Ukusuleleka kwe-fungal kungaqhubela phambili kwi-AIDS-defining disease
I-Candidiasis yintsholongwane yefungal ebangelwa yimida ye Candida , uhlobo lwesinambu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-thrush, ukusuleleka kubonakaliswe ngophawu olumhlophe, olumhlophe ngolwimi, kunye nezinye iindawo zomlomo nomqala. Umqala wesifo kunye nobunzima bokugwinya kungaphumelela.
Xa i-candidiasis ibonisa ubulili, ngokubhekisele kuthiwa isifo sovulo kwaye ibonakaliswe ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ashiyiweyo, ukusuka kwisini.
Ukutshiswa komgudu, ukugubha kunye nokukhathazeka kudla ngokugqithisileyo ngexesha lokuqhuma.
Nangona kungabonakali ngokuqhelekileyo, izifo ezithandwayo ze-Candida nazo zinokuthi zenzeke esikhumbeni, phantsi kweeminwe zomnwe, kwi-rectum, i-anus okanye i-penis, okanye ngaphakathi kwendawo yesigxina okanye i- pharynx .
I-Candida plaque inokukhutshwa ngaphandle kweelwimi, izindonga zomlomo, okanye iindonga zesini, ukutyhila isiqhwala esibomvu, esibomvu, esicatshulwa phantsi. I-plaque ayinasiphelo.
I-Candidiasis ayikho imeko engavamile kwaye ibonisa ngokubanzi xa impendulo yomzimba iphantsi. Imvubelo ye Candida ngokwayo ikhona kwizinto ezininzi zabantu, ngaphakathi kwintyatyambo yemvelo yomlomo kunye nomgudu wokutya, kunye nesikhumba. Kuphela kuphela xa utshintsho kulezi zixhobo zenzeka ukuba i- Candida ikwazi ukukhula kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe ngokutheleleka kwangaphandle.
Nangona kunjalo, xa isistim somzimba siphelelwe ngamandla, njengokuba kunokwenzeka nge- HIV engaphelelwanga, i- Candida ingaba yintsholongwane kwaye isasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, kubangela ukugula kakhulu kunye nokufa.
Candidiasis kwi-HIV Infection
Ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane echaphazelekayo ye-HIV igxotha impendulo yomzimba yomntu, i-candidiasis ibonakala ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abaphila ne-HIV. Nangona ikwazi ukubonakalisa ngokungafaniyo nakwezo zonyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) , zidla ngokugqithisekileyo kubantu abaxhomekeke kwiimeko zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo bakhonza njengesibonakaliso sokulumkisa ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezinxulumene neHIV .
Xa ukusuleleka kwe-HIV kushiywe kungaphendulwa kwaye inani le- CD4 lomntu lidibanisa ngaphantsi kweeseli ezingama-200 / mL (esinye sezigaba ezisemthethweni zikaGawulayo ), umngcipheko we-candidiasis ongenayo uyanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, i-candidiasis yesifo, i-bronchi, i-trachea okanye imiphunga (kodwa kungeyena umlomo) namhlanje ihlukaniswe imeko echaza ingculaza .
Umngcipheko we-candidiasis awuxhomekeke kuphela kwisimo somzimba somzimba kodwa kumgangatho wezenzo zentsholongwane njengoko kulinganiswa nomthwalo wentsholongwane kaGawulayo . Ngoko ke, nangomntu kunye nosuleleko oluphezulu lwe-HIV, ukuphunyezwa kwe-ART kunokubonelela ngeendlela zokukhusela izifo-kwaye kungekhona nje kuphela izifo ezibangelwa yi- Candida kodwa ezinye izifo ezichaphazelekayo, ngokunjalo.
Iintlobo zeCandidiasis
I-Candidiasis ingabonisa nayiphi na indlela yeendlela: kwiimfucu ze-mucosal, kwesikhumba, okanye ngokungahambiyo kuwo wonke umzimba. Zihlala zihlelwe njengolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Mucosal candidiasis
- I-candidiasis yomlomo (i-thrush yomlomo, i-oropharyngeal candidiasis)
- I-Candidal vulvovaginitis (isondo sesisu sesisu)
- I-Esophageal candidiasis (candidiasis yesifo)
- I-Candidal balanitis (i-candidiasis ye-penis, eyenzeka phantse kuphela kubantu abangalukanga)
I-cutaneous (isikhumba) candidiasis
Candidiasis engummangaliso
- I-candidiasis yenkqubo, ebandakanya iqumrhu elilodwa
- Ukusasazwa i-candidiasis, ebandakanya amalungu amaninzi
Ukuxilongwa kwe- Candida isifo senziwa ngokuhlolwa kwezinto ezincinci kunye / okanye ukukhutshwa kwamagqabi omvubelo.
Unyango kunye noKhuselo lweCandidiasis
Isinyathelo esibalulekileyo kunazo zonke ekunyangeni okanye ekuthintela i-candidiasis kubantu abaphila ne-HIV kukubuyisela umzimba womntu ngokuqalisa ii-ART . Ukunyangwa kwintsholongwane ye- Candida yodwa ayinanto yokuthintela ukuphindaphindwa xa iimpendulo zokhuseleko lomzimba zingabuyiselwa ngokwaneleyo.
I-infection ye Candida ngokwayo ixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo ngezilwanyana ezinomzimba ezifana ne-fluconazole, i-clotrimazole, i-topical nystatin kunye ne-ketoconazole.
I-candidiasis yomlomo isoloko iphendula kakuhle kwiinkqubo zonyango, nangona izidakamizwa zomlomo zingaphakanyiswa. I-candididal esophagitis inokuphathwa ngonyango okanye nge-intravenously, ngokuxhomekeke kwisibandezelo, rhoqo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-amphotericin B kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.
Iklasi elitsha le-antifungal elibizwa ngokuthi i-echinocandines iphinda iqeshwe kunyango lwe-candidiasis ephezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-echinocandins inikezela inetyhefu esezantsi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza ambalwa, nangona zidla ngokubhekiselele kwizigulane ukungathobeli kwezinye iziyobisi. Zonke iintlobo ezintathu (i-anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin) zilawulwa ngaphakathi.
I-candidiasis echanekileyo kwaye isatshalaliswayo ethinta amathambo, inkqubo ye-nervous system, amehlo, izintso, isibindi, imisipha, okanye ipeni ziphathwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ngokulawulwa ngomlomo kunye / okanye ngokunyanzeliswa kwezidakamizwa. I-Amphoterin B yenye into enokwenzeka.
Umthombo:
> IiNational Institutes of Health (NIH). "Izikhokelo Zokuthintela Nokunyangwa Kwezonyango Ezichaphazelekayo Kwi-HIV-Abathintekayo Abathintekayo ne-Adolescents." AIDSInfo; EBethesda, eMaryn; fi kelele ngoJuni 21, 2015.
> NIH. "I -Candidiasis ene-HIV ." AIDSInfo; papashwa ngo-Apreli 1, 1995; hlaziywa ngoMeyi 24, 2016.