I-Glioblastoma, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glioblastoma multiforme, i-GBM, okanye i- astrocytoma yesigaba se- 4, yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kunye nezobudlova zeengxaki zeengqondo, ezibangela malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zazo zonke i-gliomas.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-GBM?
Ngoxa i-GBM ibonakala emva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50, inokuthi iyenze kubantu abancinci kunye nokubangelwa intloko, ukuxhwala, kunye neengxaki zeengxaki ezifana neengxaki zokuthetha okanye ukuguquka kwengqondo.
Ezinye iimpawu ze-glioblastoma ziquka ubuthathaka, ukuphazamiseka, ukuguqulwa kombono kunye nokuguquka komuntu. Ezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubukhulu besisu kunye nendawo.
Ingqubela phambili ye-GBM?
Iiseli zomhlaza ze-GBM zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza. I-tumor isasazeka ngokugqithiseleyo ngengqondo ngaphandle komda ocacileyo, okwenze kube nzima ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ususwe ngokupheleleyo. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo ukusuka kwimpawu zokuqala zokufa liphantse kunyaka, nangona le nto ihluka phakathi kwabantu. Amaphesenti angama-25 abantu angaphila iminyaka emibini okanye ngaphezulu nangonyango.
Yintoni ebangela i-GBM?
I-Glioblastoma multiform, njengezo zonke izicubu, zibangelwa ukuhlukana kweeseli ezingafanelekanga. Kule meko, iiseli ezinqabileyo eziqhelekileyo zijikeleze kwaye zikhusele iiseli zesisongela zengqondo ziphindaphinda ngaphandle kokuthintela. Oku kuphumela ekutshintsheni kwindlela amajethi asetsini abonakaliswa ngayo-umzekelo, iiseli zinokuthi zikhulise ukubonakalisa i-gene kwiindawo ezinjenge-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) okanye ukulahleka kwe-gene infressor gene ezifana ne-PTEN.
Ezinye izigulo ziquka i-MDM2 kunye ne-RB gene.
Oogqirha bayayibona njani i-GBM?
Ukuba isigulane sinempawu ekhunjulwayo, oogqirha baya kudala uvavanyo lwe-neuroimaging ezifana ne- MRI scan of the brain. Kwi-MRI, i-GBM inokubonakala ngokungavumelekanga, ngokuqhelekileyo ibe nommandla ophakathi kwezicubu ezifile okanye ukubola, kunye nommandla oqaqambileyo nge-tumor ephakamisa i-gadolinium.
Okungaqhelekanga kunokunyanzela ezinye izakhiwo zobuchopho kwaye ziphazamise isakhiwo esifanelekileyo sengqondo.
Nangona ezinye izinto zinokuba nale nkalo kwi-MRI, ugqirha ochaphazelekayo uya kuzama ukulungiselela ukuba i-neurosurgeon ithathe isiqwenga sale thambo engavamile engqondweni. Izicubu zinokuhlolwa ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, apho ziza kubonisa inani eliphezulu lalawo maseli kwindawo ebonakalayo "ipseudopalisading" iphethini, oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zibonakala zidibene. Oku kunxulumene nokufa kweselfowuni, njengoko ukubunjwa kwabo kukufuphi kwiindawo zeethambo ezifile ezibonwa kwi-GBM ngaphantsi kwe-microscope.
I-GBM ingathathwa njani?
I-GBM inomdla kwaye iphikisa unyango oluninzi. Ngokusoloko injongo yalezi zonyango iyanciphisa impawu kunye nokwandisa ubomi kunokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo eso sifo.
Utyando lwe-glioblastoma multiforme luquka izinto ezintathu:
- Ugqirha -IiDoctors zithintela i-tumor njengokuba ziyakwazi ngaphandle kokulimaza indawo ephilileyo yengqondo.
- I-Chemotherapy- iMedicines inikezelwa ukuzama ukujolisa iiseli zesisu. I-Temozolamide okanye ukudibanisa kwe-procarbazine, i-lomustine kunye ne-vincristine zizinye zonyango eziqhelekileyo.
- Uphulo lwe-radiation -Ukuhanjiswa kweengqondo kunokubulala ezinye zeeseli zomhlaza. Oku kudla ngokuquka ukulawula i-radiation kwisigxina kwinxalenye enye yengqondo, kunokuba ixilise ingqondo yonke njengento eqhelekileyo kwezinye izicubu ze-metastatic.
Emva kwazo zonke ezo zonyango, abantu abaye bafumana i-GBM balandelwa ukuba babone ukuba i-tumor ibuya. Ininzi yexesha, ngelishwa, i-GBM ibuya. Ngelo xesha, unyango olungaphezulu lunokucetyiswa kwimeko yimeko. Ngenxa yokuba i-GBM ibuhlungu kwaye kuba unyango olukhoyo lunokuthi lube nemiphumo emibi kakhulu, ulawulo lo mhlaza lubuqu kwaye luquka ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo kunye neengcali zegazi kunye ne-neurosurgeon.
Imithombo:
I-Omuro, i-LM DeAngelis: I-Glioblastoma kunye nezinye izifo ezinobungozi: ukuhlaziywa kweklinikhi. JAMA: iphephandaba le-American Medical Association . (2013) 310: 1842-1850.
H Ropper, MA Samuels. I-Adams kunye neMigaqo yeVictor ye-Neurology, 9th: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.