UkuHlola nokuThola abantu kwiNqanaba loMngcipheko kunye noKongeza
Yonke iminyaka embalwa, imihlahlandlela yokuhlola umhlaza wekoloni ihlaziywa ngokusekelwe kububungqina benzululwazi, iindlela zokuvavanya ezintsha, ukufikeleleka, kunye nokunokwenzeka koqoqosho. Izikhokelo ezintsha, ezibekwe yi-American College of Gastroenterology, ziye zahlula iindlela zokuhlola iindidi ezimbini: ukukhusela umhlaza kunye nokubona umhlaza.
Uvavanyo lweNgcaciso yeMhlaza
Ukuhlolwa kovavanyo lokukhusela umdlavuza wekolon kuhlose ukufumana izikhalazo kwi- colon ngaphambi kokuba ziguqulwe ngumhlaza.
Ngomntu oqhelekileyo, kunokuthatha ixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-20 ukuze izicubu ziguqulwe kwi- polyp okanye i-adenoma encinci kwi-adenocarcinoma, eyona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wekoloni.
Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlola i-colon kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwabantu abanesifo somhlaza (non-cancerous mass) kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho bokuphila komdlavuza wekoloni ngamaphesenti angama-80, ngokwe-American Cancer Society. Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla yokuhlolwa kwekhontoni kubandakanya:
- IColonoscopy
- I-computed tomography colonoscopy (i-colonoscopy ebonakalayo)
- Sigmoidoscopy yeFlexible
- Ukwahlukana kabili ne-barium enema (DCBE)
Isisombululo sokuHlola iNgcipheko
Uninzi lwabantu luwela kwisigaba esichengeni somngcipheko wokukhusela umhlaza wekolon kwaye ukhuthazwa ukuba uqale ukuvavanya kwiminyaka engama-50 (okanye 45 ukuba ungumAfrika wase-Afrika). Ubizwa ngokuthi unomngcipheko ophezulu wokuvelisa umdlavuza wekoloni:
- Ukuba awunayo isilinganisi sokuqala somhlaza nomhlaza wekolon (ukuba uyayenza, kufuneka ukuba ufumane ukuba unomdlavuza wekolon emva kweminyaka engama-60 okanye ulungele ukwanda komngcipheko).
- Ukuba awuyi kutshaya okanye ukusela kakhulu.
- Ukuba awunayo imbali yomntu womhlaza, umdlavuza wekolon, okanye i-polyps.
- Ukuba awunayo nayiphi na imfuyo yokumelana nomdlavuza wekoloni (i-Peutz-Jeghers, i-polyenis i-familial adenomatous, i-nonpolyposis ye-colorectal syndrome).
- Ukuba awunayo i-ulcerative colitis, isifo sikaCrohn, okanye nayiphi na imeko yobunzima.
Ekugqibeleni, iminyaka oqala ngayo ukuhlola umhlaza wekoloni ayilwanga kwilitye. Ugqirha wakho usebenzisa ezi zikhokelo njengengqamaniso yesalathisi kodwa unokukhuthaza ukuvavanywa kwangaphambili ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu yomdlavuza wekolon okanye ezinye izifo zesisu.
Ngomntu onomngcipheko oqhelekileyo, ukuhlolwa kweenkqubo zokuhlola kufuneka kulandele le shedyuli, ngaphandle kokuba kufumaneka okungaqhelekanga:
- I-Colonoscopy-minyaka yonke eyi-10
- I-computed tomography colonoscopy (i-colonoscopy ebonakalayo) -yonke iminyaka emihlanu njengolu vavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuya kwi-colonoscopy endoscopic
- I-flexible sigmoidoscopy-i-Flexible-minyaka yonke emihlanu njengenye indlela eya kwi-colonoscopy
- Ukwahlula kabini i-barium enema (DCBE) -yonke iminyaka emihlanu
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na iimvavanyo ngaphandle kwe-colonoscopy ineziphumo ezingaqhelekanga, uya kusasa i-colonoscopy ukuqinisekisa ezo ziphumo (kwaye unokususa nayiphi na iipolisi okanye ukukhula okuncinci, ukuba kuyimfuneko).
Ukunyuka kweNgcaciso
Ukuba unyuke okanye unobungozi obukhulu bokuvelisa umdlavuza wekoloni, iimvavanyo zakho zokuhlola ziza kwenzeka rhoqo. Thetha ugqirha wakho ukuba ubone ukuba i- inshurensi yakho ifaka ukuvavanya , njengoko ezinye iinkampani zifuna ubungqina bendawo yakho eyongeziweyo okanye eyingozi (njengeziphumo zokuvavanya i-genetic).
Nangona kuqinisekiswe kwi-case-by-case basis by ugqirha wakho, usenokuba ukwanda kwingozi okanye udidi oluphezulu:
- Ukuba unesihlobo sokuqala (okanye izihlobo ezimbini zesibini) kunye nomhlaza wekoloni ofunyanwe phambi kweminyaka engama-60.
- Ukuba unembali yomhlaza.
- Ukuba unembali ye-polyps.
- Ukuba wena okanye isiqingatha sokuqala se-Peutz-Jeghers, i-polyenis ye-familial adenomatous, i-nonpolyposis i-heritage, okanye i-syndromes yomhlaza.
- Ukuba une-ulcerative colitis, isifo sikaCrohn, okanye esinye isifo somzimba.
Izikhokelo zokujonga ukunyuka kwabantu nabangcolileyo zihluka ngohlobo lwaloo nto ebezibeka kulolu hlobo-imbali yomntu womdlavuza wekoloni, iipolisi, impawu zomhlaza we-genetic syndromes, okanye ukwanda komngcipheko weentsapho.
- Kubantu abanomdla wentsapho ye-colon umdlavuza , iimvavanyo zokuhlola kufuneka ziqale kwiminyaka engama-40 okanye eyi-10 phambi komnxeba omncinci wesifo somhlaza kwintsapho yakho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unyoko wakho unomdlavuza oneminyaka engama-45, kufuneka uqale ukuhlola i-35 ubudala. Ugqirha wakho angakhuthaza i-colonoscopy yonke iminyaka emihlanu, kuxhomekeke kumandla akho emngciphekweni.
- Ukuba unembali yomntu wee-colon zeepolisi kwiimviwo zangaphambili (kodwa kungengomdlavuza), ukuvama kwakho kwesikrini kuxhomekeke kwinani kunye nohlobo lwama-polyps atholakala kwaye asuswe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unesibini okanye ezimbini, i -adenomas i-tubular , mhlawumbi kufuneka i-colonoscopy emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwe-10 emva kokususwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo i-polyps ezi-10 okanye ngaphezulu, ungadinga i-colonoscopy yonke iminyaka emithathu kwaye ugqirha wakho unokukhuthaza ukuhlolwa kofuzo lwe-syndromes yomdlavuza.
- Ukuba unembali yomntu womhlaza wekolon , ukuvama kwakho kwenkcazo kuxhomekeke kwisigaba kunye nomgangatho womhlaza wakho kunye neendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukususa ( ukuhlinzwa kunye ne-colonoscopy). Iimviwo zakho zokuhlola ziba njalo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu okanye kwiminyaka emithathu, kuxhomekeke kulezo zinto, impilo yakho kunye nesiluleko sakho.
- Abantu abanezifo zesifuba esivuthayo bangadinga ukuhlolwa kwee-colon rhoqo, kodwa kuphela ukuba amathumbu amakhulu athathwe. Ugqirha wakho uya kuba neengcebiso ezithile malunga nawe, ngokusekelwe kwisifo sakho sesifo.
- Ukuba unayo (okanye unayo imbali yentsapho) nayiphi na imvelaphi yesifo somhlaza womhlaza , ukuhlolwa kwakho kufuneka kuqalwe njengobutsha njengeminyaka eli-12. Ukunyuswa kwe-sigmoidoscopies minyaka yonke kukhuthazwa ukuqala kwiminyaka eyi-12 kubantu abane-familial adenomatous syndrome. Ukuba unesifo sengculaza esingenalo i-polyposis ye-colorectal syndrome (i-HNPCC okanye i-Lynch Syndrome), ukuhlolwa kweemvavanyo kunokuqala ukususela kwiminyaka engama-20, kunye ne-colonoscopies yesiqhelo nganye ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.
Okwangoku, akukho ziphakamiso ezisesikweni kubantu abagqithiseleyo, abomsi, okanye abasela kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, bayakhuthazwa ukuba baqwalasele iimvavanyo zokuhlola ukuqala ngaphambi kobuncinci kunabantu abasemngciphekweni, ukuqala kwiminyaka engama-45.
Uvavanyo lweCcercer Detection
Iimvavanyo zeStool zenzelwe ukufumana umdlavuza xa zikhoyo, kungekhona ukuzikhusela okanye ukuzibamba kwangaphambili. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeemvavanyo ze-stool-iimvavanyo eziza kuhlolisisa umlinganiselo wegazi kwi-stool kunye nokuvavanya ukuhlola iiseli zomhlaza ezichithwe kwisigu (i-DNA tests).
Ezi zilingo zivame ukugqitywa ekhaya, zisebenzisa i-kit yokuqokelela kwiintsuku eziliqela. Ugqirha wakho uyakukunika imiyalelo ethile phambi kokuhlolwa nganye, okuquka ukuqokelela kunye nokubuyisela imiyalelo yeesampuli.
Ukuvavanya kwe-stool kufuneka kugqitywe rhoqo ngonyaka, emva kokuzalwa kwakho kweminyaka engama-50 kubantu abanomngcipheko kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Fecal (FOBT) -nyaka wonke
- Uvavanyo lwe-Fecal immunochemical (FIT) -nyaka wonke
- Uvavanyo lwe-DNA lweStool-minyaka emithathu
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. I-American Cancer Society's Guide epheleleyo yeCrorectal Cancer . Clifton Fields, NE: I-American Cancer Society.
American Cancer Society. (nd). Ukutholwa kweCrorectal Cancer Early Detection.
American Cancer Society. (nd). I-American Cancer Society Iingcebiso zeCrorectal Cancer Detection Detection.
Rex, DK, Johnson, DA, Anderson, JC, et al. (NgoFebruwari 2009). Ikholeji yaseMelika yeGastroenterology Izikhokelo zeCrorectal Cancer Screening 2008.