Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwamandla omzimba kwisifo esithintekayo sonyango ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis. Nangona iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokubandezeleka zingabangela ukuba kutyhuke, impumulo okanye impumlo ephihliweyo, okanye i-rash, i-anaphylaxis ibangela ukungalunganga komzimba wonke.
Imbali
I-Anaphylaxis yaqatshelwa ekuqaleni ekuqaleni kwe-1900 ngelixa iqhuba uphando lokugoma iinja kwi-anemone venom.
Esikhundleni sokuhlakulela umkhuhlane we-anemone venomone, izinja zazibuhlungu kakhulu xa zihamba.
Nangona ukugonywa kwakufuneka ukuba kube yinkqubo yokunceda izinja, kwaye kwabonakala umphumo ochaseneyo, ngoko babiza impendulo echasene neprophylaxis, anaphylaxis.
Iintlobo
Impendulo yeAnaphylaxis ilandele iipateni ezintathu. Ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokulandela i-anaphylaxis inokukunceda ukuba uqonde (kwaye uncede abaqeqeshi bezobugqirha baqonde) indlela engcono ngayo yokunyanga iimeko zakho eziphuthumayo.
Impendulo ye-Uniphasic (1 isigaba) yindlela eqhelekileyo yokufumana i-anaphylaxis ukuba ilandele. Malunga nama-70 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini amatyala alandela le pateni. Ukusabela okungahambanga kwe-Uniphasic kukugqithisileyo kunomzuzu ongama-30 ukuya kwangama-60 kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo uza kulungiswa ngelixa elizayo.
Impendulo yeBiphasic (2 isigaba) iphindwe kabili ngaphezu komntwana kunabantu abadala kunye ne-akhawunti engaphantsi kwezi-23 kwiimeko ezili-100 ze-anaphylaxis. Iimpendulo zeBiphasic zibonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweempawu ze-anaphylactic emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokusombulula iimpawu.
Impendulo enqamlezileyo yindlela enzima kakhulu kunye neprotected rarest ye-anaphylaxis. Impendulo ephucukileyo iqhubekayo kwaye inokuhlala kwiintsuku eziliqela ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
System Immune System
Ukukunceda ukuba uqonde oko kubangelwa i-anaphylaxis , kunceda ukuqonda ukuba isistim somzimba sakho sinoxanduva lokukhusela umzimba wakho kwizinto ezinobungozi ezifana neentsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya.
Ngenye yeendlela ezinzima kakhulu zomzimba wakho owenziwe ngamalungu omzimba (i-bone marrow kunye ne-thymus), iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli kunye neeprotheni.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokuzikhusela: i-innate (izikhuselo ozalelwe nazo) kunye neziguquko (ezifunyenweyo okanye ezifunyenweyo).
I-Innate System Immune System
I-immune system yakho yokuzikhusela yintsholongwane yemvelo yokuba uzalwe kunye neleyo inceda ekuthintele ukuba ufumane isifo okanye ufumaneke kwiinkampani ezinobungozi. Ulusu lwakho luyisithintelo sokuqala somzimba wakho.
Iiprotheni ezikhoyo ematheni okanye ezinye izifo zomzimba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisistim somzimba wakho wokuzivikela. I-saliva yakho iqukethe iprotheni ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuthi i lysozyme evumela ukuba iindonga zebhaktheriya zibe lula. Amasosha omzimba akhethekileyo okuthiwa ama-phagocytes (kuquka i-neutrophils, i-monocytes, okanye i-macrophage) nayo ibalulekile kwaye isebenza ngama-bacteria ezijikelezayo kunye nezinye izinto ezinokulimaza.
System Immune System
Isistim somzimba sakho sokuzivikela siyinxalenye yendlela yakho yokuzivikela efunda kuyo yonke inkambo yobomi bakho.
Xa uzalwayo, unama-T ne-B aneeseli ezifumanayo. Njengoko umzimba wakho ubonakala kwii-antigens ezahlukeneyo (i-toxins), ii-T kunye neeseli zakho ze-B ziyazibandakanya ngokwabo ngokumalunga nokulwa ne-antigen.
Kungenxa yoko, xa sele uye wazibonakalisa kwizifo ezithile, izifo ezilandelayo ziba mfutshane ngexesha elide, okanye ungazi ukuba uyazibonakalisa.
Ngokungafani nokuzikhusela kwangasese, i-immune system ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kubantwana bakho.
Izizathu
Xa umzimba wakho ubonakala kuqala kwi-allergen, umzimba wakho unokuhlakulela amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba acacile kwi-allergen. Ukuba umzimba wakho uhlakulela amangqamuzana omzimba kwi-allergen, ngoko uya kuba neempawu zokudityaniswa kwezilwanyana kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okulandelayo.
Akwaqondwa kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu behlakulela kwaye abanye bengabikho. Ukuba uhlakulela ukungabikho komzimba, umzimba wakho uza kuhlakulela izifo eziza kuthiwa yi-immunoglobulin E (IgE), eya kuphendula rhoqo xa umzimba wakho ubonakala kwi-allergen.
I-Immunoglobulin E iyayiphendula ngokusasaza ngokusebenzisa i- basophil kunye neeseli ezincinci , eziyingxenye yamaseli egazi omzimba wakho.
I-Basophil kunye neeseli zesitrasi zikhulula abalamlamli abangela ukuba utshintsho phakathi komzimba oluhambelana ngqo neempawu ezihambelanayo neempendulo. Abalamli ababandakanyekayo kwi-anaphylaxis baquka:
- i-histamine : ibangela ukutshaya, ukuxubha, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, intloko yesifo, impumlo ye-runny kunye ne-bronchospasm
- zama-toptase: amazinga aphakamileyo abaneimeko ezinzima ze-anaphylaxis, ngaphandle kokutya kokutya
- I-faction-activating factor: amazinga aphezulu aneimeko ezinzima ze-anaphylaxis
- i-nitric oxide: ibangela uxinzelelo olunxulumene nokuxutywa kwemithambo yegazi
- i-arachadonic acid metabolites: ibangela i-bronchospasm, i-hypotension kunye ne-erythema
Akukho konke ukunyamezela kuya kubangela i-anaphylaxis . Ukuba ufumana ubunzima beempawu ngokugqithisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokutya, amayeza, okanye inambuzane, kufuneka ube nexhala malunga nokuhlakulela i-anaphylaxis kwaye kufuneka ugweme i-allergen.
Enye indlela eyenza i-anaphylaxis ibandakanye impendulo engahambelani ne-IgE equka ama-immune system T-cells. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezingabangela i-non-IgE anaphylaxis iquka:
- aspirin
- IiNSAID: ezifana ne-Ibuprofen, Aleve, okanye i-Celebrex
- Ukwahlukana kwezithombe ze-radiographic (x-ray, CT scans, MRI, okanye ultrasound)
- I-IV immunoglobulin
- Heparin
- ukuthintela kwiimbumba ze-dialysis
Ukusetyenziswa kwamaseli e-T kubangela uhlobo olufanayo lokusebenza kwee-basophil kunye neeseli ezigciniweyo ezichazwe ngasentla.
Iimpawu
I-Anaphylaxis inokuchaphazela iinxalenye ezininzi zomzimba kunye neenkqubo, eziquka:
- isikhumba: ukuxubha , ukuvutha okanye ukuvuvukala
- Ukuphefumula: ukukhwehlela, ukuvutha, okanye ukuphefumula
- Intliziyo: ukubetha kwentliziyo engavumelekanga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi okanye intlungu yesifuba
- isisu: isicasuliso, ukuhlanza okanye ukutyunjwa
- impilo yengqondo: intloko, ukudideka, okanye utywala
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zivuthayo (ikakhulukazi ebusweni okanye i- angioedema ), iingxaki zokuphefumla, kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi.
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis , ukunakekelwa ngongxamiseko, kubandakanywa nepapinephrine shot, kuyadingeka ngokukhawuleza. Ukwazi ukuba yintoni eyabangela ukusabela kunokunceda ukukhusela kwikamva, phakathi kwezinye iindlela .
ILizwi
Ukufumana i-anaphylaxis iyatshisa kakhulu. Ukufunda oko kubangela i-anaphylaxis, kunye neyeza kunye neendlela zokuthintela iziqhekeza , iya kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokujongana neempembelelo zakho ezinzima. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ngaba unobungozi obunzima bokusingatha, kufuneka uhlale ufuna uncedo oluphuthumayo.
> Imithombo:
> Loverde, D, Iweala, O, uEginli, A & Krishnaswamy, G. (2018). Anaphylaxis. UKUPHILA, 153 (2): 528-543. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.chest.2017.07.033
> Ukujonga ngokubanzi isistim e-immune system. KwiWebhu yeToDate. 2017.
> I-Pathophysiology ye-anaphylaxis. KwiWebhu yeToDate. 2018.