Ulwazi malunga neSyphilis, iGonorrhea, uClamydia & Trichomoniasis
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) ziphakathi kwezona zizathu eziqhelekileyo zokugula kwihlabathi. Kwezinye iindawo, esinye isifo esisasazeka ngesondo, i- syphilis yintlupheko. Enyanisweni, izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, kuquka i-syphilis zandisa ingozi ye-HIV. Kwimeko ye-syphilis, izilonda ezivulekileyo ezibangelwa zizifo ezithathelwana ngesondo zenza i-portal efanelekileyo yokuba i-HIV ingene emzimbeni.
Syphilis
I-Syphilis yachazwa kuqala ngekhulu le-16. Kwamazwe ashishino, i-syphilis yenqatshile ngexesha lesibini ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba. Nangona kunjalo, kula mazwe afanayo, kukho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweziganeko zezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Kodwa kwakhona, emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iziganeko zanyuka ngokukhawuleza, zihambelana nokufumaneka kovavanyo oluphuculiweyo kunye neyeza-antibiotic. Kwamanye amazwe asezikhungweni ze-syphilis zaqala ukuvuka kwakhona kuma-1960 kwaye zanda ngokukhawuleza ukususela ngoku.
Ukulawula iSyphilis
I-Syphilis ngumzekelo weklasi wesifo esithathelwana ngesondo esingalawulwa ngempumelelo yimilinganiselo yempilo kawonkewonke:
- Uvavanyo olulula, olunefuthe lokuxilonga luyafumaneka kwaye luvumela ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili.
- Iipilisi ze-antibiotics eziphambili ziyafumaneka ukuphatha unyango olusisigxina.
- Ukuba i-syphilis ishiywe ingakhange ithatyathwe ingabangela umonakalo wesondlo, umonakalo odongeni lwesigxina, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ekugqibeleni ukufa.
- Ukuchasa kwii-antibiotics akuzange kuphuhliswe, oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kusebenza kubantu abaninzi.
Abantu Banikezela I-Syphilis?
I-Syphilis ibangelwa ibhaktheriya; ngokukodwa, i-motile (iyakwazi ukuhambisa) i-spirochete (ibhaktheriya ene-corkscrew-shape) ebizwa ngokuba nguTexponema pallidum . I-spirochete idluliselwa kumntu ukuya kumntu ngesondo; ngexesha lomlomo, isondo kunye nesondo lomfazi.
I-Syphilis ibangela izilonda ezivulekileyo ngokuyinhloko kwi-penis, anus, kunye nesini. Ukudibanisa kunye nezilonda ngexesha lomlomo, isondo, okanye isondo esilumkileyo uvumela ukutshintshwa kwe-spirochete ngesondo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kwelinye.
Ukongeza kwindlela yokudluliselwa ngesondo, i-syphilis ingadluliselwa kumfazi okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana ongakazalwa. I-spirochete eyenza i-syphilis inokuwela umnxibelelwano phakathi komntwana kunye nomama (i-placenta) echaphazela umntwana. Usuleleko lwe-Syphilis lwe-fetus engakazalwa lungabangela ukukhupha isisu, ukubeletha, okanye ukufa komntwana ekuzalweni kwesisu. Ngezo zintsana ezenza ukuba kubekwe kwaye ziphile, iziphene zokuzalwa ziqhelekile.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeSyphilis?
I-Syphilis ibizwa ngokuba "ngumlingisi" kwaye iimpawu zayo zidibanisekile kunye nezinye iimpawu nezifo. Abantu abane-syphilis bangahamba iminyaka engenazo iimpawu. Enyanisweni, kwiinqanaba zokuqala zesi sifo, ukuba zikhona izilonda zesifo se-syphilis, zingabonakali. Ezi zimbini iimpawu zentsholongwane zithetha ukuba ukusuleleka kwezifo ezininzi zenzeka phakathi kwabantu abangakwaziyo ukusuleleka kwe-syphilis.
Iintetho eziMithathu zeSyphilis Infection
IsiGaba sePrayimari: Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeli nqanaba, isifo esisodwa siphumelela kwizitho zangasese, isini, okanye i-anus.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-90 emva kokusuleleka. Isibonda esingenasiphelo esiqhelekileyo sibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo kwimeko apho i-syphilis yangena emzimbeni. Esi sibetho siya kuhlala kwiiveki ezi-3-6 kwaye siphulule ngaphandle kokonyango. Nangona kunjalo, unyango luphakanyisiwe ngenxa yokuba, ngaphandle kwalo, i-syphilis ingangena kwisigaba sesibini.
Isigaba seSondari: Ngaphandle okanye ngaphandle kwonyango, iimpawu zesibini zonyango ziya kuphulukisa. Kodwa njengokuba kunjalo kwinqanaba eliphambili, ukuba akukho nonyango elinikezelwayo isifo sinokunyuka kwinqanaba elide. Isigaba sesibini se-syphilis sibonakaliswe ngu:
- Izilonda zesisu
- Ukuqhaqhazela obomvu kwiintendelezo zezandla kunye neengcambu zeenyawo ezingabonakaliyo
- Fever
- I-lymph nodes
- Umqala obuhkungu
- Ukulahleka kweenwele
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Iintsimbi zomzimba
- Ukukhathala
Isigaba esilandelayo: Esi sigaba saziwa nangokuthi "isigaba esifihliweyo," ukuqala xa iimpawu zesigaba sesibini zizinzile. Kule nqanaba ukuba i-syphilis engaphendulwanga ingabangela umonakalo kwizitho zangaphakathi, inkqubo ye-nervous central, kunye namathambo namalungu. Kwezinye iimeko, ukufa kungenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, unyango lwe-syphilis lubalulekile kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba lokusuleleka umntu.
I-Syphilis isenziwa njani?
Kwizigaba zalo zokuqala, i-syphilis iphathwa ngokulula nge-injection eyodwa ye-penicillin okanye i-antibiotics efanayo xa i-penicillin isifo esiphezulu. Njengoko izigaba ze penicillin nkqubela phambili, unyango luhlala ixesha elide kwaye luyingozi kakhulu (umz. I-intravenous versus injection injection).
Ukuba ne-syphilis kanye kunye nokuphathwa ngempumelelo akukhuseli umntu kwiintsholongwane ezizayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukukhuselwa ngokwesondo okukhuselekileyo kufuneka kuqhubeke kwaye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo luyimfuneko.
Esinye sezifo ezine ezixhaphakileyo ngesondo sisifo se-gonorrhea. Kodwa njengabanye, ukukhuselwa okuncinci kunokukhusela i-gonorrhea ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye njengamanye ama-STD, ubukho be-STD kuquka i-gonorrhea inokunyusa umngcipheko wokusuleleka ngu-HIV.
Gonorrhea
I-Gonorrhea isifo esiqhelekileyo sabantu abadala, nangona inxalenye enkulu yabasetyholongwane (ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini kunye neepesenti ezili-10 phakathi kwamadoda) ayimfuneko, nto ithetha ukuba ayinayo impawu.
Ngenxa yoko awaziyo imfuno yonyango okanye ingozi yokudlulisela eso sifo kwabanye. Yiyo yokungabikho kolwazi olufaka isandla kumanani e-gonorrhea unyaka ngamnye.
Ukunyangwa kweGonorrhea kwenzeka njani
I-Gonorrhea yi-STD ebangelwa yi-bhakteria ebizwa nge- Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Le bhaktheriya inqwenela ukukhula kwimimandla efudumeleyo ebomvu kubandakanya isondo, i-anus, i-urinary tract, umlomo, umphimbo kunye namehlo. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na into engaxhaswanga ngokwesondo kunye nale mimandla inokubangela ukusuleleka. Usulelo luya kwenzeka ngexesha lomntwana ongenalondolozo, isondo okanye isondo ngomlomo. Ukunyuswa kwesibongo akudingeki ukuba usuleleke. Kwakhona, i-gonorrhea inokusasazeka kumama osuleleke kumntwana ngexesha lokunikezelwa.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeGonorrhea?
Amaninzi amaninzi ayinayo impawu . Ukuba banayo impawu bavame ukuvela kwiveki yokusuleleka kwaye ba ndakanya:
- Ukuvutha ngokucoca
- Ukukhupha okumhlophe, okuluhlaza, okanye okwesibhakabhaka ukusuka kwipeni
- Amagqabi amathumbu okanye abuhlungu
Abasetyhini banemiqondiso emincinci kuphela okanye abanakho iimpawu. Ngenxa yoko, ukufumanisa intsholongwane kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwiinkcubeko zesini. Ukuba abafazi baneempawu ziquka:
- Ubuhlungu okanye ukutshisa ngokucoca
- Ukukhutshwa kwamagciwane
- Ukuphuma kwamagciwane phakathi kwamaxesha
Bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini banokufumana usulelo lwegonorrhea. Iimpawu ziquka:
- Ukukhutshwa okuqhelekileyo
- Ukutshabalala okanye intlungu
- Ukuphuma kwegazi
- Ubunzima bokuhamba
Intsholongwane ye-gonorrhea emqaleni, ayibangele idale iimpawu kodwa ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo isifo somqala.
I-Gonorrhea ithathwa njani?
Kukho amayeza amaninzi aphumelele ekuphatheni i-gonorrhea . Nangona kunjalo, iintsholongwane ze-gonorrhea ezingakwazi ukumelana neziza-antibiotics ziba zixhaphake kwaye zenze kube nzima nakakhulu ukunyanga i-STD. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu onegonorrhea unokusuleleka ngenye i-STD eyaziwayo njenge-chlamydia. Ukuba umntu unesifo sobabini, bobabili kufuneka baphathwe ngoko ke loo mntu uya kuthatha iicrabioti ukuze aphathe zombini.
Ukuba i-gonorrhea ayiphathwa ngokupheleleyo ingabangela ezinye izifo ezinzulu nezigxina. Ezinye izifo ziquka:
- Usulelo lwe-uterus, i-ovaries, okanye i-fallopian tubes (isifo sokuphefumula kweplavic) kubasetyhini
- Ukwandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic
- Izifo zengqina (epididymitis)
- Igazi kunye nezifo ezihlangeneyo
Ukuthintela iGonorrhea
Njengawo nawaphi na i-STD, ukusebenzisa iikhondom ze-latex kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka ngu-gonorrhea. Nangona umntu ephathwa ngegonorrhea, kufuneka aphephe ukunxibelelana ngesondo.
Xa umntu efunyaniswa ukuba ne-gonorrhea, kufuneka axelele amaqabane abo esondo, abafanele bavavanywe baphathwe ne-gonorrhea.
I-Chlamydia yiyona nto igxininiswa rhoqo kwi-STD ehlabathini. Oku nangona kunjalo ukuba usulelo luphantsi kancinci. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-chlamydia zinyameko okanye zingekho, abantu abane-chlamydia bahlala bengakwazi ukusuleleka.
Chlamydia
Usuleleko lwe-chlamydial , njenge-gonorrhea, isifo esiqhelekileyo esingumntu oqhelekileyo (ongenayo impawu) kumazinga afana nabasetyhini afana nalawo okwenzela i-gonorrhea, kodwa amazinga aphezulu okusuleleka kwintsholongwane kune-gonorrhea kubantu.
Kubangelwa yi-bhakteria ebizwa ngeClamydia trachomatis . Njenga-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia inokubangela izinto ezifana ne-pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Ukuxilongwa kwe-chlamydial intsholongwane iyafumaneka kwihlabathi lasentshona. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwe-chlamydia lubiza kwaye alufumaneki kumazwe asakhulayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba emhlabeni wonke, ukusulelwa kwe-chlamydia amaninzi ayifumananga kwaye ayaphathwa.
I-Chlamydia Infection Occur njani
Njengoko isigama sesifo esithathelwana ngesondo sichaza, i-chlamydia isasazeka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngexesha lomntu ongenalondolozo, isondo, okanye isondo ngomlomo. Ukongezelela, i-chlamydia ingadluliselwa kumama ukuya kwintsana yakhe ekuzalweni kokubeleka. Nangona naluphi na umntu osebenza ngokwesondo osemngciphekweni wokusuleleka, abanye abantu banomngcipheko omkhulu kunabanye.
- Amantombazana asemantwaneni ayenomngcipheko ophezulu kuba umlomo wesibeleko awukhuliswanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo zomlomo wesibeleko ovuthiweyo azikho, nto leyo ithetha ukuba intombazana enomntwana inomngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka.
- Ngenxa yokuba i-chlamydia inokusasazeka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kunye nesondo kunye nomntu wesini, abantu abalala ngesondo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokusuleleka.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeClamydia?
Phantse ama-75 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini kunye namaphesenti ama-50 amadoda anesifo se-chlamydia ayinayo impawu. Kodwa kwezinye, iimpawu ziyavela malunga neyiveki ezintathu emva kokusuleleka.
Kubasetyhini, le mpawu iquka:
- Ukukhutshwa kwamagciwane
- Ukuvutha okanye intlungu ngexesha lokuchama
- Ubomi kunye / okanye intlungu ephantsi
- I sizathu
- Fever
- Ubuhlungu ngokulala
- Ukuphuma kwamagciwane phakathi kwamaxesha
Iimpawu kumadoda ziquka:
- Ukuvutha okanye intlungu ngexesha lokuchama
- Ukukhutshwa kwePenile
- Ukutshisa nokutshiza ngapha kwevula ekupheleni kwepenisi
- Ukuba ishiywe ingalawulwa, i-chlamydia ingabangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwinkqubo yokuzala. Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo obangelwa yi-chlamydia engakhange aphendulwe angabonakali ngenxa yokuba kaninzi akukho zibonakaliso. Ngenxa yoko, unyango lwe-chlamydia lunconywa okanye ngaphandle kwempawu.
I-Chlamydia ithathwa njani?
Ngethamsanqa, unyango lwe-chlamydia lulula kwaye lusebenza. Unyango lunokuthi luqulethe umthamo owodwa we-antibiotics okanye i-weekly antibiotic ye-antibiotic kabini imihla ngemihla. Ngexesha lokonyango, umsebenzi wesondo awufaneleki. Abalingane bomntu ophethe i-chlamydia kufuneka bahlolwe i-chlamydia kwaye baphathwe xa bekhulelwe.
Abasetyhini kunye namantombazana asetsheni kufuneka ahlolwe kwakhona emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa unyango. Ngenxa yomngcipheko wokutshintshwa kwakhona kwintsebenziswano engatshatanga kwaye i-chlamydia enzima inokuyenza kwinkqubo yokuzala kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-chlamydia iphatywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukusuleleka kosuleleko akuzange kwenzeke.
Trichomoniasis
Izifo eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-sex trichomoniasis zichaphazela amadoda namabhinqa kodwa iimpawu ziqhelekileyo kubasetyhini. Esi sifo sibangelwa i-cell-one-cell parasite ebizwa ngokuthi i- Trichomonas vaginalis. I-Trichomoniasis ibangela iimpawu malunga nama-50 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abanegciwane. Kwindoda, ukusuleleka kudla ngokuqhelekileyo (i-urinary tract) kwaye ihlala ixesha elifutshane nje.
Nangona kunjalo, amadoda alulalisa i-parasite kubafazi ngexesha elifutshane xa sele benesifo.
I-Trichomoniasis Infection Occur?
I-Trichomoniasis isasazeka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngendlela yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo engavikelekanga. Ibhinqa yindawo eqhelekileyo yokusuleleka kwabasetyhini kunye ne-urethra (i-urinary tract) yinto eqhelekileyo kumadoda. Abasetyhini banokusuleleka ngamadoda okanye abafazi ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo ngokwesondo. Amadoda okanye amaninzi abasulelekileyo ngabafazi.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeTrichomoniasis?
Ukuba kukho impawu , zivame ukuvela kwiiveki ezi-4 zokuchasana. Iimpawu kubasetyhini ziquka:
- Ukuvutha komzimba
- Ukungcola, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Ubuhlungu ngeentlobano zesini kunye / okanye ukucima
- Ukucasuka kwamagciwane kunye nokubetha
- Iintlungu zesisu (aqhelekanga kodwa zenzeka ngamanye amaxesha)
- Oomama abakhulelweyo abane-trichomoniasis banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nosana oluzalwa olunomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwama-5 iipounds ("isisindo sokuzala esiphantsi") kunye / okanye uzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Amadoda amaninzi aneempawu ezimbalwa okanye azikho nhlobo. Ukuba ngaba banezibonakaliso zisoloko zinyameko kwaye azihlali ixesha elide. Ziquka:
- Ivakalelo lokucasula "ngaphakathi" kwipeni
- Ukukhutshwa kwePenile
- Ukutshisa emva kokucoca kunye / okanye ukunyuka kwe-ejaculation ("cumming")
- Ukuvutha komzimba kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokusuleleka kuGawulayo kwabasetyhini. Kwakhona, ukusuleleka kwe-trichomoniasis kwabasetyhini abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwandisa umngcipheko wokudlulisa i-HIV kwintsebenziswano yesini.
I-Trichomoniasis ithathwa njani?
Abasetyhini baphathwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nomlinganiselo omnye we-antibiotic ebizwa ngokuthi i-Flagyl (metronidazole). Kubantu, ukusulelwa kwabo kuza kuhamba ngaphandle kokonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba abantu bahlala bengakwazi ukusuleleka kwabo, banokuphinda baphinde baphathe amaqabane abo abafazi ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngoko ke, unyango lwamaqabane omabini lunconywa xa elinye iqabane lifunyenwe. Ngale ndlela, i-parasite inokunyangwa kumaqabane omabini kunye nomjikelezo wokusuleleka usulelo unako ukumiswa.
I-Trichomoniasis ingabanjwa njani?
- Ukusebenzisa iikhondomu ze- latex ngamnye nomntu oqhagamshelana naye ngokwesondo.
- Umsebenzi wesondo kufuneka ucime, kufuneka ukuxilongwa, kwaye unyango lomntu kunye nabo bonke abalingani bezesondo kufuneka banikwe ukuba kukho naziphi iimpawu zentsholongwane.
- Umsebenzi wesondo kufuneka ugqityiwe ude unyango lugqityiwe kwaye zonke iimpawu ziye zazisombulula.
> Umthombo
> Amaziko okuLawula izifo, "I-Chlamydia - CDC Fact Sheet"; Ukuhlaziywa kweOktobha 2016
> Amaziko okuLawula izifo, "iGonorrhea - i-CDC Fact Sheet"; Ukuhlaziywa kweOktobha 2016
> Amaziko okuLawula izifo, "I-Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet"; Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 2017
> Amaziko okuLawula izifo, "Trichomoniasis - CDC Fact Sheet"; Ukuhlaziywa kukaJulayi 2017