I-Echolalia ingaba isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekileyo kulwimi oluthethiweyo.
Xa abantwana be-autistic baqala ukuthetha, abanako ukwenza njalo ngendlela efanayo nabanye abantwana. Abaninzi baqala ngokukopisha amagama abava, kunokuba bazame ukusebenzisa amatsha amagama kunye namazwi abaza kunye nabo. Le "ukuchaneka" ingaba isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekileyo ekufundeni ukuthetha ngokuthetha, okanye nokuba yinto enye yokuphindaphinda yokuziphatha.
Yintoni Echolalia?
I-Echolalia kukuphindaphinda ngokuchanekileyo, okanye ukukhankanya, amagama kunye nezandi. Abantwana abane-autism bavame ukuba ngamazwi, oku kuthetha ukuba basebenzise amagama (ngamanye amaxesha basebenzise lawo magama ngokufanelekileyo) - kodwa amagama abo atyathwa kwimiyalelo efanayo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo belizwi elifanayo, njengabo bavelele kwiTV bonisa, kwincwadi, evela kootitshala babo, okanye ukusuka kwenye indawo.
I-Echolalia iyindlela ekhethekileyo yokuthetha, kwaye ingaba enye yeendlela zokuqala apho umntwana wakho esebenzisa intetho ukuthetha. Ngaloo ndlela, ngelixa lichazwe njengempawu ye-autism, ingaba yindawo enhle yomzali okanye ulwimi lweelwimi ukuqala ukusebenza nomntwana wakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye iimeko, i-echolalia ayinayo intsingiselo yokuthetha nonke.
Yintoni Echolalia Sound Sound?
Ngamanye amaxesha i-echolalia iyona echotshana ngokukhawuleza. Ngokomzekelo, umama uthi "Johnny, ufuna ukusela?" noJohnny uyaphendula "Ufuna ukusela." Kule meko, uJohnny usenokuba uyayiphendula ngokufanelekileyo umbuzo womama, kwaye unokufuna ukusela.
Kodwa kunokuba usebenzise ibinzana elinoveli elithi "ewe nceda," okanye "Ndingathanda i-lemonade," uyalungisa ulwimi lwakhe oluchanekileyo.
Kanye nje ngokuba i-echolalia ibambezelekile. Umntwana ubukela isiqwenga seSetame Street kwaye, kamva ngaloo mini, uvalelwa ukuxoxa ngokubambisana phakathi kukaBert no-Ernie okanye ukucula ingqungquthela yengoma yomxholo.
Abantwana abane-autism bangenakho ukukhumbula okungaqhelekanga, kwaye kwezinye iimeko banokuthi bafunde iincwadana ezinkulu zeefilimu ezizithandayo zizaliswe ngegama kunye nokuvakalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana onamandla angasebenzisa amagama ka-Ernie ngenjongo eyakhekileyo; maxa wambi amagama aphindaphindiweyo izandi.
I-Echolalia esebenzayo kunye neNgasebenzi
Kwabantwana abathile be-autistic, i-echolalia yinto nje ukuphindaphinda kwezandi ezingenanto. Ukubhaliweyo okungenakusebenza kwamagama okwenyani kwimeko efanelekileyo kunokudukisa abazali kakhulu, kuba kubonakala ngathi umntwana wabo usebenzisa ulwimi oluthethayo xa kungeyena kunjalo. Umntwana unokukwazi ukuphindaphinda sonke isicatshulwa seSpong Bob kodwa asiqondi ukuba ngubani na onobumba, oko bathethayo okanye ukuba ibali lithetha ntoni. Kungenzeka ukuba ukuphindaphinda kwezandi ezikhishwe ngekhanda kuneempembelelo zokuthoba abanye abantwana kwibala.
I-echolalia esebenzayo, nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwegama elibanjwe ngentloko ngenjongo yangempela. Umzekelo, umntwana uvala umgca kwiTV njengokuthi "unobisi?" kwaye kamva, xa unxaniwe, unokuthi "ufumane ubisi?" ngelizwi elifanayo kunye nesigxina njengesikhangiso kwiTV. Kwakhona, kulo mzekelo, umntwana usebenzisa ibinzana elikhunjiweyo okanye eliphindaphindiweyo, kodwa ngeli xesha usebenzisa lona ngendlela esebenzayo.
Ucela isiselo, kwaye isicelo sakhe siyaqondakala - kodwa akayi kunyuka kunye negama lakhe.
Xa i-echolalia isebenza, yimbangela yokubhiyozela: umntwana wakho uye wavelisa isixhobo sokuthetha ngokufunayo kunye neemfuno zakhe, ngomlomo. Inyaniso yokuba wenze oko kuthetha ukuba unako ukwenza okungakumbi, ngoncedo lwengcali yomlomo.
Nokuba xa i-echolalia ingasebenzi kangangoko yinto efanelekileyo yokuqala yokuthetha kunye / okanye ukudlala unyango. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana unakho ukukhumbula ngeenxalenye ezipheleleyo zevidiyo ekhethiweyo, kwaye ufunde ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Injongo yomntwana ngokuphindaphinda kungabakho ukuzinqabisa okanye ukunciphisa uxhalabo- kodwa ukuphindaphinda kungabonakalisa ukuthabatha ngokwenene kwimimiselo yevidiyo.
Kukho nawuphi na umzekelo, ukudlala unyango olufana ne-Floortime kunye nokunyango kolwaphulo kunye nodokotela oqhelana nokunyangwa kwetransmatic speech kungasiza umntwana wakho ukuba asebenzise izakhono zolwimi ngokubanzi nangaphezulu ngokufanelekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, intetho yengane yomntwana yakho iya kuba yinto ecacileyo kwaye isebenzayo.
Imithombo:
S teigler, LN. Ukuhlolisisa i-echolalia incwadi: ziphi iindawo zokuthetha ngeelwimi? I-J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015 Nov; 24 (4): 750-62.
> Van Santen, Jan PH, et al. Ukuqulunqa intetho ephindaphindayo kwiingxaki ze-autism kunye nokukhubazeka kweelwimi. " Uphando lwe-Autism: iphephancwadi elisemthethweni ye-International Society ye-Autism Research 6.5 (2013): 10.1002 / aur.1301. PMC . KwiWebhu. 16 uJulayi 2017.