se-Asperger njengamanje, eselinye igama elithi "ukusebenza kwe-autism ephezulu," i- PDD-NOS yayingathetha nantoni na.
Ngelixa abaninzi banesijwili sokulahlekelwa kwe-Aspergers (kwaye abaninzi banako ukusebenzisa i-term!), Bambalwa kakhulu babonakala bekhumbula iPDD-NOS.
Imithombo:
> Grinker, uRoy. Inkathazo ephuhlisayo yokuPhuhlisa ngeMinyaka kwi-DSM. Yenza ingqiqo. KwiWebhu. ND.
> King, BH, Navot, N., Bernier, R., & Webb, SJ (2014). Ukuhlaziya kwisigaba sokuxilonga kwi-autism. I-Opinion yangoku kwi-Psychiatry , 27 (2), 105-109. http://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000040