UNxibelelwano luyintloko kwiNkcazo yezoNyango
Wonke umntu unemingeni yezokwelapha kwenye indawo okanye enye ebomini babo. Abantu abane-autism abafani. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, abantu abane-autism bahlala benemingeni engaphezulu kwezokwelapha kunabanye abantu. Ezinye zezinto eziza kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala kummandla ziquka:
- Iingxaki zesisu (eziqhelekileyo kubantu abane-autism)
- Ukulimala (abantu abane-autism kaninzi abanakho ukulungelelanisa ukudala kunye nokuzilimaza)
- Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokulala (abaninzi abantu abane-autism baneengxaki zokulala)
- Ukuhluthwa (ukuxhatshazwa okuqhelekileyo kubantu abane-autism)
Ngelishwa, kunokuba ngumngeni omkhulu kubantu kwi-autism i-spectism ukuze bafumane unyango oluyidingayo-nangona xa bethetha ngomlomo. Kunzima kunomntu ongeyomlomo , okanye ukuziphatha kwakhe kubonakala kungabikho kolawulo okanye ubundlobongela.
Ngenhlanhla, kukho iindlela ezithile abazali nabazinonophelo abanokuzenza ukuze baqinisekise ukuba unyango lwezonyango ze-autistic alufunayo imfazwe!
Kutheni Kukho Ngeenzima Ukuba Abantu Abazimeleyo Bakwazi Ukunyamekela Ngonyango?
Kubantu abane-autism, imiba enemiba inokuma endleleni yokunyamekela unyango, ingakumbi kwimeko engxamisekileyo. U-Eve Megargel ngumculi, umbhali kunye nomama wengane engabonakaliyo nge autism, kunye nombhali wencwadi ethi Learning to Kiss .
Uthi uMegargel uthi, "Siyazi ukuba kukho imiba yokunxibelelana, imiba yokukhathazeka, imiba yokuxhalabisa-iingongoma eziphambili ezifunekayo ukuba zihanjiswe kwaye ziphendulwe ukuze zifumane unyango olungcono njengaye nawuphi na umntu." Ngamanye amazwi, kwanokuba abantu abadala abakhulume ngomlomo kwi-spectrum banga:
- Fumana nzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukuzithetha ngokufanelekileyo ukuze uchaze iimfuno zabo zezokwelapha
- Khangela kunzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukuqonda nokulandela umyalelo othethayo
- Ndiziva ndikhungathekile izibane, ukuvumba, izandi, kunye nesibhedlele okanye igumbi lokuphuthuma
- Yenza impendulo eyahlukileyo kwintlungu kunokuba oontanga oqhelekileyo (abaninzi abantu abane-autism baneemithwalo ezibuhlungu kakhulu)
- Kudinga ukunyuka, idwala, ukukraba, okanye ukubiza ukuze uzinze
Abantu abangaxeliyo ngomlomo kunye / okanye abaxhalabisayo kakhulu kwi-autism i-spectrum bangabonakalisa iimpawu ezinokubangela ukwesatshiswa kwabasebenzi bonyango abangenalo ulwazi lwe-autism. Ngokomzekelo, banakho:
- Bolt (ubaleke)
- Ukuzilimaza (ukuzilimaza, ukubetha iintloko, njl.
- Yiba nomsindo kwabanye
- Yenza ngokukhawuleza, ukukhala okanye ukugcoba
- Ukunyusa ukunakekelwa
Ngenxa yokuba iziphathamandla ezizenzekelayo zinokuba nzima kakhulu kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo, ezinye iingcali zonyango zicinga ukuba zibona umntu entlekweni yengxaki yengqondo kunokuba umntu ogxininisekile. Ngenxa yoko, banokunyanzelisa ingxaki yezokwelapha ngeli gxi ninisa ingxaki yengqondo yengqondo. UMegargel uthi: "Ukuba umntu engena nge-autism kwaye bephethe imiba yokuziphatha, bacinga ukuba ingxaki ye-psycho-pharma kunokuzibuza ukuba kufuneka bafune imiba ye-GI."
Yintoni Abantu Abazimele Abayifunayo NgokweMpilo?
Uxinzelelo lwezonyango kunye nezibhedlele zinokumangalisa kunoma ubani.
Kuba abantu abaninzi abane-autism, nokuba kunjalo, banokuyingozi. Ukuze bahlale bezolile, abantu abamkelekileyo, abaxhamlayo, abasebenzisanayo kunye nabasebenzisanayo, baya kudla ngokufunekayo:
- Ummeli wesibhedlele owaziyo nge-autism
- Ukulungiswa kokukhululeka kwezibane ezibukhali, ukukhanya kunye nesandi esikhulu
- Izixhobo zokunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo (ikhibhodi, ibhodi yemifanekiso, njl.)
- Ulwazi malunga noko ukulindela (ngokuqhelekileyo kwifom ebonakalayo)
- Inkxaso evela kumntu owaziyo kwaye uyayiqonda (nangona xa kuyisiko ukuba isiguli sibe yedwa nodokotela)
- Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuzihlaziya okanye izinto (mhlawumbi kuquka inkululeko yokufuduka, ukuvakalisa, okanye ukusebenzisa ithoyilo yokulalisa, ividiyo okanye ezinye izinto)
Indlela Abazali Abanokunceda Ngayo Ukulungiselela Umntwana Wabo Ngenjongo Yonyango
Ukuba umntwana wakho uya kuba namava e-pre-planned-medical procedure, uvavanyo okanye utyando-unokufumana ithuba lokufundisa umntwana wakho ukuba ungalindela, njani ukuziphatha, kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana nabasebenzi bezibhedlele. Enyanisweni, kunokuba luncedo ukuchitha ixesha ukulungiselela umntwana wakho nangona uhamba nje kumntwana wezingane ukuba uhlolisise umntwana.
Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa ezenziwa nguEva Megargel:
- Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba aqonde amabala okubala okanye amanani ebonakalayo (ukudlula ixesha). Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho ahambisane nezicelo 'zokubamba ukuphefumula kwakho imizuzwana eyishumi,' okanye 'ulinde imizuzu emihlanu,' kwaye iya kunceda xa ulindele isiganeko esifana nesigonyo.
- Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba aqonde xa kuvalwe ukuvalwa (oku kude; ezi zihlandlo ezininzi). Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho ahlale ezolile ngokuqonda ukuba inkqubo iya kudlulela ngexesha elithile, ixesha eliqikelelweyo.
- Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuphefumula, kucamngca, njl. Ukuze ukhululeke.
- Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba aqonde amabali asekuhlaleni (amabali abukwayo achaza iziganeko ezilindelekileyo, ukuziphatha, ukhetho kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo). Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yakha ibali lezentlalo kwisiganeko sonyango umntwana wakho uya kuba nakho. Unokwenza oku ngokufotela indawo, izixhobo kunye nabantu abaza kubandakanyeka, kwaye uchaze ngemigca elula oko baya kukwenza kunye noko umntwana wakho akumele akwenze ukuze ancede. Umzekelo, "uDkt Smith uzakusebenzisa i-stethoscope ukuphulaphula intliziyo yakho, uya kubeka inxalenye yesicatshulwa esifubeni sakho, kuya kubanda, kodwa akuyi kubuhlungu.
- Lungiselela izixhobo zokuzisa. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna ibhodi yesithombe okanye ifowuni yonxibelelwano eyongeziweyo, khangela ukuba ufikeleleke kumagama nemifanekiso ayakuyidinga. Ukuzisa kunye naziphi na iimpawu zokunceda ezikhulayo, iingubo okanye iividiyo.
- Tyelela ngaphambi kwexesha; Thatha imifanekiso; njl. Uya kufuna imvume kunye nentsebenziswano yeqela lonyango lomntwana wakho, ngoko ubize phambili.
- Ziqhelise ukuze ulungele. Ukuhlaziya ngokukrakra ukusebenzisana okukhohlakeleyo kunye neenkqubo zingenza konke umehluko kumntu onogesi.
- Cinga ukubonelela ngomntwana ongeyomlomo ngefowuni ye-smartphone okanye ipad evumela ukuba athabathe umfanekiso okanye abhale kwibhodibhodi kwaye abe nezwi elihlanganisiweyo lifunde umyalezo. Oku kunokuncedisa ukunxibelelana nabasebenzi bezonyango.
Indlela Abazali Banganceda Ngayo Ukulungiselela Abasebenzi Bonyango Ukuba basebenze Ngezingane Zabo Abazimeleyo
Ingcamango enkulu yokunxibelelana nabasebenzi bezonyango kwiklinikhi yakho yangasese okanye esibhedlele ngaphambi kokuba umntwana afune unyameko. Ngaloo ndlela, xa umntwana wakho efika, wonke umntu uya kuba neengcamango ezilungileyo zokulindela, indlela yokuthetha kunye nendlela yokunceda umntwana wakho abe nolwazi oluhle kakhulu lwezokwelapha. UMegargel ubonisa ukuba abazali:
- Thetha nommkeli wokumkela. Akunako kuphela ukukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ulindele ntoni kwigumbi lokulinda, kodwa unokukunceda uqhagamshelane neemfuno zomntwana wakho kwabanye abasebenzi.
- Thetha nodokotela wengane yakho. Chaza iimfuno kunye nekhono lomntwana wakho, uze umcele igama lomntu oza kukwazi ukulungelelanisa ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho.
- Thetha nomongikazi oyintloko. Ingaba eofisini, kwikliniki, okanye esibhedlele, umongikazi oyintloko okanye umongikazi uya kuba nxaxheba kakhulu ekukhathaleleni komntwana wakho. Xa eyazi ngakumbi, bhetele ulungele ukuba uya kuba yinto enzima.
- Nika ulwazi malunga nomntwana wakho. Ngaba kukho "iindlela ezilungileyo" zokusondela kuye? Ukuthetha naye? Uncede ahlale ezolile?
- Melana nesithuba esithulekileyo, esincinci-enoba uyazi ukuba indawo enjalo inokuba nzima ukuza kwiziko lonyango.
- Mmelela umntwana wakho ngokuchaza indlela umntwana wakho othetha ngayo kwaye ugxininise ukuba ube khona naye. Kucacise ukuba akukho mzekelo ukuba kufuneka athathwe isixhobo soqhagamshelwano esongeziweyo-nakwigumbi lokusebenza.
- Nika ulwazi olucacileyo, oluchanekileyo ngembali yengane yakho, ukuxhalabisa ngezokwelapha ezithile, imithi kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka.
- Cacisa ukuba intetho yentlungu e-autism ayiqhelekanga; Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga okanye okugwenxa kungabonakalisa intlungu kunokugqithisa.
- Yilungiselele ukukhuthaza kunye / okanye ukuphatha imeko yokuziphatha. Yilungiselele ngengqondo ukuba ungenele ukuba ukhuseleko okanye abanye abantu baqala ukubandakanyeka.
Indlela yokukhetha i-Autism-Ugqirha onomhlobo
Uninzi lwabazali bakhetha ugqirha ngesiseko seengcebiso, i-inshorensi kunye nokufuphi. Nangona enye inkqubo ingasebenza kumntwana ozimelayo, amathuba okuya kufuna enye ingcaciso ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ugqirha wezilwanyana okanye ugqirha weentsapho. U-Eve Megargel uncoma ukuba ukhangele ngokukhawuleza ukuze ubone ukuba ugqirha oya kumtyelela (nangona "umntwana" wakho uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-18):
- Ukulungele ukuyeka kwaye uthathe ixesha lokubuza imibuzo uze uxhume kunye nawe nomntwana wakho
- Ulungele ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezibonakalayo kwakunye namagama okuthetha nomntwana wakho
- Ulolonga umntwana wakho kwaye abuze malunga nendlela efanelekileyo yokuthetha ngokufanelekileyo
- Ubonisa umonde xa umntwana wakho ubonakala exhalabile okanye enemiqobo yokuziphatha
- Ucinga ngawe, umzali, njengenxalenye yeqela
ILizwi
Umntwana wakho ogunyazayo ufuna kwaye unelungelo lokunyamekela unyango oluphezulu-nokuba lithatha umsebenzi owongezelelweyo kumntu wonke ukuba aqiniseke ukuba uyifumana. Ngokulungiselela umntwana wakho kunye neqela lakhe lezonyango ngaphambi kwexesha, kwaye ukhetha oogqirha ngokuhlakanipha, unokumisela umntwana wakho impumelelo. Kanye ngokubaluleka, unokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwezeziphumo zonyango.
> Imithombo:
> Udliwano-ndlebe noEva Megargel. Fe bruwari 2017.
> Megargel, E., et al. Autism kunye nezibhedlele: umdlalo onzima. Izifundo zePediatrics ze-Academic, uMqulu 12, iNqaku 6, iphepha 469-470, ngoNovemba / Disemba 2012.
> Soraya, Lynne. Imithintelo ekunakekeleni ukhathalelo lwempilo yabantu abadala. Psychology Namhlanje. KwiWebhu. Juni 2014.