Isinyathelo sokuQala kunoma yikuphi ukuPhumela kweZonyango
Uphononongo olulinganiselayo lufana nolwazi lwesayense lokungena inzwane yakho emanzini. Uphononongo olwenziwa ngumqhubi lunokubandakanya ukufaka ingcamango yokubona ukuba ingcamango iyasebenza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana ingqiqo ecacileyo yeendleko, ixesha, kunye nefuthe lophando ngaphambi kokuqalisa ukuhlaziywa kweendleko ezinkulu .
Izifundo zokuqhubela phambili ziyiyona nkqubela encinci yesilingo esicetywayo esicetywayo esenziwa ngethuba elifutshane elifutshane kunye nenani elincinci labathathi-nxaxheba.
Bavumela abaphandi ukuba bachaze nayiphi na imingcipheko kwisakhiwo sokufunda kunye nokusebenza iikinks ezinokuthi zibekho kwiprojekti yokufunda.
Izifundo zokuqhubela phambili zingasetyenziselwa kwizilingo zamachiza ukuvavanya izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo zezidakamizwa, iindlela zokulawula (iipilisi, i-injection), ukhuseleko lweziyobisi , kunye nayiphi na imingcipheko enokunciphisa ukunyanzelisa unyango .
Ukuxhaswa kweeMvavanyo zeeField
Izifundo zovavanyo zivame ukuhlawulelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Izibonelelo ezinikezelwa yi-arhente ka rhu lumente, engekho karhulumente, kunye nongeniso nzuzo zihlala ziyimithombo yokuqala yenkxaso-mali. Ngokuxhomekeke kwintsimi yophando, inkxaso-mboleko ingavela kubavelisi bamachiza okanye amanye amashishini axhamliweyo.
Ngokubanzi, imibutho yamacandelo abucala ayimithombo engaphantsi yenkxaso-mali yembewu kwaye ithambekele ekunyatheliseni xa isilwanyana sinokubakho okukhulu kwemarike (njengawo ugonywa olutsha okanye iklasi yeziyobisi) okanye kufuphi ne-market-ready. Amachiza amaninzi namhlanje akwazi ukufumana amalungelo okuthengisa izidakamizwa ngokuthenga inkampani ngokuthe ngqo kunokuba atyala imali encinci, uphando olusisiseko.
Inkxaso-mali eninzi yokuqhuba uphando evela kumagosa karhulumente afana namaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo (NIH) okanye kwiinkxaso ezingenanto inqaku elijoliswe kwindawo ethile yophando. Imizekelo eyaziwayo iquka iSiseko seBhili kunye ne-Melinda Gates (i-HIV), iSusan G. Komen Foundation (umdlavuza webele), noMichael J.
I-Fox Foundation (isifo sikaParkinson).
Iingqapheko ezintsha kwiNkxaso-mali yoPhando
Ukufumana isibonelelo se-NIH kunokuba nzima kwaye kudla ixesha, kangangokuthi kungathatha abaphenyi abaziintloko ukuba baphume kwiphando abayithemba ukuyisebenzisa. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukuba amaqela amacandelo ophando afumane inkxaso-mali.
Amaninzi amathemba azama ukunqoba oku ngokubambisana namaziko, iikholeji, okanye izibhedlele zophando ezinezincedisi zokugcina ezo zinzame. Ukwenza oko, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukuba umntu anikezele okanye ahlanganyele ngamalungelo athile ophando.
Ngenxa yoko, abanye abasomashishini baye baqalisa ukufumana izihlwele njengendlela yokuqhubela phambili uphando lwabo ngelixa begcina uninzi, ukuba awunabo bonke, amalungelo abo. Kukho imodeli emibini esetyenziswa ngoku:
- Izihlwele zenzululwazi apho i-intanethi isetyenziswe njengentsingiselo apho abantu bangabamba iqhaza ngokuphandle ekuphandeni okuqhubekayo okanye okuqhubekayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezingenanto.
- Ukuxhamla ngemali ngemali (ukufunwa kwabantu) apho abaphandi benze isikhalazo ngqo kuluntu ngokusebenzisa iziza ezixhamlayo ezifana neKickstarter kunye ne-TechCrunch. Ngokuchasene nemodeli yenkxaso yemveli efuna i-intra-review-based, yesayensi-based, imizamo yokuxhamla iinjongo zixhomekeke ekuthineni ingcamango yoluntu. Inkxaso karhulumente yale projekthi nayo ikhulu kakhulu.
Iimzekelo zenzululwazi ezixhamliweyo ziquka ukumema amalungu karhulumente okanye isayensi yoluntu ukuba aqhube uphando, azinike iziphumo zokuvavanya i-genetic, okanye asebenze imimiselo yekhomputha ukuze ahlangane kunye nezisombululo.
Uphando lwe-Crowdfunding, ngokuchaseneyo, luhloliselwe ukuba lujolise entliziyweni yoluntu ngaphandle kokubonelela ubungqina obuninzi obufunekayo ukuze kuxhaswe amabango esayensi.
Ngo-2014, i-Oakland, eConferenced-Based Infunity Project yaphakamisa imali engama-460,570 ayi-4 yokugonywa kwe-HIV eyayithembisa ukubonelela inkululeko kuluntu ukuba isebenza. Nangona kungekho bubungqina bokubonisa ukuba injongo yabo ayikho into eyancinci, akukho nto ibakho ubungqina bokungenzeka.
> Umthombo:
> Hayden, E. Uhlobo; papashwe ngoFebruwari 10, 2014.