UCharles Darwin wayengusosayensi waseBrithani wenkulungwane ye-19 eyayiqala ukuba zonke iintlobo zivela kwabanye. Emzimbeni wakhe womsebenzi, wacebisa iingcamango ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Theory of Evolution, exhaswa yinkqubo yokhetho lwendalo. UDarwin waqala ukupapasha le ngcamango kwimiqulu ebizwa ngokuba yi -Origin of Species ngo-1859.
Enyanisweni, imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ithi zonke izinto eziphilayo ziguqukile kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Zonke izinto eziphilayo zikwazi ukulandelela iingcambu zabo kwezinye iintlobo ezaza phambi kwazo. Iindidi zihlala ziguquka, ngamanye amaxesha ziyahlukana zibe ziintlobo ezintsha.
Yintoni Ukukhethwa Kwemvelo?
Ukukhetha ngokwemvelo kuchaza indlela iintlobo ezixhomekeke ngayo kwimeko yazo, ezenza bakwazi ukukwazi ukuphila - kunye nokuguquka-njengokuba imeko iguquka. Inkqubo yokukhethwa kwendalo iqala ngabantu abanezityalo ezivelisa iimpawu ezinika ithuba lokuphila. Le nzuzo yokusindisa kuthetha ukuba unokuhlala ixesha elide ukwenzela ukuvelisa kwaye unike le ngxaki kubantwana bakho. Kwizizukulwana, abaninzi abantu banelungelo elilungileyo njengoko abo bangenawo banokufa ngaphambi kokuvelisa.
Umzekelo wolu lungiso luya kuba yindlela abantu abaye bajika kuyo ukuba bade okanye bahambe ngokuthe tye.
Omnye umzekelo uya kuba iilwanyana ezincinci ezithandwa yizilwanyana ezinkulu ziguqukile ukuba ziqhume ngokukhawuleza kunezidumbu zabo.
Ingcinezelo yendalo ingaba yimbalela eyenza izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezinokuphila kunye namanzi angaphantsi okanye ezikwazi ukufudukela kwindawo ezinamanzi amaninzi. Imbalela ayiyi kudala impawu kulezi zityalo kunye nezilwanyana, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba zibulale abo bangenazo iimpawu ezifunekayo.
Iimpawu kuphela ezifakwe kwizinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ziyakwazi ukudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo ukuze zikuncede.
Ukusinda kwe-Fittest
"Ukusinda kwezona zinto zininzi kakhulu" ibinzana lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukhetho lwendalo. Abanye abantu batyala uDarwin ngegama. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa iDarwin yamkela eli binzana kwiphephancwadi elandelelweyo kamva, umntu owayesebenzisa le ngqungquthela wayengumlingani kaDarwin, isazi sefilosofi saseBrithani uHerbert Spencer.
Imizekelo Yonyango Yokukhethwa Kwemvelo kunye noVuqulelo kuMsebenzi
Iingcamango zikaDarwin zimile ukuvavanya kwexesha, kwaye zisetyenziswe namhlanje njengesizathu semibandela emininzi yempilo kunye nonyango:
- Iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela ukuba abantu bagule baze bafe baye bavela ukuze bavumelane nemikhosi yabo. Imizekelo yintsholongwane ye-nosocomial efana ne-MRSA kunye neClostridium difficile okanye izifo kunye neengxabano ezifana ne-H1N1 imkhuhlane yengulube.
- Iibhaktheriya ezinqanda ukulwa ne-Antibiotics ziguqulela kwiindawo zokuhlala zonyango kunye nabongikazi apho kusetyenziswa i-antibiotics. Amayeza anokubulala amaninzi amabhaktheriya, kodwa inani elincinci linamandla okuphila (ukusinda kwezona zinto zininzi) kwaye zivelisa. Ukukhethwa kwemvelo kusebenza. Ibhaktheriya enokumelana nayo ngoku iyakhula, ithathe indawo yeebhaktheriya ezabulawa yi-antibiotic. Ngenxa yoko, kukho rhoqo ukufuna iintsholongwane ezintsha iintsholongwane ezingabonakali.
- Iyeza elenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye neProjekthi ye-Human Genome Project zixhomekeke kwinxalenye yeengcamango zikaDarwin. I-genetic code of humanity ishintshwe ziziphumo ezifunyanwa ngabantu kwizizukulwana ezininzi.