I-Syphilis yintsholongwane yesifo / isifo (STI / STD) esabangelwa ibhaktheriya enomoya obizwa ngeTitponema pallidum. Unokusuleleka xa udibanisa ne-syphilis sore ngexesha lesondo. Iyakwazi ukudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Abantu bahlala benengcamango engalunganga malunga ne-syphilis, bekholelwa ukuba unokufumana kuphela "ngokuziphatha kakubi." Inyaniso elula kukuba unokusuleleka ngenyango olulodwa kwaye ungenakuqonda ukuba uyasuleleka kwiminyaka nangamawaka.
Ngokubhekiselele kule ndlela, kukho iindlela ezilula zokuphepha ukhuseleko lwe-syphilis. Konke kuqala ngokufunda indlela isifo esasazeka ngayo kwaye zeziphi izinto ezibeka kuyo, njengomntu ngamnye, engozini.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Nabani onesifo se-syphilis okanye unesifo soqhagamshelwano lwezesondo okanye kumama wakhe kwi-utero.
UkuThuthwa kwabantu abadala
Ukusuleleka kwe-Syphilis kwenzeka xa i-skin okanye i-mucosal tissue idibanisa nesifo esivulekile, esiswini esaziwayo njenge- chancre . Uhlobo lwe-coorkscrew uhlobo lwebhaktheriya luvumela ukuba luqhube kwiimbrane zomlomo, ubulili, okanye i-rectum okanye ukufaka ikhefu le-microscopic esikhumbeni.
Kubantu abadala kunye nolutsha olusebenza ngokwesondo, i-syphilis idluliselwa phantse kuphela ngomlomo , ngesondo , okanye ngesondo . Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, usulelo luya kwenzeka ngenxa yokubanga.
Ukuba ishiywe ingalawulwa, i-syphilis iza kuhamba kwiinqanaba ezinhlanu zentsholongwane : eziziiprayimari, ezisekondari, zakuqala zakuqala, ezikude zifikeleleke, kwaye ziphakamileyo.
Umngcipheko kunye nemodi yokutshintshulwa iyahlukahluka kwinqanaba:
- Ngethuba le- syphilis yokuqala , lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngokudibanisa ne-chancre.
- Ngexesha le- syphilis yesibini , lesi sifo sinokudlulelwa ngokudibanisa nokugqithwa kwesibini.
- Ngethuba lokuqala kwe-syphilis , iimpawu zesekondari ngezinye izihlandlo ziphindaphinda kwaye zandisa ingozi yokuhambisa.
- Ngethuba lokuphela kwesifo se- syphilis esiphezulu okanye se-tertiary , isifo sithathwa ngokungenasifo.
I-Syphilis ayikwazi ukudluliswa ngezihlalo zangasese, ukudibanisa ngokungaqhelekanga, okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokubambisene kwezixhobo okanye izinto zokunyamekela. Oku kungenxa yokuba i- T. pallidum inegobolondo ephosakeleyo engenakho ipoprotein efunekayo ukugcina ubomi ngaphandle komzimba ixesha elide. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshintshwa kwe-syphilis yento-kuya-mntu akunakwenzeka kakhulu.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwePerinatal
Ukudluliselwa kwe-syphilis (eyaziwayo njenge- syphilis yokuzalwa ) kwenzeka xa ibhaktheriya ye-syphilis ingena kwi-placenta ejikeleze umntwana okhulayo. Nangona oku kwenzeka nakweyiphi na isigaba sokukhulelwa, ubuninzi bukhulu kunesiqingatha sesibini.
Umngcipheko wokusasazeka uhluka ngongoma lomama wesifo. Unina one-syphilis ephambili kunye nesekondari unomngcipheko wokusasazeka phakathi kwama-60 ekhulwini kunye nama-80 ekhulwini, ngoxa oomama abanamava ekugqibeleni afikelela kwi-syphilis ephakamileyo banama-20 engozini.
Izinto zokuPhila kweengozi
Nangona i-syphilis inokuchaphazela nabani na, kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezinokunyusa amathuba okusuleleka. Ezinye zihlobene nokuziphatha kocansi, ngelixa ezinye zidibaniswa neziganeko ezinokubeka bonke abantu emngciphekweni.
Phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zengozi:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom engavumelani yimbangela enkulu yokusasazwa kuwo onke amaqela. Ngokutsho kwiphando olwenziwa ngamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC), kuphela iipesenti ezingama-24 yabasetyhini kunye namaphesenti ama-33 amadoda phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 no-44 basebenzisa ikhondom rhoqo.
- Amaqabane amaninzi eentlobano zesini anokubeka engozini nje ngokukunika ithuba elikhulu lokubhengeza. Oku kuyinyani ngokukhethekileyo phakathi kwamaqabane angamazwi adibeneyo kwiintlanzi ze- intanethi .
- Amadoda abelana ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) akhawunti engaphezu kwama-60 ekhulwini lwezifo zonyango e-United States. Ubuthakathaka bendalo (njengokwehlukana kwamathambo e-rectal) kunye namazinga aphakamileyo e-HIV kwi-MSM kwingozi engenakulinganiswa ngokumalunga noontanga.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuye kwabangela ukuqhuma kwesifo se-STD kwiminyaka yamuva (kuquka ukuqubuka kwe-HIV e-Indiana kwi-oxycontin). Nangona i-syphilis ingadluliselwa ngegazi-to-blood exposure, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukujoba kungonakalisa isigwebo kwaye kwandisa ingozi yobundlobongela ngokwesondo okanye ukutshintshana ngokwesini kwiziyobisi.
Iingcinga zobungozi kunye nezibonelelo
Mhlawumbi enye yemingcipheko enkulu yentsholongwane ka-syphilis kukukhusela ukuhlolwa kwe-STD. Nangona bekuye kwacatshangwa ukuba isidingo salo sithembele kwinani lamalingani omntu onalo, i-CDC ngoku icebisa ubuncinci bonyaka-unyaka (i-syphilis, chlamydia, kunye ne-gonorrhea) kubo bonke abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa, Amanye amadoda alala ngesondo kunye namadoda. Labo abanamaqela amaninzi okanye abangachazwanga ngesondo kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo (umz., Kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu).
Ngelishwa, amaninzi ala madoda awaziyo izikhokelo okanye azigatye ngokunyanisekileyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yehlazo okanye ukwesaba ukufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV ngokufanayo. Oku kuguqulela ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yentsholongwane kodwa ukuvuselelwa.
Ucwaningo luka-2015 oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles luchaze ukuba phakathi kwama-6 ekhulwini kunye ne-8 ekhulwini le-MSM esele ikhulelwe yi-syphilis yafumana ukusuleleka kwiintsuku ezimbini. Abaninzi balabo baye balinda ukuvavanya kwaze kwaba yintsholongwane yesibini bavuma ukuba babengafuni ukwazi okanye besaba ukufumana iziphumo.
Okufanayo kubonakaliswe kumadoda aseMelika aseMelika aphakathi kwamaphesenti angama-62 ukuba banako ukuvavanywa ukuba badibanisa ii-STD ngokuziphatha okubi, ukuhlazeka, ukungcola, okanye ubuthathaka. Namhlanje, izinga le-syphilis phakathi kwabase-Afrika baseMelika liphantse ngokuphindwe kabili kwimiba emhlophe, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yezi mpawu.
Akukho beminyaka okanye ubuhlanga / ubuhlanga obukwazi ukuphepha kwinqanaba elikhulayo lokukhuselwa kwe-syphilis e-United States. Ngo-2000, amacala angaphantsi kwama-6,000 e-syphilis oyintloko okanye asekondari abiwe (okanye ama-2.1 amatyala ngabantu abayi-100,000); ngo-2016, elo nani liye landa ngaphezu kwama-27,000 (okanye iimeko ezisibhozo kwi-100,000).
Ngaphambi kokuba ezi zimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kokuvavanya zitshintshwe, ingozi enkulu yentsholongwane ingalindelwa ukuba iphakame. Ukunyaniseka ngokwakho ngomngcipheko uze wenze okusemandleni akho ukuzikhusela.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. 2016 Ukunyamekelwa kwezifo zesifo soThatshazo: ngesipilisi. Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoSeptemba 26, 2017.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. I-STD ne-HIV Screening Recommendations. https://www.cdc.gov/std/prevention/screeningreccs.htm
> I-Copen, C. Ukusetyenziswa kweComm Ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwabesetyhini kunye namadoda aneminyaka eyi-15-44 e-United States: Uhlolo lweSizwe loNyaka luka-2011-2015. Nat Health Statis Rep 2017; 105: 1-16.
> Morris, J .; Lippman, S .; UFilipu, S. et al. Ukuxhatshazwa ngoTyhulo oluSithintekayo ngoSondo kunye noTshaba phakathi koLutsha lwase-Afrika loLutsha lwaBantu baseMelika: Impembelelo kwiZenzo zoVavanyo, iSaziso soBambiswano kunye noTyango. Ukunyamekela kwabanyamezeli be-AIDS STDS. 2014 Septemba 1; 28 (9): 499-506. INGXELO: 10.1089 / apc.2013.0316.
> Stahlman, S .; Utyalo, A .; Javanbakht, M. et al. Amanyathelo angeneleleko okunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kweSyphilis Phakathi kwamadoda aphezulu abengoziSondo nabantu baseLos Angeles. Ngaba J Zempilo Yoluntu. 2015 Matshi; 105 (3): e88-e94. INGXELO: 10.2105 / AJPH.2014.302412.