Isicwangciso se-US siphuhlisiwe ngenxa yokuqhambuka
Izifo
Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (CDC), i-smallpox iyingozi kakhulu, isifo esithintekayo, kwaye ngezinye izifo ezibulalayo ezibangelwa yi-variola virus. Iimpawu zengqungquthela ziqala ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, intloko nomzimba, kwaye ngezinye izihlanza. Ukukhawuleza kulandela okusasazekayo kwaye kuqhubela phambili ukuphakamisa izibonda kunye neengxube ezizaliswe ngamagqabi ezinqabileyo, ezinqabileyo, kunye nokuwa emva kweeveki ezintathu, zishiya inqabile eboyiweyo.
Umntu obonwe ngentsholongwane ye-smallpox uza kuqala engenazo iimpawu kwaye akaxhatshazwayo. Ngexesha elithile phakathi kweentsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-17 kamva, iimpawu ziya kuqala. Umntu uba negalelo xa uqala ukugqithisa, kwaye uhlala esalathisekile kuze kube yilapho inqabana yokugqibela inqabileyo iwa.
Ubungozi beNqununu
Ibhokhwe, xa isetyenziswe njengesikhali, yayiya kuba yingozi enkulu kuba:
- isasazeka emoyeni xa umntu osulelekileyo ephefumula, athetha, ehleka okanye ekhwehlela
- inokusasazeka ngempahla enesifo okanye iibhanki zokulala
- inokusasazeka kunoma yiphina imozulu okanye ixesha
- akukho nonyango okanye unyango
- oogqirha abambalwa babeyazazi i-smallpox ukuba bayibona
- Abantu abasindayo bashiywe izibazi ezimbi emzimbeni okanye ubuso babo, kwaye abanye baba yimfama
- I-30% okanye ngaphezulu kwabantu abafumana isivumelwano sokungena kwi-smallpox bayafa
Inqununu yonakaliswe ngabantu baseMelika kwi-1700s (bona incwadi kaElizabeth Fenn, i- Pox Americana , malunga neenkcukacha). Nabani na owaziyo ngalo uyamoyikayo.
Kwakuba kubekho ambalwa amacala abiwe kumajelo abeza kuba nexhalaba elibanzi, nokuba nexhala.
Yintoni Eyenziwa Ngokuqhambuka Okungenzeka?
Ekubeni imeko yokugqibela ye-smallpox eyenziwa ngo-1977 eSomalia, izazinzulu ziye zafuneka zithembele kuphando olwenziweyo ngaphambi koko, kunye neengqikelelo zabo zokufunda, xa bezama ukucwangcisa ukuqhambuka.
Nantsi into esiyaziyo, kwaye yintoni eyenziwayo:
1. Abantu abagonywe kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo abanako ukukhuselwa.
Ukugonywa kukunika isifo kwisifo, kodwa kungekhona ngonaphakade; izazinzulu ngokuvakalayo ziyavuma ukuba ukukhuselwa komzimba ngokupheleleyo kuphele iminyaka engama-3-5. Emva koko, iqala ukuphela. Uphando olupapashwe ngowe-1972 lubonise izinga lokufa kwe-11% kubantu abagonywe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ngaphambi kokungcola kwi-smallpox.
Oososayensi bayazi ukuba xa umntu evelele kwi-smallpox, ukunika umntu ugonyo kwisithuba seentsuku ezi-4 kunciphisa ubunzima besifo okanye kumthinte ukuba angayifumani.
2. Inkqubo yoLungiso lweNgcinci kaZwelonke
NgoDisemba 2002 iNkqubo yeSizwe yokuLungiswa kweNcinci ka-US yaqaliswa ukukhusela amaMerika malunga ne-smallpox, ukuba isetyenziswe njengesipilisi se-biological. Iqela leempendulo zePlaspox liza kwenziwa kwiindawo kulo lonke ilizwe. Amalungu eqela, kuquka nabasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwempilo, abacimi bomlilo, amapolisa kunye namavolontiya, bagonywe ngokulwa nesibhokhwe kwaye ngaloo ndlela banokuphendula kwisantya ngaphandle kokufumana isifo. ISebe lezoKhuseleko liye laqalisa ukugonywa kwabasebenzi basekuhlaleni nabasemagunyeni abasebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ngethuba likaJanuwari-24 kuDisemba 31, 2003, i-vacpoxx yokugonya yayilawulwa ku-39,213 kunye nolondolozo lwempilo lwabantu baseburhulumenteni kulo lonke elase-US Abasebenzi abangaphezu kwesigidi nabasemagunyeni baye bafumana i-vacpox vaccination ukususela ngoDisemba 2002.
3. I-CDC yeNgcoliso yeSiphakamiso kunye neZikhokelo
I-CDC iye yaphuhlisa iSicwangciso seMpendulo yeNgcinci kunye neziKhokelo. Isicwangciso sicacisa izicwangciso eziza kubakhokela impendulo yempilweni yomphakathi kwisiqhwithi sesibhobho esikolweni, kummandla nakwimimandla. I-CDC ithi isitofu sokugonywa kwe-smallpox asifumaneki kumalungu kawonkewonke ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthe kwaqhambuka, i-agesi ithi kukho okwaneleyo okugonywa kwe-smallpox egcinwe ukugonya wonke umntu e-United States.
4. Ukufundisa ababoneleli ngempilo malunga nokugonywa
Ingqwalasela eyongeziweyo kukuba ukuqeqeshwa oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi indlela yokulawula isitofu sokugonya ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uqaphele impendulo ephumelelayo kwisitofu sokugonywa (isifo esiya kwindawo yokujola) iya kuba yinkqubo eqhubekayo.
Inqununu ayinikiweyo kwisibhozo esisodwa (injection) njengezinye izitofu. Kukho ubuchule obukhethekileyo obubizwa ngokuba yi-multiple vaccination vaccination. Abanikezeli benkonzo yezempilo kufuneka bafundise abo bachonywe ngeempawu ezinokuthi zenzeke, kunye nendlela yokunyamekela isifo kwiziko lokugonya.
Ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi?
I-CDC ineBaspox Basics kunye neNkcazo yokuVavanyo ekhoyo kuwonke jikelele. Kukho nephepha leenkcukacha kwiSihloko Sokuba Sifunda Nge-Smallpox Kwiimifanekiso-I-Fact or Fiction exoxa nge-FX Networks 2005 i-TV ye-TV "I-Smallpox" kunye neyeMeyi 2002 yokugqibela kwe- ER .
> Imithombo
> Altman, Lawrence K. "Impembelelo yeSigxina seNqununu ingaba yinde, iFundo ithi." I-New York Times , 8/29/02.
> Amaziko okuLawula izifo. Inqununu.