I-Syphilis ingenye yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), ezibizwa ngokuba zizifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (STDs). Yibangelwa ibhaktiriya iTepponema pallidum kwaye iyakwazi ukubonakala ngokubonakala kweso sifo sesilonda esivulekile, esaziwa njenge-chancre, kwizitho zangasese, emlonyeni, kwi-anus, okanye kwi-rectum. I-antibiotics inokuphatha i-syphilis, kodwa ikhosi iya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokusuleleka (inqanaba leprayimari, elisekondari, latent, kunye nelephakamileyo).
Isigaba ngasinye sinempawu kunye neempawu zayo ezibonakalayo.
Nangona isantya sosulelo lwe-syphilis sehla ngokuphawulekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-penicillin ye-intramuscular kuma-1940, ezininzi zezo mphuzo ziye zachithwa kwiminyaka yamuva. Namhlanje, lesi sifo sichaphazela abangaphezu kwama-27,000 aseMerika ngonyaka kunye nabangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 emhlabeni jikelele.
Nangona ingcamango yokulwa ne-syphilis inokubandezeleka, usulelo luhlala luphathwa ngokulula xa lubonwa kwaye lufunyenwe, kwaye lukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza ngokusetyenziswa kweikhondom kunye nokunciphisa inani labalingani bobulili.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-syphilis zibonakaliswe kwisigaba sentsholongwane. Ngelixa ezinye iimpawu zingenakwenzeka, abanye bahluke kakhulu kwaye banokungazi kakuhle.
- I- syphilis yaseprayimari iya kubonakala ichancre , ngokuqhelekileyo zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama-21 zokungcola. Ngenxa yokuba ii-chancres zihlala zingenabuhlungu kwaye zingaphakathi, ziyakwazi ukuphosakela lula ngabo bobabini izigulane kunye noogqirha. Ngaphandle kwonyango, i-chancre iya kuphilisa naphi na kwiiveki ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu.
- I-syphilis yesiSekondari ivela kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwi-10 yesifo sobungozi bokuqala. Esinye sezibonakaliso zezibonakaliso ukugqithwa okusabalalisa kwi-trunk, izitho, kunye (kakhulu kunokwakhothayo) iintendelezo kunye neengcambu zeenyawo . Izimpawu ezinjenge-Flu zihamba kunye nokukhawuleza. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, amatyala angabonakalisa ngeendlela ezingavamile. Iimpawu zivame ukulungisa ngaphandle kokonyango kwiiveki ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu.
- I-syphilis yamaLatethi ibonakaliswe ukungabikho kweempawu, ukuhlala kude naphakathi kweminyaka ukuya kwiminyaka, kwaye kusekelwe kwiimvavanyo zegazi. Ngeenjongo zokuxilonga, isigaba sichazwa ngokubhekisele ukuba sasiqala ukuvavanya (ngaphantsi konyaka ukususela kwi-test yokugqibela yegazi) okanye emva kwexesha elidlulileyo (ngaphezulu konyaka ukusuka ekuhlolweni kwegazi lokugqibela).
- I-syphilis ephakamileyo yona nqanaba elibi kakhulu losulelo. Kubonakala zizifo ezinzulu zesikhumba, amathambo, intliziyo, isibindi kunye nezinye izitho. I-Neurosyphilis , ngokungathandabuzekiyo inkxalabo enzima kakhulu, iyathinta ingqondo kwaye, ngokude, kunzima kakhulu ukuyiphatha.
I-syphilis yokuzalwa yimeko enzulu yonyango apho umama onesifo esithintelayo unqanda umntwana wakhe ongakazalwa. Ukongeza kwimiphunga, isibindi, i-spleen, kunye neengxaki zengqondo, isifo se-syphilis sokuzalwa singakhokelela ekuziphatheni okwenyama nangobuso, ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Izizathu
I-Treponema pallidum ibhaktheriya enomoya ovuthayo kuphela ebangela izifo kubantu. Uhlobo lwayo lwentsimbi elukhuni luvumela ukuba luqhube kwiimbrane okanye zifake ikhefu elincinci kwesikhumba.
I-Syphilis idluliselwa phantse ngokuzodwa ngomlomo , ngesondo, okanye ngesini , okanye kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngaphantsi kokuqhelekileyo, i-syphilis inokudlula ngokumanga xa ulusu luphukile ludibanisa nesifo esivulekile.
I-Syphilis ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kwizihlalo zangasese, udibaniso oluqhelekileyo, okanye izitya ezabelwana ngazo okanye izinto zokunyamekela.
Kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womntu wesifo:
- Ulwabelana ngesondo olungakhuselekanga
- Amaqela amaninzi ezesondo
- Usulelo lweHIV
Ukuba ngumntu olala ngesini kunye nabesilisa (MSM), inani labantu elimelela uninzi lwezifo zentsholongwane
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuhlolwa kweSyphili yinkqubo yee-2 apho iimvavanyo ezingekho kwi-treponemal (ezinokubona ukulimala okubangelwa yi- T. pallidum ) zisetyenziselwa kunye neemvavanyo ze-treponemal (ezinokuzibona i-britterium ngokwazo). Bobabini iimvavanyo ezisekelwe kwigazi. Ngenxa yokuba iimvavanyo ezingekho kwi-treponemal zithinteka ngakumbi, zenziwa kuqala.
Ukuba iimvavanyo zilungile, uvavanyo lwe treponemal luya kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ngokuvavanywa kwegazi, i-syphilis inokuthi ifunyanwe ngaphakathi kweveki okanye ezimbini zokutshatyalaliswa. Iziphumo ezichanekileyo zinokufunyanwa ngeenyanga ezintathu zokuqala, ngelixa izinga leempembelelo zobuxoki likhula ngokukhawuleza emva kweentsuku ezingama-90.
Igazi, izicubu, kunye nezifo zomzimba zi novavanyo oluchanekileyo ngokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi -microscopy yamnyama . Nangona kungasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo namhlanje (ngenxa yesidingo sezakhono zobuchwephesha abanezakhono), i-microscopy yamnyama ingabanika oogqirha ngokuqinisekileyo, ubungqina obubonakalayo bentsholongwane. Ingasetyenziselwa ngexesha lokusulela kwintsholongwane okanye kwisifo esilandelayo xa izifo ziyanzima ukuxilonga.
Unyango
Usulelo lwe-Syphilis lunokuphiliswa ngamayeza. I-Penicillin (nge-injection) ithathwa njengeziyobisi ezikhethiweyo, kodwa ezinye (ezifana ne-doxycycline, tetracycline, azithromycin, okanye i-ceftriaxone) zingasetyenziswa xa umntu ehlaselwa kwi-penicillin.
Unyango lwe-syphilis luyahlukahluka ngesigaba sentsholongwane:
- I-syphilis yaseprayimari, yesibini kunye neyokuqala ingaphathwa nge-injection eyodwa ye-penicillin.
- I-latent syphilis ezayo ifuna iintshukumo ezintathu, ngasinye sinikezelwa ngeveki enye.
- I-syphilis ephakamileyo iya kuthathwa ngendlela efana neyokuphela kwe-syphilis xa i-brain and central nervous system ingabandakanyeki.
- I-Neurosyphilis idinga ixesha elide loqeqesho lwe -10 ukuya kwe-14, mhlawumbi nge-penicillin ye-intramuscular okanye i-penicillin shots and medication.
Nangona isifo se-tertiary sichitshiweyo, nayiphi na into eyingozi eyenziwa kwingqondo okanye ezinye izitho ezingenakuphikiswa. Ukongezwa okongeziweyo, kuquka ukuhlinzwa, kunokufuneka ukuba uncede ukulawula okanye ukulungisa umonakalo.
Thintelo
Iikhondom zihlala zikhuselo lokuqala zokulwa nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ezifana ne-syphilis. Nangona iikhondom zingapheliyo (ingakumbi xa ungayisebenzisi ngokuchanekileyo), yile ndlela inokuthenjelwa yokunqanda ukukhawuleza.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa inani labantu olala nabo, ngakumbi abo bangabonakaliyo. Ekugqibeleni, abantu abaninzi olala nabo, baninzi amathuba okusulela isifo.
Ukuzikhusela wena nabanye, unokufuna ukucinga ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-STD kumgqirha wakho okanye kwikliniki yasekuhlaleni. I-US Preventive Services Task Force njengenje ikhuthaza ukuba abantu basengozini yokukhuselwa isifo. Oku kubandakanya i-MSM, abasebenzisi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, okanye abantu abanamaqela amaninzi eentlobano zesini kunye / okanye ababandakanya ngesondo esingakhuselekanga.
ILizwi
Ngelixa abantu abathile banomngcipheko omkhulu we-syphilis kunabanye, musa ukuzikhohlisa ekucingeni ukuba ukhuselekile nje ngokuba 'ungalali.' Ngokwezibalo ezivela kumaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo, isantya se-syphilis phakathi kwabasetyhini sikhule ngamaphesenti angama-35.7 phakathi kuka-2015 no-2016 yodwa kwaye sele ivuke kwiqela ngalinye kunye nobuhlanga / ubuhlanga e-United States.
Ukuba ungathandabuzeki malunga nesimo sakho, zenzele uxabiso kwaye uvavanywe. Nangona uvavanyo oluhle, ngaphambili uyazi, ngokukhawuleza unokunyangwa-kwaye kungenakwenzeka ukuba uza kubachaphazela abanye.
Imithombo:
> Bowen, V .; Su, J .; Torrone, E. et al. "Ukwandiswa kweziganeko zentsholongwane ye-congenital syphilis - United States, 2012-2014." I- MMWR. 2015; 64 (44): 1241-5. INGXELO: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6444a3.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "2016 Ukunyamekwa kwezifo zoTyhulwa ngezesondo: I-Syphilis." E-Atlanta, eGeorgia; hlaziywa ngoSeptemba 26, 2017.
> Hayden, Deborah. (2008) Po: Genius, Madness, kunye ne-Mysteries Syphilis. Isixeko saseNew York, eNew York: Iincwadi eziSiseko. ISBN: 978-0786724130.
> Lee, K .; I-Nyo-Metzger, Q. Wolff, T. et al. Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo: Iziphakamiso ezivela kwi-US Preventive Services Task Force. " Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. kunye noBolan, G. "Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ngo-2015." MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.