Ukubetha kungabangela ukuguqulwa okukhulu kumbono. Ininzi yexesha, umntu osindayo olwa nesifo esibuhlungu unamava kuphela, okanye mhlawumbi iinguqu ezimbalwa zenguquko yombono, kodwa akuzona zonke. Kungenxa yokuba imimandla eyahlukeneyo yengqondo isebenza kunye ukulawula umbono. Ngoko, ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu kunye nendawo yokubetha, kunokuthi okanye akuchaphazelekanga imiba eyahlukahlukeneyo yombono.
I-Hemianopsia engabonakaliyo: I-Field Field Visual okanye Ukulahleka koMbono wePheripheral
Intsimi ebonakalayo yinqununu yilahleko yembono. Ukunqunyulwa kwintsimi ebonakalayo kungabangela ukulahleka kombono ngakwesobunxele okanye kwicala elilungileyo, kwinqanaba eliphezulu lombono, kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kombono, okanye kwintsebenziswano yeendawo.
Amandla ethu okubona ihlabathi lixhomekeke kwingqondo ekufumaneni ihlabathi elikujikeleza ngathi ukuba liyi-pie e-ezine edibeneyo ngokufanelekileyo kunye kunye nokuqhuba ipake. Xa i-stroke ibangela i- hemianopsia engenamagama , bobabini amehlo balahlekelwa amandla okubona "iinqununu ze-pie." Ngoko ukulahlekelwa kwintsimi ebonakalayo kunokubangela ukuba bobabini amehlo bangakwazi ukubona kwicala lesobunxele okanye zombini amehlo akakwazi ukubona kwicala lasekunene okanye zombini amehlo akakwazi ukubona okuphezulu okanye amanqanaba angasentla asekhohlo.
Lo mlinganiso wokulahleka kombono okwenzeka ngenxa yesigxina uchazwa njengesi-hemianopsia engaqhelekanga kwaye ingachazwa ngokucacileyo njenge-hemianopsia engabonakaliyo, i-hemianopsia engabonakaliyo, i-right quadrant hemianopsia, njalonjalo.
I-hemianopsia engabonakaliyo inokubangelwa xa i-stroke ilimaza ummandla we-lobe wesikhashana, i-parietal lobe okanye i-loip occitalital. Indawo ekhethekileyo yokubethelwa kwesigxina imisela ngqo indawo yokulahleka kombono. Ukulimala ngakwesokunene kwengqondo kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwimbono yangasese kwinqanaba, nangona umonakalo kwicala lasekhohlo lobuchopho lubangela ukulahleka kombono onobulungisa.
Ukungahoywa ngetekisi okanye ukuKhutshwa kokuVikela
Ukungahoywa ngeso lengqondo kuyahluke kakhulu kwi-hemianopsia ene-homonomous. Ukunyanzeliswa kokubonakalayo yimeko apho abasindileyo beza kukwazi ukubona izinto eziqhelekileyo kwintsimi engasekho yombono.
Ukunyamekelwa kwelinye icala kungabikho (ukunyanzeliswa kokubonakalayo) okanye kunokuthi kwenzeke kuphela xa enye into "ecaleni" ilinganisela ukuqwalasela (ukuphela kokubonakalayo).
Ukungahoywa ngokubonakalayo kunye nokuphela kokubonakalayo kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo xa uhlangothi oluchaphazelayo luchaphazela i-lobe ye-parietal lobe.
I-Diplopia: Umbono Ombini okanye Umbono oPhukileyo
Umbono ombini unobangela wesifo esenza ukuba buthathaka imisipha yezilwanyana ngendlela enokuba iliso elinye alikwazi ukuhambelana ngokupheleleyo nelinye iliso, ukunika imbono yezinto ezimbini xa kukho enye kuphela.
I-Diplopia ingabakho lonke ixesha, okanye inokuba yinto kuphela xa ukhangela kwinqanaba elithile, umzekelo xa ususa amehlo akho ngakwesobunxele, ukuya ngasekunene okanye phezulu okanye phantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-diplopia ingenza ukuba umbono wakho ubonakale ungenangqondo okanye ungacacanga, kunokuba uhlambuluke ngokuphindaphindiweyo, njengoko imifanekiso emibili ingabaleka, ibonakale iphosakele.
Ininzi yexesha, i-diplopia ibangelwa ukubetha kwe- brainstem okanye i- cerebellum , nangona ngamanye amaxesha izibonda ezinobuncwane kunye neengqungquthela zingenza i-diplopia.
Ukulahlekelwa Kombono
Ukuphazamiseka kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kombono opheleleyo kwelinye iliso, kwaye kunqabile, kwimbini. Ukuphelelwa kwiphumo lokujonga iliso elinye lisoloko lwenzeka ngenxa yokucinywa komnye weemithalo ezinika ukuphuma kwegazi kwiso, isifo se-ophthalmic okanye igatsha layo elibizwa ngokuba ngumthi we-retinal.
Abanye abasindileyo besifo banokulahlekelwa yimbono kwimiba emibini emva kokuphazamiseka kwesithintelo esithinta i-lobes yomlingo, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yimpumputhe , oku kuthetha ukuba i-stroke survivor eye ijongene nokukhanya (abafundi bafumana encinci ekuphenduleni ukukhanya) ngokungathi unako sa yibona. Ngona-mpahla, i-corroke surviver iyakwazi 'ukubona' ngenxa yokuba ingqondo ayikwazi ukubona umyalezo obonakalayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abanokulahlekelwa yimbono abaqapheli ukuba abanakuzibona nokuziphatha njengokuba banako. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi- Anton's syndrome kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa yimivimbo enxulumene nemimandla ephambili yombono kwi-lobes occipital.
I-Visual Hallucinations
Imiboniso ebonakalayo ingenzeka emva kokuhlaselwa. Iingqungquthela ngamava okanye iingcamango zezinto ezingezona zinyani.
Imeko ebizwa ngokuba nguCharles Bonnet Syndrome ibonakaliswa yinto ebonakalayo yokuhlaselwa ngabadlali abaswelekileyo ngenxa yesiso okanye ingxaki yengqondo ebandakanya iindlela ezibonakalayo, ezifana ne-cataracts, i-glaucoma, i-stroke, i-tumor ye-brain kunye ne-headaches. Abasindileyo be-Stroke abaneCharles Bonnet Syndrome ngokuqhelekileyo bayazi ukuba izinto 'abazibonayo' azikho.
Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela ebonakalayo ebuchosheni kubangelwa imilayezo ebonakalayo eyinkimbinkimbi ehanjiswayo kwiziko lombono kwingqondo. Ingxabano kuyo nayiphi na indawo yemibono yengqondo ingabangela isifo sikaCharles Bonnet, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, kubangelwa ukubetha kwesinye okanye zombini i-lopital lobes.
Achromatopsia okanye Ukulahleka kweMbala yoMboniso
Isimo esinqabileyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-achromatopsia kukuba ukulahleka kombono, kubangele izinto ezibonakala zibe zimnyama, ezimhlophe, okanye zimpunga. Ebangelwa yintsebenziswano yomonakalo kwiindawo eziliqela ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho okanye ngesiphene semfuyo, le ngenye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zentlungu.
Amaurosis Fugax
I-Amaurosis fugax yintshintsho ebonakalayo ehambelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic ehamba phambili (iTIA) , eyona yintsimbi engapheliyo. Iimpawu zeklasi ze-amaurosis fugax zibandakanya ukuba umthunzi omnyama okanye oyimfama uyayigcina enye okanye zombini amehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-amarousis fugax ichazwa njengento yokulahleka kwimbono okanye ukulahleka kombono.
Into ebalulekileyo ye-amaurosis fugax kukuba iphucula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuba kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwexeshana kwendlalelo yegazi kwilihlo, eliyi-TIA, eliqwalaselwa njengesilumkiso esisengaphambili. Uninzi lwabantu abakhalaza iimpawu ezivakalayo njenge-amaurosis fugax zivavanyelwa ukuba bane-artery carotid. Xa imbangela ye-TIA ichongiwe kwaye iphathwa ngonyango, ingqungquthela iya kugwenywa.
Umbono Utshintsho Awuhambelani neStroke
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi zembono eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa yiengxaki zamehlo, iindlovu okanye esinye isifo, kodwa kungekhona isifo.
- Izikhukhula
Ukuba ubona amabala "athambileyo" ngamathuba amaninzi, oku kudla ngokuba ngumqondiso wesifo seso sesifo sesifo sikashukela, esinokubangela ukuba utshintsho olunzulu lwemibono xa lushiywa lungakhange lugqithwe. Ukuba ubona iipulati, kufuneka ufumane unyango lokukhusela ukulahlekelwa kombono. - Ukubona iHaros eziPhakathi kweziLanga
I-cataract, edla ngokubangela ukuguga okuqhelekileyo, isifo sikashukela okanye ukutshaya, kubangela ukuba ukhangele ngeglasi efufayo okanye eneqabunga. I-Cataracts ingaphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iphephile. - Ephantse kuBoniswe okanye Kubukhali obude
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokubona okukufutshane kunye nokubona kakuhle zibangelwa ukungagqibekanga kwamehlo. Abantu abasondeleyo babunzima ukugxila kwizinto ezikude, ngelixa abantu ababukeka bebunzima ukugxila kwizinto ezikufutshane. Ezi ziingxaki zobomi okanye ngenxa yokuguga ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa kungekhona isifo. - Umbono kathathu
Akukho sikhokelo esiyiyoqobo sebhaloji yemiboniso emithathu. Abantu abathi banokubona izinto ezininzi bangaphantsi kwefuthe lamachiza okanye iziyobisi okanye bafumana ingxaki yeengqondo. - Ubumfama obomvu obomvu obomvu
Ubumfama obomvu obomvu buhluke kwi-achromatopsia (xa umntu engakwazi ukubona umbala.) Ubumfama obomvu obomvu bubangelwa yimpembelelo yemfuza.
ILizwi
Enye yezinto zethu ezibaluleke kakhulu yimiqondo yombono. Umbono ufuna ukusebenzisana okunzima phakathi kwamehlo kunye nengqondo. Ukuphazamiseka kunokubangela ukuba utshintsho oluninzi kumbono, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besibalo, kwaye yimuphi ummandla wengqondo ochaphazelekayo. Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yokulahleka kombono yinkqubo ende efuna ukuba nomonde omkhulu kunye nokuphikelela.
> Imithombo:
> Kumral E, Uluakay A, Dönmez İ. UCharles Bonnet Syndrome kwisigulane esinomdla weLove Occidital oLungileyo: Ukuhluthwa kwesifo okanye ukuchithwa kwePhenomenon? Neurologist . 2015; 20 (1): 13-5
> UMichael D. Melnick, uDuy Tadin kunye noKrystel R. Huxlin. Ukufunda kwakhona ukufunda kwi-blindness cortical. Neuroscientist . 2016; 22 (2): 199-212.