Ixesha elithi myelopathy lithetha ingxaki ngentambo yomgogodla, enokubangela ukuba kunobunzima, ubuthathaka, i- dysautonomia , kunye nokunye. Zininzi izizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokubangela izilwanyana. Ukukhulelwa akuyona imbangela eqhelekileyo, kodwa oogqirha kufuneka bawuqonde ngenxa yokuba unyango lufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, i-fungus, okanye i-parasites zonke zikhokelela kumonakalo wentambo yomgogodla.
Jonga ngokukhawuleza kwezi zilandelayo zi-10 zeentlobo zesifo somgudu.
Iintsholongwane
Intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Iingxaki zeengxaki ze- HIV ziqhelekileyo ngexesha lekhosi yesifo. Ezinye zezi ngxaki zibangelwa izifo ezichaphazelekayo ezisebenzisayo ukukhubazeka komzimba. I-HIV ngokwayo, ingahlaselwa kwinkqubo yeentlanzi, kubandakanywa nentambo yomthambo. Uphando oluphanda iintambo zomgogodla zabantu abaye bafa ne-HIV baye bafumanisa i-myelopathy ekhethekileyo phakathi kwama-11 ukuya kuma-22 ekhulwini. Xa ezi zigulane zinezibonakaliso, ziyakhononda ukubetha kunye nokuphazamiseka emilenzeni yazo, zilandelwe ubuthathaka kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulahleka kwesilonda okanye ukulawula isisu kunokulandela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umqondo wokuzulazula kunye nesimo sengqondo (ukufumana izinto) kuncipha ngaphezu kwezinye iinjongo ezifana nokushisa okanye intlungu. Ukongezelela ekuphatheni i-HIV, kufuneka kubekho ukukhutshwa ngokukodwa ukukhuphela ezinye izifo okanye izifo ezifana ne- lymphoma .
Uhlobo lwe-T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1): Le ntsholongwane ixhaphake kwimimandla yezotyhu, kwaye ngoko-myelopathy ebangelwa yintsholongwane iyaziwa njenge-tropical spratic paraparesis (TSP), okanye i-HTLV-1-i-myelopathy (HAM). ). Ubuthathaka bukhula kancinci iminyaka. Utshintsho olusisiseko kunye ne-dysautonomas ziqhelekile.
I-virus ye-Herpes: I-herpes yintsholongwane ye-viruses iquka i-varicella zoster (iVZV, imbangela yenkukhu), i- herpes simplex virus (HSV), i-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, imbangela ye- mononucleosis ), kunye ne- cytomegalovirus (CMV) . Zonke zinokubangela izifo emthonjeni womthambo.
I-VZV ibangela izibonda emva kokuba ziphinde zenzeke kwi-gangorganic gangs egxinineni elisecaleni lomgudu womkhuhlane, okubangelwa ukugqithisa kakhulu. I-myelitis ingafika ngexesha elifanayo njengento yokukhawuleza, okubangelwa ubuthathaka, kodwa kunokuza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kokugqithisa kubantu abangenakuxilongwa.
I-Myelitis ebangelwa ezinye iilvesia ze-herpes, ezifana ne-HSV, ayinqabile kubantu abaneenkqubo ezikhuselweyo zokuzivikela. Kwalawo anesistim e-immune sonakalisiwe, njengalezo ezinentsholongwane ekhuselekileyo ye-HIV, iintsholongwane ezinjenge-CMV zingenza i-myelitis ibe ne-numbness, ubuthathaka kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Unyango olusenziwa ngama-anti-viral yindlela efanelekileyo kwiimeko, kunye nokulungisa ukunyanzelwa kwe-immunosuppression, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
- I-entryoviruses: I- enterovirus eyaziwayo kakhulu ukuchaphazela intambo yomgogodla i-polio, enombulelo ongenqabile kakhulu kumazwe athuthukile. Njenga- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), i-polio ithinta iipilisi zangaphondo zangaphambili zentambo yomgogodla, ekhokelela ekukhubazeni ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwezinto. Nangona ukukhubazeka okubangelwa yipolio ngokwenene kuyinkcenkcesha engavamile (iipesenti ezi-1 kuya kweepesenti ezi-2), iziphumo zayo zinzima kwaye ziyizona zizathu eziqhelekileyo zokulimala kunye nokulaliswa esibhedlele kuze kube yilapho ukuza kugonywa kukunceda ukuphelisa ukugula.
Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile : Intsholongwane yaseNtshona yeNayile ithathwa yizinyoyi. Iingxaki ze-neurological zikhoyo malunga nama-5 ekhulwini kwizigulane ezinegciwane, kubandakanya i-meningitis okanye ukukhubazeka. Njenge-poliyo, oku kukhubazeka kucatshangelwa kukuba ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamaseli ompondo owangaphambili. Iimpompo zomoya ziyimfuneko ukuba iimpawu zibe zikhulu kakhulu.
Syphilis
I-Syphilis ibizwa ngokuba "ngumlingisi omkhulu" kwi-neurology ngenxa yokuba isifo sinokukwenza malunga nantoni na kwinkqubo yesantya. Esi sifo ngokuqhelekileyo sihlasela inkqubo ye-nervous phakathi nonyaka wokusuleleka, kodwa kuphela ama-5 ekhulwini abantu abane-syphilis bahlakulela iingxaki zeklinikhi.
Ekubeni i-syphilis ihlala ibanjwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iingxaki zeengxaki ze-neurological, ezi nkxalabo zisoloko zingabonakali. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezinokuthi zithintele ukusuleleka kwe-syphilitic, isifo somgudu sasisisigxina ngaphezu kwezinye. Emva koko kwakuyi-meningomyelitis kunye nesifo se-spinal vascular disease. Konke kuzo zonke, ngoko, ukusulelwa kwe-syphilis kunokuchaphazela intambo yomgudu ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Igama elithi "tabes dorsalis" libhekiselele kwingxaki yesifo somgudu oqhelekileyo ochaphazelekayo kunye ne-syphilis, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula iminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15 emva kokusuleleka. Kwimizuzu engama-70 yezi gulane, ixesha elibi leentlungu liyiyoyibonakaliso yokuqala. Oku kulandelwa ukungabi namandla kunye neengxaki kunye nokulawulwa kwesisu kunye nesilonda. Ubungqina, ukubetha, kunye nezinye iingxaki ngesiphumo sokuvakalelwa. Isigaba esilandelayo kubandakanya i- ataxia enzima yemilenze, eyenza kube nzima ukuhamba. Ekugqibeleni, isigaba sokugqibela siguqule imilenze.
I-Meningomyelitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezijikeleze intambo yomgogodla kunye nentambo yomthambo ngokwawo. Isiqalo sokuqala sisinomdla wokulwela umlenze. Ukulahleka okuqhelekileyo kuncinci, kodwa imilenze iyaqhubeka iyancipha.
I-Syphilis inokubangela ukuba i-vasculitis ibangele umonakalo wesiqhelo kumgogodlo ngokunqumla ukuhamba kwegazi, okanye kunokubangela ukukhula okungavamile okubizwa ngokuba yi-gummas eyancipha ngokukhawuleza iimbilini zeentambo zentambo. Ngethamsanqa, isifo ngokuqhelekileyo sisabela kakuhle kwi- penicillin .
Isifo sofuba
Njenga-syphilis, isifo sofuba sinokubangela ezininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki zengqondo, kodwa ngethamsanqa, akunqabile kumazwe athuthukile. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo yomgca weengcambu ibangelwa zizilonda zamathambo emgodleni ojikelezayo kumgca womgca. Intlungu ebuyela emva yimiqondiso eqhelekileyo yokuqala, njengoko intambo ikhutshwe yi-pus from vertebra ekhulelwe.
Absterial Abscesses
I- abscess yintsholongwane ekhutshwe kuwo wonke umzimba ngomzimba womzimba. Isiphumo kukuqokelela kwe-pus. Oku kukhula ngezinye izihlandlo kungakhula, okukhokelela ekunyanzelweni kwezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ngaphakathi komzimba, kubandakanywa nentambo yomthambo. Isizathu esona sihlandlo esiphezulu sentambo yomgogodla i-abscesses yiStaphylococcus aureus. Usuleleko luhlukaniswe nalo lonke umzimba, ngoko ke ukunika i-antibiotics kaninzi akuyona indlela efanelekileyo, kuba akukho ndlela yokuba izidakamizwa zidlule umqobo. I-neurosurgeon inokufuneka ukuba isuse i-abscess ngaphandle kokuyikhupha kwaye ichithe intsholongwane emzimbeni.
Izifo ezifayo
Isifo esinesibetho esiphepha nje intambo yomgudu asiqabile, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuvele kuphela kulabo abanamasosha omzimba athathaka. Ezinye iifungi, ezinjengeAspergillus, zingangena kwindawo yokugulisa umthambo, kwaye abanye bangakhokelela ekukhuleni okubizwa ngokuba yi-granulomas enganyanzelisa intambo yomgogodla.
Izifo eziPasasitic
Nangona ukusuleleka kwe- parasitic ye-spinal cord ayinqabile kumazwe ashishino, izifo zonke ze- Schistosoma ziphela zizona zimbangela eziqhelekileyo zokusasazeka kwe-HIV. Ezi zidla ngokufumaneka eMzantsi Melika, eAfrika naseMpuma ye-Asia. Izinto eziphilayo zihlala zihlala emanzini amnandi, kwaye abantu banokusuleleka xa betha kuloo manzi. I-canine tapeworm I- Echinococcus granulosus inokubangela i-cysts ephoqa intambo yomthambo. I-Cysticercosis inokubandakanya intambo yomgudu malunga nama-5 ekhulwini amatyala. I-Paragonimiasis yi-fluke fluke efumaneka ngokuyinhloko e-Asia kwaye inokufumaneka ngokutya amaqabunga amanzi angcolileyo. Zonke ziyakubangela ukugqithisa, ukubetha, ubuthathaka kunye nezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa yi-myelopathy.
Nangona ezi zifo ziyakwazi ukumangalisa, ukwesabisa, kwaye zihlala zinzulu, inyaniso kukuba ininzi yabo iya kunyangwa ukuba ichongwa ngokufanelekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba ifunyenwe ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> Goodman, BP. Inkqubo yokuThengisa i-Myeloneuropathy; I-Continuum: Intambo yomgudu, Umsuka, kunye ne-Plexus Disorders Umqulu 17, Inani le-4, ngo-Agasti 2011.
> AH Ropper, MA Samuels. I-Adams kunye neMigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009.