Iimpawu, ukuxilongwa, unyango kunye nokukhusela
I-Chlamydia, intsholongwane ebangelwa yi-bhakteriya i- Chlamydia trachomatis , iyona isifo esichengileyo ngokusasazeka ngesondo (i-STI) e-United States. Kungenzeka nanini na ubudala kodwa buqhelekileyo kubantu abatsha. Awukwazi ukuba unayo i-chlamydia, njengoko kaninzi ayibangeli iimpawu. Ngelixa abanye bafumaneka ngenxa yokuba bafuna ukuvavanya iimpawu ezifana nokukhulelwa okanye intlungu, abanye bafunyaniswa kuphela njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwenkqubela yezempilo.
Akukho mkhuhlane we-chlamydia, ngoko ukuphindaphinda kuyinto eqhelekileyo. I-Chlamydia iyaphiliswa, kodwa uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lubalulekile ukuchonga intsholongwane.
Ukukhula
Abantu abayi-1.6 yezigidi baya kufumana unyango ngamnye kunyaka, kunye neyesithathu kwezifo ezenzekayo kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 no-24. Iziganeko zangempela ziphezulu, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uninzi lwabantu abanalo iimpawu. Kufunyanwe ukuba phantse kabini kubafazi, kodwa oku kubakho ngenxa yokuba abafazi bathambekele ekuhlolweni rhoqo kunamadoda. Ukufumana ukusuleleka kwabasetyhini baninzi into efanelekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ukuphonononga okungafaniyo kubonisa ukuba kukho amaninzi amanxulumano ezesondo nabasetyhini abasetyathiweyo abangaphathwa.
I-Chlamydia ibe isifo esichazwayo e-United States ukususela ngo-1994, kodwa sele ilandelwe rhoqo rhoqo ngonyaka ka-2000. Isiganeko se-chlamydia siye sanda, nangona akuqinisekanga ukuba oku kukunyuka ngokwenene okanye ngenxa yokubona okungcono.
IGenalia
Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kakuhle iimpawu ze-chlamydia, kunceda ukuhlalutya ngokukhawuleza i-female genitalia "
Inkqubo yokuzala isetyhini iqulethwe ngumfazi, isisu, umlomo wesibeleko (ukuvulwa phakathi kwesini kunye nesisu), izibilini ze-fallopian kunye nama-ovari. Oku kubalulekile kuba umlomo wesibeleko uyisayithi ye-chlamydial infections kwi-75% ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini.
Ukusuka apho, iibhaktheriya zihamba nge-uterus ukuya kwii-tubes, ii-ovaries, kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezayo ezibangela isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Inkqubo yokuzala yokuzalwa iqukethe i-penis, i-testes, i-prostate gland, kunye needoksi ezinxulumene nazo. Ukwelashwa kwe-Chlamydia kumadoda kaninzi kuthintela i-urethra (ityhubhu egijima isuka kwi-bladder ibe yintonga ye-penis). Ukusuka kule ndawo, ibhaktheriya iya ku-epididymis-ityhubhu ehlala emva kwamathambo-okubangela imeko eyaziwa njenge- epididymitis .
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-chlamydia ziyahluka phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini, kunye nendawo yokusuleleka. Ngelishwa, i-chlamydia yaziwa ngokuba "isifo sobungqina" ngenxa yokuba iimpawu azihlali zikhona. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuleleka kunokusonakalisa inkqubo yokuzala. Ukuqhathaniswa kudlalwa rhoqo ukufumanisa ukusuleleka kwe-asymptomatic.
Bafazi
Amaphesenti ama-5 kuphela ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abasulelwe ngu-chlamydia baya kuba neempawu. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lubangelwa ngumfazi , olunokuba luncinci okanye lukhulu, lucacile okanye lubume (ngokuqhelekileyo luphuzi).
Abasetyhini banokwazi ukubona ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukutshisa, okanye ukutshaya kwindawo yokulala kunye nesisini. Ubuhlungu kunye nokutshisa ngokucoca kungenzeka, kwaye ukuvutha kwamanqanaba kunokunyuka.
Ukubandakanywa komlomo wesibeleko kungabangela ubuhlungu ngesondo (dyspareunia) kunye nokuphaphaza phakathi kwamaxesha.
Xa usulelo luya kwii-tublopian tubes kunye ne-pelvis, ubuhlungu besisu nesisu, kunye neempawu ezifana ne-fever, ezinokuthi zenzeke.
Amadoda
Kuphela malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zamadoda kuya kuba neempawu eziphathelele ukusuleleka kwe-chlamydia. Xa zikhona, iimpawu zingabandakanya intlungu kunye nokutshisa ngexesha lokucoca kunye nexesha lokuvota. Ku no kubomvu, ukuvuvukala, nokugubha malunga nokuvulwa kwepenisi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwi-penis (leyo ingahluka ukusuka kwindawo ecacileyo kunye namanzi okuluhlaza kunye nohlaza okomhlaza).
Ubunzima obunokubanjelwa kwegazi luya kwenzeka kwakhona. Xa usulelo luya epididymis, lunokubangela intlungu kunye nokuvuvukala kwelinye lamathambo.
Ezinye iziganeko (zombini iisondo)
Ukwelashwa kwe-Chlamydia kunokusasazwa nge- sexual anal anal or oral sex.
Ngokulala ngesondo, izibonakaliso zentsholongwane zingabandakanywa iintlungu, ukukhupha, ukukhupha, kunye nokuvalelwa kokungagqibekanga kwezibilini (tenesmus).
Ukutshintshwa ngexesha lesondo lomlomo kungabangela iimpawu ezifana nomgca we-throp okanye i-tonsillitis. Kwisifundo esithile semimandla yasezidolophini eUnited States, kwafunyanwa ukuba ama-4 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini, ama-1.6 ekhulwini lamadoda, kunye neepesenti ezili-12 zamadoda abelana ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM) babe ne-chlamydia engaphezulu. Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba iziganeko ze-chlamydia emzimbeni kunye nomlomo kwi-MSM zi-3 ukuya kweepesenti ezi-10 kunye ne-0.5% ukuya kwi-2.3 ekhulwini, ngokulandelana.
Izizathu / Ukuhanjiswa
Izifo zentsholongwane ye- Genital chlamydia zibangelwa yi-serovars (iintlobo ze-chlamydia bhakteria) D nge-K. Kukho nezinye iiflamidiya, eziqhelekanga kwi-United States.
I-Chlamydia idluliselwa ngokufihlakeleyo (kungekhona ukuxhamla kwesikhumba kunxulumana nabanye, i-STIs / STDs) kwaye inokuvela ngesondo ngesondo, ngomlomo okanye ngomlomo. Ukufunwa kwe-Ejaculation akuyimfuneko ukusasaza intsholongwane. Iimpawu, xa zenzeka, zivame ukuvela malunga neveki ezintathu emva kokuvezwa, nangona iingxaki ezifana ne-PID zingenzeka emva koko. Iibhaktheriya nazo zinokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kwintsana ngexesha lokuziswa kwamanzi.
I-Chlamydia yenza okungakumbi njengentsholongwane kunokuba ibhaktheriya ngeendlela ezithile kwaye inyanzelekile i-intracellular parasite, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ihlale ngaphakathi kwiseli yoluntu ukuze iphile.
Ukuxilongwa
I-Chlamydia inokukrokrelwa ngokusekelwe kwimpawu okanye ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kodwa kunzima ukuhlula i-chlamydia kwezinye i-STI (njenge- gonorrhea ) ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zodwa. Ukuhlolwa kweLebhu kuyadingeka ukwenza i- chlamydia esemthethweni.
Uninzi lwezifo zifunyenwe ngokucwangcisa ngokuqhelekileyo, ezifana nokuhlolwa kwentsholongwane yonyaka. Usulelo lunokuhlala ixesha elide kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokufunyanwa ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe loo mvavanyo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-chlamydia ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa emva kokuba umgcini wezonyango uyigqala imbali yonyango (kubandakanye nembali yokuchasana kunye nesenzo somzimba), wenza uvavanyo lomzimba, uqhube uvavanyo lwemvini okanye, njengenye indlela yabasetyhini, uvavanyo kwisampuli eqokelelwe ukususela ekutshitshiseni komgca we-endocervical or vagin.
Ukuhlola
Ekubeni i-chlamydia idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukucoca rhoqo kukhuthazwa kakhulu. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlolwa konyaka kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-25 nangaphantsi, kunye nabasetyhini abadala abanomngcipheko .
Izikhokelo ze-MSM zoxhatshazwayo ngokocansi zincoma kwakhona ukuhlolwa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo kwe-chlamydia-ubuncinci bonyaka okanye i-biannual, kuxhomekeke engozini. Oku kuquka ukuvavanywa komqala, umchamo, kunye ne-rectum, kunye namanye ama-STI (i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis C kunye ne-syphilis, umzekelo).
Abalingani bezesondo kwiintsuku ezingama-60 zokugqibela kufuneka bahlolwe (kwaye baphathwe) naluphi na i-chlamydia ifumaneka.
I-Chlamydia yisifo esaziwayo kwisizwe kunye nokubika kubalulekile ukuqonda ngakumbi malunga nosulelo.
Unyango
I-Chlamydia iphathwa ngeemithi zonyango; kukho okwangoku akukho misebenzi engaphezulu kwe-counter or counter remedies. Kukho unyango oluthakanyiswayo kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhetha abantu abadala kunye nabafazi abakhulelweyo.
Kumele uthathe onke amayeza anqunyelwe ukuba uqede ibhaktheriya, kwaye imimiselo ayifanele ukwabelwana. Njengoko kuphawuliwe, zonke izithandana zesini kwiintsuku ezingama-60 phambi kokuxilongwa kufuneka ziphathwe.
Kunconywa ukuba abantu bayeke ukulala ngesini iintsuku ezisixhenxe emva kokuba unyango luqalise.
Iingxaki
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuba i-chlamydia ishiywe ingaphendulwa:
Bafazi
Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo kubasetyhini yi- PID , imeko eyenzeka kwi-10 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abangaphatanga. Ukongeza ngaphezu kokubangela ukungathandeki, usulelo lunokutshabalalisa izibonda ezinqabileyo kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezayo, ezikhokelela ekubuhlungu kwintlungu ye-pelvic, ukungabikho komntwana, kunye nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic (tubal), imeko ebungozi.
Usulelo lwe-Chlamydia lunokunyusa ingozi yokuphuhlisa okanye yokudlulisa i-HIV.
Amadoda
Izifo eziya kwi-epididymis kumadoda nazo zinokubangela ukonakala. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubandezelekeni okungapheliyo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kungabikho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amadoda angahlakulela isifo se-articular joint in one or more joints, ukuvuvukala kwe-urethra, okanye ukuvuvukala kweso (owayebizwa ngokuba yi-Reiter's syndrome).
Njengabesifazane, i-chlamydia inokunyusa umngcipheko womntu wokuphuhlisa okanye ukusasaza i-HIV.
Abafazi abakhulelweyo
Izifo ezingabonakaliyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zidibene nezinga eliphezulu lokubeleka kwangaphambi kokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Iintsana ezizalelwe oomama nge-chlamydia ezingaphendulwanga zinokuvelisa izifo zonyango okanye i-pneumonia.
Abo Balala Ngesondo
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-rectum ngenxa yokusuleleka kwe-chlamydia kunokukhokelela kwiintlungu ezingapheliyo kunye ne-fistula.
Thintelo
Njengazo zonke izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela i-chlamydia kukusebenzisa ikhondom ngaphandle kokuba uhlala kwixesha elide, ulwalamano olulodwa nomntu oye wavavanywa kwaye waba nemiphumo emibi.
Izindlela zokuphila ezifanelekileyo zibandakanya:
- Ukunciphisa inani lakho lamalingani esondo
- Ukuba 'nencoko' malunga ne-STIs / STD ngaphambi kokuba ulale ngesondo
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo.
Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukungcola, njengoko oku kunokwandisa umngcipheko we-PID kwabasetyhini abanegciwane.
Ezinye iiClamydial Syndromes
Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezimbini zokusuleleka kwezifo ze-chlamydial ngaphezu kokungenwa kwezifo zomzimba, nangona ezi ziqhelekanga eMelika.
I-Lymphogranuloma Venereum: I- Chlamydia nayo ibangela isifo sesandulela ngculaza esibizwa ngokuthi i- lymphogranuloma venereum , eneempawu ezahlukileyo kakhulu kunezifo ezithintekayo zesifo sofuba chlamydia. Kuye kwadlulelwa ngembali njengemeko efunyenwe kumazwe asithathu ehlabathini, kodwa iziganeko zalo zanda emhlabeni wonke, kuquka eMelika. Kuqhelekileyo kwi-MSM, kwaye iimpawu zifana ne-syphilis . Kubangelwa i-chlamydia serovars (iintlobo) L1, L2, kunye ne-L3.
I-Trachoma: I- Trachoma yintsholongwane yamehlo ebangelwa yi-chlamydia ibhaktheriya eyaziwa njenge-serovars A ngeC. Ngokungafani nezifo zesifo sangasese kunye ne-lymphogranuloma venereum, i-trachoma ayithathwa njenge-STI. Nangona kungavamile eUnited States, yiyona nto ibangela imbumbulu emhlabeni wonke. Yibangelwa yi-autoinoculation (xa abantu bechaphazela ubuso obuqulethe ibhaktheriya baze bathe banamehlo) kwaye banokusasazwa ngezandla, izambatho, iibhedi, okanye iimpukane.
ILizwi
Ukufumanisa ukuxilongwa kwe-chlamydia kunokungaxakalisi, ingakumbi ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba uthatha isifo okanye uthathe ixesha elingakanani. Kukho ukugxekwa ngama-STIs / STDs okubangela ukuba abantu bazive benetloni, mhlawumbi malunga nexesha labo elidlulileyo. Khumbula ukuba i-chlamydia iyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyakukhathalela kuphela impilo yakho. Nangona ulwalamano oluninzi lwezesondo luyingozi, kuthatha omnye umlingani wesini ukuhlakulela intsholongwane.
I-chlamydia engabonakaliyo inokubangela iingxaki, ezinye zazo ezinokuthi zibe nzima. Kodwa umgca wukuthi usulelo lulula ukuvavanya, luyakhathazeka kakhulu, kwaye luyakuthi lunqandeke.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Iphepha le-Chlamydia-CDC (Inkcukacha). Updated 10/04/17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia-detailed.htm
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. 2015 Ukuhlolwa kwezesondo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Ukuhlaziywa 10/17/16. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats15/chlamydia.htm
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Trachoma. Ukuhlaziywa kukaJulayi 2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs382/en/