I-Syphilis ibangelwa yi-britterium Treponema pallidum. Esi sifo sisifo sesifo segazi esifumana iiprotheni, ezibizwa ngokuba ngama- antibodies , eziveliswa ngumzimba ekuphenduleni isifo. Xa ususulelekile, i-antibodies ye- T. pallidum iya kuhlala egazini lakho iminyaka. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uhlalutyo lwebhabhi lunokunika izikhokelo malunga nokuba usulelo olutsha okanye olwenzekayo ngaphambili.
Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo ezenziwa kwikliniki, iofisi yakho yegqirha, okanye i-pharmacy, kukho inani leekiti zokuzivanya ezikuvumela ukuba uvavanywe kwinduduzo yakho.
I-Self-Checks / Ukuvavanywa Kwekhaya
Enye yezona thintelo kwi-STD yokujonga i-STD i-disk okanye ihlazo apho amanye amava xa ejongene nokucela ugqirha ukuvavanya. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu baya kuphepha ukuvavanya iminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka ade usuleleke ngokukhawuleza.
Yazi ukuba awukwazi ukuxilonga nge-syphilis esekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, nokuba uyaphawula. Kodwa ungasebenzisa isitifiketi se-STD esisekhaya, apho inani labasebenzi bezempilo karhulumente livume; ukhetho lunceda abaninzi abantu ukuba banqobe izithintelo zokuvavanya.
Phakathi kweentlobo ezikhoyo (kunye neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zabo):
- Iikiti zokuhlola ze-syphilis ezikhawulezayo zibukeka njengemvavanyo yokukhulelwa kwaye zidinga iiponsi zegazi ukwenzela ukuba zixilongwe, ezinokuthi zenziwe rhoqo kwimizuzu engama-15. Ngelixa lilungelekile, bajwayele ukungacacanga kunye nephutha lomsebenzisi.
- Ma il-kwiikiti zokuvavanya uthathe eli nqanaba elilandelayo. Ubhalisa kwi-Intanethi, unikezela iinkcukacha zonyango ngaphambi kokuvavanya. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-needle-prick u-imeyile luya thunyelwa kuwe, othabathayo uze uluthumele kwibhan ekhethiweyo yokuhlalutya. Iziphumo, oza kuzifumana kwi-intanethi kwiintsuku ezimbini zeshishini ukuya kwiintsuku ezihlanu, zithatha ukuba zichaneke ngakumbi kunezo zivavanyo ozenzayo ngokupheleleyo.
Nangona iikiti zifumaneka kwi-intanethi, kufuneka ukhethe ngokucophelela. Kukho umgaqo omncinci wokulawulwa kwee-intanethi ze-intanethi kwi-intanethi. Ngaloo ndlela, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba lowo ukhethayo uhlangabezana nemigangatho ye-Clinical Improvement Amendment (CLIA) kwaye iimvavanyo zithunyelwe kwaye zivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Ukujonga, qhagamshelana ne- ofisi ye-CLIA yesithili . Musa ukudukiswa yimigangatho efana ne "Ubuchwepheshe obuvunywe ngu-FDA."
IiLabs kunye novavanyo
Ngenxa yokuba iT . i-pallidum inqabile kakhulu ukuba ikhuliswe, isifo sifanele sifumaneke kwisinye seendlela ezimbini: ukufumanisa ngokungathanga ngqo kwintsholongwane okanye ukufunyanwa ngqo kwendalo.
Iimvavanyo zeGazi eziMgangatho
Indlela echangekileyo, usebenzisa inxaxheba yonyango-eyenziwa ngegazi, yindlela ekhethiweyo yokuvavanya. Iquka iindidi ezimbini zeemvavanyo eziqhutywe emva kokulandelayo:
- Uvavanyo lwe-Non-Treponemal: Ukuxilongwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngeemvavanyo ezimbini zegazi ezingekho-treponemal ezibizwa ngokuba yi- laboratory research (VDRL) kunye ne-reagin ye-plasma (RPR) ngokukhawuleza. Bobabini bafumanisa i-antibodies kwi-cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen, eyona nto ibonakalayo ekuphenduleni umonakalo obangelwa yi-syphilis bacteria. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zikhuhlane ziveliswa kwimeko yezifo, ezifana nesifo se-lupus neLyme. Nangona iimvavanyo zithembekileyo, zingabizi, kwaye zilula ukuyisebenzisa, zabo ezingezizo zenzeke ukuba zilungele kwiziphumo ezingamanga. Ngaloo ndlela, iziphumo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngezinye iinkcukacha ezithile, ngaphandle kweendleko, iimvavanyo ze-treponemal.
- Iimvavanyo zeTexponemal: Ukuba iimvavanyo ezingezo-treponemal zilungile, iziphumo ziya kuthi ziqinisekiswe ngenye yeemvavanyo zamathiphu. Uvavanyo lweTopponemal lubona i-T. pallidum antibodies eyenziwa ngokuphendula kwi-bhakteriya ngokwayo. Ngexesha elithile, abakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kosulelo oludlulileyo okanye olukhoyo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba iimvavanyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ndawonye ukuze zixilongwe. Izinketho zokuhlolwa kweTopponemal ziquka ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS), i- T. pallidum i-assay test (TP-PA), i-enzyme immunoassays (i-EIA), kunye ne-chemiluminescence immunoassays (CIA).
Iziphumo zale mvavanyo zibikwe njengezicwangcisekileyo okanye ezingasebenzi.
Ukusebenza kwakhona kwi-test ye-treponemal kubonisa ukusulelwa kwintsholongwane kodwa ayikwazi ukutyhila xa isifo senzeke. Ukuqwalasela oku, ibhanki iya kuqhathanisa iziphumo zokuhlolwa kwegazi-kubandakanywa nenqanaba (titer) lamagciwane okufunyanwa egazini-ukuseka isigaba sentsholongwane kunye nekhondo elifanelekileyo lokonyango.
UkuHlola kwakhona
Olu luhlu lweemvavanyo zegazi-engekho i-treponemal yokuqala, isibini ye-treponemal-ithathwa njengendlela yokudala yokuxilongwa. Kwezinye iimeko, ke, inqubo ingatyalelwa ukuze uvavanyo lwe treponemal lwenziwa kuqala kwaye iimvavanyo ezingezo-treponemal zenziwa okwesibini.
Eyaziwayo ukulandelelana ngokulandelelana ngokulandelelana, oku kukho kokubili kunye neentsilelo. Kwiphambi elihle, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke ukusuleleka kwiintsholongwane zokuqala. Kwimeko engalunganga, ukuphonononga ukuphonononga ukuhlaziywa kunokuba kubiza kwaye kungabangela umphumo osebenzayo nokuba umntu uphethwe ngaphambili. Iziphumo ezikhohlakeleyo ziyingxaki kuba zikhokelela ekuphindaphindeni okungadingekile kwonyango.
Nangona ukuphonononga kwakhona kwendawo yayo, ukulandelelana okuqhelekileyo kokuvavanya kusekucetyiswa kwiimeko ezininzi.
Microscopy yomhlaba omnyama
I-microscopy yensima emnyama yindlela echanekileyo yokuvavanywa ngaphantsi esetyenziswa namhlanje njengokuba kufuna abachwephesha abanezakhono. Yenziwa ngokuthatha isampuli yomzimba wamanzi (mhlawumbi kwisifo se- chancre okanye intonga yomgudu ) kwaye uyayibheka phantsi kwe-microscope ubungqina obubonakalayo bhaktheriya. Uvavanyo luya kwenziwa kwakhona kwiisampuli zamathambo okanye kwi-mucus yangasese.
I-microscopy yensima yamnyama ingayiluncedo kwisifo esilandelayo xa ezinye iimvavanyo zingenakulinganiswa okanye kwiintsana ezisenokuba nzima ukuyixilonga.
Iintsana
I-syphilis yabangelwayo ifumaneka xa usulelekile usuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iintsana kunye ne-syphilis aziyi kuba nezibonakaliso zesifo kwaye ziyakhula kuphela ngonyaka wesibini wobomi.
Ukuxilongwa kwiintsana ezinokubeleka kunokuba nzima kuba i-antibodies yamama ijikeleza kwigazi lomntwana kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-18 zokuphila. Oko kuthetha ukuba, ngeli xesha, oogqirha abakwazi ukuqonda izifo ezikhuselekileyo ezivela kumama okanye ezingabantwana (oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana usulelekileyo).
Xa kuthethwa oko, ukuba i-antibodies zezingane ziphezulu kakhulu kunomama, umntwana usulelekile. I-microscopy yendawo yamnyama inganikeza ubungqina obuchanekileyo besifo.
Ukuxilongwa okuhlukeneyo
Ngenxa yokuba i-syphilis ixelisa ezinye izifo kwaye kaninzi zifuna ukuchazwa ngokubanzi kweziphumo zokuhlolwa kwegazi, kufuneka kwenziwe umgudu ongaphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuxilongwa kuchanekile. Oku kudinga ukuxilongwa ngokubanzi okuhlukeneyo , ngokukodwa ngexesha le-syphilis ephakamileyo xa iimpawu zinokuhluka kwaye zinzima.
Oogqirha baya kuhlola nje nge-syphilis, kodwa i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-trichomoniasis, i-bacterial vaginosis kunye ne-HIV isebenzisa ipaneli enkulu yeemvavanyo ze- STD . Ezinye iimvavanyo zelabhu kunye neengcamango nazo ziyakuyalelwa ukuba zingabandakanyi ezinye izizathu ezinokwenzeka. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi zophando:
- I-syphilis yaseprayimari: candidiasis, cystitis, virus ye-herpes simplex, i-granuloma inguinale, i-urethritis, nezinye ii-STD
- I-syphilis yesibini: I- HIV, isifo se-Kawasaki, i-mononucleosis, i-pityriasis rosea, i-Rocky Mountain inomlilo, i-red fever
- I-syphilis ephakamileyo: ubuchopho buchopho, i-carcinoma, ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo ye-congenational, i-meningococcemia, ukugula kwengqondo, i-multiple sclerosis, i-stroke
Iingcebiso zoKhenketho
Awufanele usebenzise ukungabikho kwempawu njengesizathu sokuba ungavavanywa. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-syphilis zidla ngokubanzi kwaye zingezizo, ziyakwazi ukulahleka okanye ziphosakele kwezinye izifo. Kule nto, i-US Preventive Services Task Force ikhuthaza ukunconywa kwe-syphilis kubo bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nabani na umntu ocingelwa ukuba unobungozi obungakumbi bentsholongwane.
Oku kubandakanya amadoda alala ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) , abantu abaneqabane lamadoda amaninzi, abajobi abasebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nabantu ababandakanya ngesondo esingakhuselekanga.
Imithombo:
> Braccio, S .; Sharland, M .; kunye noLadhani, S. "Ukuthintela nokunyangwa kwe- infantry to child transmission of syphilis" . 2016; 29 (3): 268-74. INGXELO: 10.1097 / QCO.0000000000000270.
> Lee, K .; I-Nyo-Metzger, Q. Wolff, T. et al. Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo: Iziphakamiso ezivela kwi-US Preventive Services Task Force. " Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. kunye noBolan, G. "Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ngo-2015." MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.