Icandelo eliqinisekisiweyo le-HIV litshintsha ukugxilwa kunye nokugqithisa ingozi
Umngcipheko we- HIV phakathi kwama-lesbians (kwakhona okubhekiswa njengabesifazane abalala ngesini nawabasetyhini) sele sele ithathwa njengezantsi. Kodwa njengangoku nje ngo-2014, bekuye kubekho iimeko zokusasazeka ngokwesini phakathi kwabasetyhini ababini apho kungekho enye indlela yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwezesondo zesini-nkosikazi kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo akunakuze kubonwa ngathi kuyinqabile? Okanye ngaba kukho iinkalo ezithile ezongeza ukwanda kokusuleleka ezinokuthi zizise izicwangciso zokuthintela phambili?
Kutheni "Abasetyhini Abalala Ngamakhosikazi?"
Abafazi abalala ngokwesini (i-WSW) ligama elisetyenziselwa ukwahlula abafazi ababandakanya umsebenzi wesondo kunye namanye amabhinqa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bazichaza njani. Eli thuba ladalwa ngama-1990s ngabadlali be-epidemiologists njengethuluzi lokubheka ukujonga ngakumbi indlela yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV kunye nokusabalaliswa kwesi sifo ngokusebenza ngokwesini.
Ngaphambi koku, abaphandi bancitshiswa ngokuhlalutya ngokubaluleka, apho abafazi abachonga njengabaqabane besini okanye abesilisa nabesilisa ababengabesini ngokwesini abazange baqhube ngokwesondo, ngelixa abo bachongileyo bachanekileyo bangabelana ngesondo kunye nabanye abafazi.
Igama le-WSW kunokuba ligxininise ekuziphatheni kunokuba zizenzele iinkcubeko okanye zentlalo, zize zinikeze umfanekiso ocacileyo we-HIV kunye nokuqonda okungcono imiphumo enxulumene nokukhusela i-HIV.
IiNtsholongwane zeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo phakathi kweWSW
Kwimbali ye-HIV, ininzi yoluntu kugxininiso lwezempilo luye lwafakwa kwi-HIV yokudluliselwa kwindoda phakathi kwabantu abalala ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) , isacatshangelwa phakathi kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomngcipheko kumazwe amaninzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-HIV phakathi kwe-WSW iye yafumana ingqwalasela engakumbi, inkolelo efanayo ukuba, njengeqela, ingabungozi bokungenwa kwintsholongwane.
Izibalo zixhasa kakhulu inkolelo. Ngokutsho kwamaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC), ama-246,461 ase-Amerika aseMerika aphethwe yi-HIV ngo-2004, kuphela ama-534 awakalisa ukulala ngesondo kuphela nabasetyhini.
Kule, i-91% yayinomnye umngcipheko omkhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi . Uphononongo olufanayo lufumanisa ukuba ngaphandle kwabaxhasi begazi labasetyhini, akukho mntu ochazwe njenge-HIV ochaze ngesondo kunye nomfazi othile njengengxaki yodwa.
Amatyala amaninzi aphandwayo awazange abe phakathi kwabasetyhini ababesetyhini besini kuphela kodwa phakathi kwalabo ba suleleke ngezinye izinto ezinobungozi obukhulu, ezifana nesondo kunye nomlingani wesilisa oyindoda. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2003 olwenziwa yi-CDC lubonise ukuba, phakathi kwabafazi abangama-3,139 abajongene ne-HIV, aba-14% bamabhinqa abamhlophe, ama-6% amabhinqa abamnyama, kunye nama-6% amabhinqa aseSpeyin avuma ukulala ngesondo kunye nomlingani wesini.
Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwizifo ezithintekayo nge-HIV kubonakala kuyindlela yokuqala yokusuleleka kwi-24% ukuya kwi-33% yamatyala.
Iimeko zokudluliselwa kwe-HIV phakathi kwe-WSW
Ukwangoku, kukho iimeko ezithandathu kuphela zokudluliselwa nge-HIV phakathi kwe-WSW apho ezinye izinto ezinobungozi obuphezulu zingabonakali kalula.
Ngo-2003, umfazi wase-Afrika waseMerika kuthiwa ufumane i-HIV kumlingane wakhe wesibini emva kokusebenzisa isondo ngokukhulula usebenzisa ii-toys zesini. Uvavanyo lwe-Genotypic luqinisekisile umdlalo wezofuzo kunye nentsholongwane yeqabane. Bobabini abesetyhini babexelele ukuba ubudlelwane babo babunomntu oyedwa kunye nokuba akazange alale nendoda.
Njengoko kwakungabikho ubungqina bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokutsha, kwagqitywa ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngamandla kwamathoyizi ezesondo kwaphumela ekudlulisweni kwegazi ngamanzi omzimba.
Ngenxa yokuba iqabane elijongene negciwane lesandulela ngculazi lalisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) , abafazi babekholelwa ukuba umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwakungenakwenzeka kwaye akazange acinge ngokusebenzisa izithintelo zokukhusela ezifana namadama amazinyo okanye iikhondom.
Ngo-Matshi 2014, icala elifanayo lichazwe yi-CDC apho owesifazane oneminyaka engama-46 ubudala waseTexas "wayenokufumana" i-HIV ngesondo kunye nomntwana wakhe oneminyaka engama-43 ubudala, umlingane we-HIV. Ukuvavanya kwe-Genetic kubonise umdlalo we-virus% engama-98%, ngelixa ubuninzi bezinto ezinobungozi obunokuba negalelo ekukhuselweni.
Njengoko kwangaphambili, bobabini abasetyhini babecinga ukuba babenqabile ukusebenzisa izithintelo zokukhusela ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kwaye ukudibana kwabo ngokwesondo "kwakunzima ukuya ekungcoliseni igazi." Ukongezelela, amaqabane athiwa abe nesondo esingakhuselekanga ngexesha leemali.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani necala le-2003, iqabane lika-HIV liye layeka ukufumana i-ART ecaleni kweminyaka emibini ngaphambili, iphakamisa ukuba umthwalo wakhe we- viral wenyusa unakho ukukhuphazeka kakhulu kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ngaphezu koko, ekuqaleni kokunyanga, lo mfazi wayenokwehla kwesisindo esikhulu kunye ne- esophageal candidiasis , ekupheleni kwayo enye yeenkcazelo ze-AIDS ze- CDC .
Xa bejonga ezi zinto kwi-totality yabo, kuyacaca ukuba ukudibanisa kwezi zinto kwakha into "yesiphepho esipheleleyo" sokusuleleka, apho iimbumba ze-genitalia okanye i-rectum ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezilinakalisiweyo zingabonelela ngokulula kwi-HIV.
Ukukhusela i-HIV phakathi kwe-WSW
Ngoxa ubungqina bokuba bakho ubungqina bokuba umngcipheko wokudlulisela i-WSW uphantsi kakhulu ngaphandle kweminye imingcipheko, ukuthintela kubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa kubasetyhini abalala ngesondo kunye neqabane elijongene ne-HIV okanye abaqinisekanga malunga ne-serostatus yeqabane. Izinto ezinobungozi ziquka:
- Ukwabelana ngeentlobo zesini
- Ukukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba kukho i-blood exposure
- Ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo okanye iimpundu
Ukuqinisekisa ingozi encinci, ukusebenzisa iikhondom, amabhinqa kunye namadama amazinyo kunconywa, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuya esikhathini.
Ukongezelela, umthwalo wentsholongwane ephezulu kwiqabane le-HIV, nokuba uphathwe okanye ungakhange ulandelwe, luhambelana nomngcipheko ophezulu. Ngoko ke, imfuno yokuvavanywa kwangaphambili kunye nonyango ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiibini ezise-serodiscordant, apho iqabane elinye linentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwaye enye ingenayo i-HIV. Uphando lwangoku lucebisa ngokucacileyo ukuba abantu abanesifo sengculaza abanomdlavuza ongenakubonakalayo banamathuba angama-96% okudlulisela i-HIV kumlingane ongatshatanga, isicwangciso esaziwa njengonyango njengendlela yokukhusela (TasP) .
Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ukuhlolwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ngenxa yokuba izifo ezinjalo ziyakwandisa ukwanda kweengxube ze-mucosal zesisu.
Imithombo:
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "I-HIV / AIDS phakathi kwabasetyhini." I-Atlanta, eGeorgia; ngoAgasti 2008; ifumaneka ngo-Ephreli 2, 2014.
Kwakwa, H. kunye neGhobrial, H. "UkuThumela kwabesifazana ukuya kwabesetyhini be-Virus of Immunodeficiency Virus." Izifo ezithathelwanayo zonyango. NgoSeptemba 24, 2002; 36 (3): e40-e41.
Chan, S; Thornton, L; Chronister, K .; okqhubekayo. "Ngokuqinisekileyo Ukuthunyelwa koBugqirha kwabesifazane ukuya kwabesifazane kwi-HIV - eTexas, 2014.V Ukunyanga nokuBulawa kweNgxelo ngeveki (MMWR) ngoMatshi 14, 2014; 63 (10): 209-212.
Cohen, M .; Chen, Y; McCauley, M .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-HIV-1 ngonyango lokuqala lwe-antiretroviral." I-New England Journal of Medicine. Agasti 11, 2011; 365 (6): 493-505.