Intsholongwane ye-Hepatitis C (i-HCV) yintsholongwane ebangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Isasazeka ngokuqhagamshelana negazi lomntu ogulayo okanye umzi womzimba. Izindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufumana ukusuleleka kwe-HCV ngukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo, ngesondo esingakhuselekanga, inkqubo yonyango usebenzisa izixhobo ezingcolileyo, okanye ngokulimala okanye isilonda esichazela igazi elikhulelwe nge-HCV.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
I-HCV ingena emzimbeni kwaye ivelise emzimbeni womntu (umntu osulelekileyo), ngokujoliswe ngqo kwisibindi. I-HCV ivame ukukhusela umzimba womzimba, kwaye ibangela izifo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngqo esibindi. Impendulo yomzimba womzimba nayo ivelisa ukuvuvukala okungonakalisayo kwesibindi. Isibindi sinoxanduva lwemisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njengokuba i-clotting yegazi, ukugaya, ukutywala ukutya kunye nesifo semetabolism, ngoko ke le HCV inomthelela omkhulu kumzimba.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezaziwa ngazo i-HCV ehlasela umzimba.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa
Ukukwabelana ngeenaliti, iisringana okanye esinye isixhobo sokufaka iziyobisi kukubeka engozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-HCV. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingaxhamliyo kujongene nokutheleleka kwe-HCV e-United States.
Ikhosi ye-HCV igula ingaba yinto eyahlukileyo kulabo abafumana ukusuleleka ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokuba abantu bafumana isifo ngezinye iindlela.
Izizathu zezi zinto azicacanga, kodwa abantu abahlala bebonakaliswe ngentsholongwane ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo banakho ukusulelwa kwakhona emva kokuba baphathwe.
Qha ga mshelwano
I-Hepatitis C isasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo kodwa akwenzeki ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokungafani nentsholongwane ye - hepatitis B , eyaziwayo ukuba ikhona kwi-semen kunye namanzi asemzimbeni, i-HCV ayifumaneki kwiimali ezibalulekileyo kula manzi.
Umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-HCV ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo unyuka xa unamaqabane amaninzi ezesondo, unxibelelana ngqo negazi, unesifo esithathelwana ngesondo, okanye unentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Kunzima ukulinganisa inani labantu abafumana i-hepatitis ngokwesini kunye nezinye iindlela. Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba amaqabane omntu omdala osisigxina somntu osuleleka ku-hepatitis C athathwe nge-4 pesenti yexesha.
Kukho uphando olujonge ukuba ngaba amadoda angama-gay asemngciphekweni ophezulu we-HCV, kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba uluntu lunokuba ngumngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-HCV kwiimeko ezithile, ezifana nesondo esingakhuselekanga nomlingane ogulayo.
Ukuthunyelwa kwabantwana kwabantwana
Kuphela malunga neepesenti ezi-4 zeintsana ezizalwe koomama abane- hepatitis C ziya ku sulelwa yi-HIV. Oku kubizwa ngokusasazeka. Umngcipheko wokusasazeka ngokuthe phantse ukuba umama unayo i-HIV okanye unomthamo wentsholongwane ephezulu (inani eliphezulu leentsholongwane emzimbeni wakhe) ngexesha lokunikezelwa. Icandelo le-C alibonakali ukwandisa umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa, kodwa ukukhulelwa kwexesha elide ngexesha lokuhambisa lidibene nomngcipheko wokwanda kwe-HCV.
Phantse bonke abantwana abazalelwe oomama abane-HCV banamachiza e-virus.
Oku akuthethi ukuba umntwana unesifo. Ama-antibodies anama-proteins omzimba aveliswa ngumzimba ekuphenduleni izifo ezibangelwa zizifo ezinjenge-HCV, kwaye ezi proteins ezikhuselweyo zidluliselwa kwiintsana ezincinci kumama.
Akukho bubungqina bokuthi ukuncelisa inganciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HCV ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana. Enyanisweni, amaziko okuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC) kunye ne-American Congress ye-Obstetrics kunye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG) iyavuma ukuncelisa unina ngeHCV.
Ukulimala kweeNdawo zeMfuno kwiZimiselo zeMpilo
Abahlengikazi, oogqirha kunye nabo bonke abaqeqeshi bezempilo abahlala besisebenzisa iinaliti ngelixa ukubonelela ngononophelo lwezempilo kunobungozi bokulimala kweemfuno.
Enyanisweni, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezu kwee-600,000 ukulimala kweemfuno zezilingo zenzeke ngonyaka, kunye nabahlengikazi basengozini enkulu. Umyinge malunga neepesenti ezi-2 zokulimala kwamasilwane apho kukho ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane iya kubangela ukuba i-hepatitis C.
UkuTshintshiswa kweGazi
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukumpontshelwa igazi kwakuyindlela eqhelekileyo yeHCV yasasazeka. Abantu abane-hemophilia, i-thalassemia, okanye esinye isifo esidinga ukuxilongwa ngamaninzi kwakusemngciphekweni wokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, ukuchazwa kwe-HCV ngokumpontshelwa igazi akunqabile kakhulu kuba igazi elixhaswayo livavanyelwa ama-antibodies e-HCV kunye ne-HCV yezinto eziphilayo. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ithuba lakho lokufumana i-HCV kwi-transfusion yegazi li malunga nesigidi kwisigidi.
Iinkqubo Zonyango
Ezinye iinkqubo zonyango, ezifana nokuguquka komzimba, zinokukubeka kwi-As njengegazi, abaxhasi bombutho bavavanyelwa intsholongwane kunye ne-antibodies, benza umngcipheko kakhulu. Iigonyo ezineenaliti ezingcolileyo zingabonakalisa abantu kwiHVC. Oku akuqhelekanga kumazwe athuthukileyo kuba iinaliti ezilahlayo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Qha ga mshelwano
I-HCV inokusasazeka ngaphakathi kwindlu, kodwa oku akunqabile. Ukuphila nomntu onokwenza i-HCV kuya kukwandisa amathuba akho okutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane. Umngcipheko wohlobo lo sasazo lunancitshiswa ngokuthatha izicwangciso ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, ekubeni i-razors kunye neentambo zezinyo, inokwakho, ingumthombo we-HCV ukubonakaliswa, kuyinto engcono ukuba ungabelane ngale nto.
Ukusasazeka okungaziwa
Kukho inani elincinci labantu abane-HCV abangayazi ukuba baphathwe njani. Olu hlobo lokusasazeka lubizwa ngokuba yi-sporadic, idiopathic, okanye i-infected-infected infection. Ezinye iziqikelelo zibonisa ukuba iipesenti ezili-10 zesifo se -hepatitis kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 ze-hepatitis ezingapheli zibangelwa ukukhanya okungaziwa. Uninzi lweengcali zikholelwa ukuba lolu hlobo lwesasazeka luvela ekuthintaneni nesilonda esingcolileyo, ukuxhatshazwa kwengozi enkulu nomntu osulele kwi-HCV, okanye ukutyhila kwi-HCV kwinkqubo yonyango.
Ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi baye bahlakulela i-hepatitis C ngaphandle kokuba bavelele kuyo nayiphi na ingozi eyaziwayo, ngoku kuyacetyiswa ukuba bonke abadala abazalwa phakathi ko-1945 no-1965 bavavanywe.
Indlela yokuphila
Kukho izinto ezinobungozi bokuphila ezinokunyusa amathuba okusuleleka kwi-HCV. Ezi zinto zenza ubomi bakho bandise amathuba okuba udibane negazi elingcolileyo.
- Ukuthayathwa ngamathambo okanye ukubhoboza umzimba: Amanye amathambo afakwa kusetyenziswa iinaliti ezingahlambulukanga kakuhle, ezinokunyusa umngcipheko weHCV.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Injecting naluphi na uhlobo lwesilwanyana esikhumbeni, imithanjeni (IV) okanye imisipha inokunyusa amathuba okufumana i-HCV xa ukwabelana ngeesaliti.
- Umsebenzi wesondo ongakhuselekanga: Umsebenzi wesondo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweikhondom okanye xa umsebenzi wesondo uquka ukudibana negazi, kukho ingozi eyongezelelweyo yeHCV.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokunyusa ingozi yesondo. Lo mngcipheko ubonakala uhlukile kwengozi yentsholongwane ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
- Abasebenzi beZonyango: Abasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo banokusuleleka, ikakhulu xa benakekela izigulane kwiimeko ezingahlambulukanga.
- Iinkqubo zezoNyango kunye neZonyango: Iinkqubo ezenziwe kwimeko engavunyelwanga zinganyusa amathuba okusuleleka kwiimveliso ezingcolileyo.
- Uqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo: Akukho ubungqina bokuba ukuqhagamshelana okungaqhelekanga, ngokubanzi, kusasaza i-hepatitis C. Ukuqhagamshelana ngokungaqhelekanga kubandakanya ukumanga, ukunyunyuza, ukuxuba, ukukhwehlela, ukwabelana ngokutya okanye amanzi, ukwabelana ngezinto zokutya okanye iilazi zokusela.
Heath Risks
Akukho mvelaphi yofuzo yokufumana i-HCV okanye yokuphuhlisa isifo esininzi. Impilo kuphela ehambelana ne-HCV inokukhubazeka kwesistim somzimba, okwenza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulwa nesifo. I-immune defence edlalwa rhoqo ngeHCV inentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
- Usuleleko lwe-HIV: I-HIV, njenge-HCV inokufumaneka ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezijoyiweyo kunye neenaliti ezingcolileyo kunye noqhagamshelwano lwezesondo. Ukunqongophala komzimba we-HIV kunokukwenza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulwa nosulelo lweHCV. Ukongeza, ungadinga unyango lwe-antiviral yesifo ngasinye, esingenza izigqibo zonyango zibe nzima nakakhulu xa usulelekile.
> Imithombo:
> Bui H, Zablotska-Manos I, Hammoud M, et al. Ubuninzi kunye nama-correlates ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ezisandul I-J J Umgaqo weDrug. Ngo-2018 Feb 8. i-pii: S0955-3959 (18) 30025-2. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.drugpo.2018.01.018. [Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta]
> Lonardo A, Adinolfi LE, Restivo L, et al. I-Pathogenesis kunye nokubaluleka kwegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis C: ukuhlaziywa kwisicwangciso sokusindisa i-pathogen. Ihlabathi J Gastroenterol. 2014 Juni 21; 20 (23): 7089-103. i-doi: 10.3748 / wjg.v20.i23.7089.
> Terrault NA, Dodge JL, Murphy EL, et al. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokwesondo kwe-virus ye-hepatitis C phakathi kwezibini ezithandana nomntu oyedwa: i-HCVpartners isifundo. Hepatology. 2013 Mar; 57 (3): 881-9. i-doi: 10.1002 / hep.26164. Epub 2013 Feb 7.